First-born Research Articles

Triple differential cross sections for single ionization of an atom by bare ion impact

We present triple differential cross sections (TDCSs) for single ionization of atoms by proton and highly charged bare ions impact by means of the three-body formalism of the first Born, two-Coulomb wave and three-Coulomb (3C) wave (3CW) methods, respectively. The TDCS has been calculated both in the scattering and perpendicular planes. The purpose of this work is to investigate the validity of different methods as well as the role of interaction between projectile and residual-target-ion in the final state for weak perturbation strength with low electron emission energy at several momentum transfers. By comparing our calculations with experimental data, overall, the 3CW predicts better agreement with experiments than other calculations in the scattering plane. In the perpendicular plane, all calculations deviate from experimental data with increasing transverse momentum transfer for p − He collision. At low momentum transfer, the location of binary peak obtained by the first Born approximation calculation is well established with the experiment for proton impact. On the other hand, the 3CW model is in much better agreement with experiments, both in absolute values and peak position for highly charged impact. Finally, the strong influence of the internuclear Coulomb distortion on TDCS has been observed at low and intermediate momentum transfer.

The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) Responsive Parenting Intervention for Firstborns Affects Dietary Intake of Secondborn Infants

Although previous work has shown that children with older siblings tend to have poorer diet quality, no study has directly compared diets of infant siblings. The goals of this analysis were to examine birth-order differences in dietary intake between firstborn (FB) and secondborn (SB) siblings, and to determine whether a responsive parenting (RP) intervention modified birth-order effects on diet. The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) study randomly assigned first-time mothers to an RP intervention, which included guidance on feeding, sleep, soothing, and interactive play, or control. INSIGHT mothers who delivered a second child enrolled in an observation-only study of their SB infant (SIBSIGHT). Mothers completed FFQs for both children at ages 6 (n=97 sibling pairs) and 12 (n=100) mo. FB compared with SB intake of food groups of interest were compared, and the moderating effect of the RP intervention on birth-order differences was tested using generalized linear mixed models. Though FBs and SBs had similar diets, more FBs than SBs consumed 100% fruit juice at both 6 (13.8compared with 3.2%, P=0.006) and 12 mo (46.0compared with 32.0%, P=0.01). SBs consumed fruit more frequently (FB 2.8compared with SB 3.2 times/d, P=0.01), and were more likely to consume fried potatoes (FB 38.4compared with SB 57.6%, P=0.0009) and processed meats (FB 43.0compared with SB 58.0%, P=0.02) than FBs at 12 mo. There were no differences by birth order in intake of sweets, snacks, or sugar-sweetened beverages at 12 mo. At 12 mo, RP-group SBs ate vegetables more times per day (3.2) than control SBs (2.2, P=0.01). RP-SBs also consumed a greater variety of vegetables (10.2) than control-SBs (7.9, P=0.01). Birth order is not consistently associated with healthy or unhealthy infant dietary intake. However, an RP intervention delivered to first-time mothers may benefit subsequent infants' vegetable intake. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01167270.

THE STUDY OF VARIATIONS OF PARENTING STYLES

The current study investigated parenting styles with respect to various demographics. The study sample was made up of 235 preschoolers aged 48-72 months attending to 2 state-funded preschools in Istanbul. Demographics Form and Parenting Attitude Scale were used for the data collection. The scale was completed by the parents. Independent sample t-test was used for the data with a normal distribution. The results showed that parenting styles did not differ by child gender, the number of siblings, maternal age, education and working status, and paternal age and working status. The results also indicated that parents tend to be more protective and permissive towards their first-born children and that the fathers younger than 35-years-old had a more democratic style compared to the fathers who were 36 and older. Longer preschool attendance was associated with less overprotective and less democratic parenting attitudes. Article visualizations:

Epidemiology of Congenital Metatarsus Adductus: Experience from a Tertiary Health Institution

Background: Congenital metatarsus adductus is a common foot deformity in children. It involves adduction of the metatarsals at the LisFranc’s joint. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary. Aim: To describe the epidemiology of idiopathic congenital metatarsus adductus as seen in a tertiary health institution. Methods: A prospective study of consecutive patients presenting with congenital metatarsus adductus in children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt from January 2010 to December 2017. Diagnoses were made clinically. Data was obtained through a structured proforma and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: Fifty children with congenital metatarsus adductus with a total of 82 feet were seen. Ages ranged from 2 weeks to 10 years. There were 27 females and 23 males. They were mostly first and second born in their families. Majority were from monogamous homes. All were Nigerians and mostly of Igbo tribe. No use of alcohol or tobacco during pregnancy. There was no consanguinity. The maternal age ranged from 24 to 36 years and paternal age from 30 to 45 years. Gestational age ranged from 34 to 40 weeks. Majority were singleton. Majority were born in public hospitals and by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Most were bilateral. Common Bleck’s severity grades were mild and moderate. Most frequent flexibility grade was the partially flexible. Conclusion: Idiopathic congenital metatarsus adductus is commonly diagnosed within the first few months of life and commonly occurs in females and first-born. Most are either mild or moderate in severity and most frequently partially flexible.

The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) responsive parenting intervention for firstborns impacts feeding of secondborns

The Intervention Nurses Start Infant Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) study's responsive parenting (RP) intervention, initiated in early infancy, prevented the use of nonresponsive, controlling feeding practices and promoted use of structure-based feeding among first-time parents compared with controls. We sought to examine the spillover effect of the RP intervention on maternal feeding practices with their secondborn (SB) infants enrolled in an observational-only study, SIBSIGHT, and to test the moderating effect of spacing of births. SB infants of mothers participating in the INSIGHT study were enrolled into the observation-only ancillary study, SIBSIGHT. SBs were healthy singleton infants ≥36 weeks of gestation. Infant feeding practices (i.e., food to soothe, structure vs. control-based practices) were assessed using validated questionnaires: Babies Need Soothing Questionnaire, Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire, and the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding Questionnaire. SBs (n=117 [RP: 57, control: 60]; 43% male) were delivered 2.5±0.8 y after firstborns (FBs). At age 1 y, the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding Questionnaire revealed that the mothers in the RP group used more consistent feeding routines (4.19 [0.43] compared with 3.77 [0.62], P=0.0006, Cohen's D: 0.69) compared with control group mothers. From the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire, RP group mothers also used less nonresponsive, controlling feeding practices such as pressuring their SB infant to finish (1.81 [0.52] compared with 2.24 [0.68], P=0.001, Cohen's D: 0.68) compared with controls. In contrast to our hypotheses, no differences were detected in bottle-feeding practices such as putting to bed with a bottle/sippy cup or adding cereal to the bottle, despite observing study group differences in FBs. Spacing of births did not moderate intervention effects. RP guidance given to mothers of FBs may prevent the use of some nonresponsive, controlling feeding practices while establishing consistent feeding routines in subsequent siblings.

A comparative study on positive mentalities between the only-child medical interns and the non-only-child medical interns in a Chongqing hospital

Objective To investigate the group characteristics of positive mentalities between the only-child medical interns and the non-only-child medical interns in different birth order. Methods By cluster sampling method, Positive Mentalities Scale for university students was applied to test 194 medical interns who enrolled in a Chongqing hospital in 2015 to obtain the score of positive psychological quality of medical students. Descriptive statistics and variance analysis were conducted using SAS 8.2. Results The total scores of the only-child interns' positive mentalities were significantly higher than those of the firstborn interns[(97.26±11.04) vs. (92.30±12.84), P=0.010]. The scores of the study-loving factor from high to low were listed as follows: the only-child interns, interns born in other birth order, interns who were the youngest children in the family, and the firstborn interns. Meanwhile, statistical difference was found in those (P 0.05) between the only-child interns and the non-only-child interns. Conclusion The positive mental development of the only-child interns are superior to that of the firstborn interns. The training of positive mentalities of the firstborns and the youngest children in family should be paid attention to and the training of self-discipline should be strengthened among all medical interns. Key words: Medical interns; Only-child; Non-only-child; Positive mentalities

Associations between birthweight, birth order, and age at menarche of schoolgirls in Niger Republic

Background: Few data are available on the association between birthweight, birth order (BO), and age at menarche. Previous studies have indicated a significant association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche. Aim: this cross-sectional study examines the association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche of Nigerien schoolgirls. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected with questionnaires from a total of 487 adolescent schoolgirls aged 12–27 years. Results: Schoolgirls with low birthweight reach menarche earlier than those with normal birthweight (13.59 years vs. 13.94 years, P= 0.004). BO showed statistically significant impact on age at menarche with the first-born girls reaching menarche earlier than the later-born girls (F = 5.17,P Conclusion: Our results suggest an association between birthweight, BO, and age at menarche.

AB143. Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy and its diagnostic implications

Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCLD) (OMIM#269700) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by marked paucity of adipose tissue, a muscular habitus, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. It is an anabolic syndrome due to the deficiency of leptin, a lipid modulator, leading to the inappropriate mobilization of fat. Four types of BSCLD have been described based on the site of genetic mutation. Type 2 accounts for an earlier onset, more severe complications and intellectual disability. This is due to the lower leptin levels and the loss of functional seipin in type 2 BSCLD. We report the evolving phenotype of type 2 BSCLD in a boy clinically diagnosed at age 5 months and confirmed by molecular genetic study which revealed a pathogenic mutation in the BSCL2 gene: c.782dupG, p.lle262Hisfs*12homozygous. He is the firstborn of non-consanguineous parents with no significant family history. He has a muscular habitus with a distinct facies, hypertrichosis, absence of subcutaneous fat and hepatomegaly. Investigations revealed hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance. A conventional approach to management with dietary fat restriction successfully controlled his biochemical parameters, thus preventing catastrophic complications such as systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure and pancreatitis. Genetic counseling was conferred and prenatal testing recommended for future pregnancies. On follow-up, he had a muscular habitus with hepatomegaly and global developmental delay. Despite early correction of his biochemical parameters, an abdominal ultrasound revealed early onset fatty liver disease and an echocardiogram showed a thickened interventricular septum suggestive of early hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). A fasting serum leptin done was low at 0.8 ng/mL (normal range, 2.0-5.6 ng/mL) confirming leptin deficiency. A leptin analog is now available as an adjunct to mollify the metabolic complications of BSCLD. However, it is yet to be available in developing nations and whether it is able to assuage progressive hepatic cholestasis and HOCM remains a field to venture. This report highlights the importance of early recognition and confirmation by molecular diagnosis to direct appropriate surveillance of complications. This also enables early genetic counseling and prenatal testing for future pregnancies. We describe the evolving phenotype, pertinent investigations and the conventional approach to the management of BSCLD.

Les inégalités intrafamiliales d'éducation en France

Si la transmission intergénérationnelle du capital humain a été largement étudiée par les économistes, on sait, en revanche, peu de choses sur les écarts scolaires entre frères et sœurs. Cet article propose une mesure de l’hétérogénéité d’éducation entre les enfants pour la France sur la base d’un échantillon comprenant 27 197 enfants appartenant à 11 694 familles. L’estimation de modèles Probit ordonnés à effets aléatoires et la mise en œuvre d’une décomposition de variance permettent de distinguer l’hétérogénéité d’éducation entre les familles de celle au sein des familles, entre frères et sœurs. Les résultats indiquent que l’hétérogénéité d’éducation entre les familles représente près de deux tiers de la variabilité totale. Au sein des fratries, les filles et les aînés sont relativement plus éduqués.

Cultural considerations in family therapy: boys with conversion

Background: Conversion disorder is mostly reported in girls. One factor that makes girls vulnerable for emotional problems is the cultural practice of son preference, which is prevalent in many Asian countries including Thailand. However, other cultural factors make boys vulnerable to develop conversion disorders. Objective: We reported clinical symptoms, family assessment, and important points in family therapy in two boys with conversion disorder. Method: Two boys age 10 and 14 years old presented with seizures. Neurological tests were unremarkable and an organically-based seizure disorder was ruled out. The patients were diagnosed as having conversion disorder and were sent for psychiatric evaluation and treatment. Result: Family assessment revealed some cultural practices that led to frustration and conversion. These factors included the culture of silence and the tendency to somatize; the cultural practice of mourning; and the parentification of children especially the first-born. In family therapy, therapeutic work included breaking the silence in the family and helping the family develop the ability to talk about feelings; helping the family deal with frustration more effectively, and dealing with somatic symptoms in an empathic manner. When the patients were able to reconnect with their families and to voice their needs, the body no longer needed to speak for them and the symptoms remitted. Conclusion: The case vignettes illustrated the role culture plays in modifying the manifestations of both intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts in boys. Understanding such a role will help therapists to treat conversion disorders in boys more effectively. Keywords: Boys, children, conversion disorder, culture, somatization

A Study on an Adolescent Experience of Children from International Marriage in Rural Area

Study on children from international marriage so far has been conducted focusing on the school-aged children, and it uniformly presents those children as a mere being with problem, overlooking regional variables of rural area. Hence, this study aims to seek various means of adaptation of children from international marriage by considering both variables rural area and adolescence. For this study, six children from international marriage living in the rural area of H county in Jeonlanamdo were chosen, in-dept interview were conducted, and Giorgi(1985) was used to analyze qualitative data. The results shows that these adolescences appear to have extensive experiences in the areas of learning, personal relationship, home and identity. Level of academic achievement was influenced by what school they attend to, and personal relationship aspect was affected by prejudice and discriminative perception from people around them. In addition, in home environment, hatred toward father, sympathy for mother, comparison with mothers who have great cultural adaptation skills, and pressure as the firstborn appear to be on the increase. Adolescent children tend to be addicted to internet games in order to escape from anxiety, experiencing identity crisis. They tend to be negative about international marriage of their parents, and exhibit behaviors refusing values and religious view of their parents. At the conclusion, limitation of the study and suggestion for further study are presented.

A Study on the Succession of the First-Born Woman

A Study on the Succession of the First-Born Woman

Having a Firstborn Boy Predicts Subsequent Miscarriage

Miscarriage is devastating for expectant parents, and understanding the prognostic factors that are associated with recurrent miscarriage is vital for counseling patients as well as uncovering underlying pathophysiology. History of a firstborn male child has been proposed as a risk factor for secondary recurrent miscarriage. In a new study, investigators analyzed data from two cohorts of women …

Trends in Preeclamptic Outcomes

Treating preeclampsia has always been a balancing act between managing the mother’s medical condition and delivering a premature infant. These authors analyzed the trends in fetal outcomes among more than 800,000 singleton, firstborn children (≥24 weeks gestation) who were registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 1967 to 2003. Births were divided …

Deux âges d'émigration ouvrière. Migration et sédentarité dans un village industriel

A partir del analisis de una cohorte de individuos nacidos entre 1939 y 1946 y censados en 1954 en un municipio del este de Francia, este articulo presenta un modelo de sedentarismo de la mano de obra trabajadora. En base a este modelo, la integracion de los obreros no calificados se produce a traves de la alianza con las mujeres autoctonas, y la reproduccion local del status de obrero a traves del hijo mayor. Es asi que aparece una aristocracia obrera, a traves de mecanismos de parentesco que corresponden a una situacion determinada del mercado de trabajo.Estos resultados se obtienen combinando una encuesta etnografica (para reconstituir las trayectorias familiares en el espacio y en lo referente al empleo) y analisis estadistico (ACM y modelos de duracion). Sin embargo, el modelo deja de funcionar si se toma como base una cohorte de individuos nacidos durante los anos sesenta. El hecho de ser autoctono, clave para la entrada en el mercado de trabajo local durante los anos sesenta, empuja a la migracion durante los ochenta, debido a la crisis del empleo local.

Discordant HIV-1 Infection in Dizygotic Twins: Case Report and Review of Literature

First-born twins are at a four-fold risk of acquiring HIV infection if delivered by caesarean section. A female second twin delivered by caesarean section presented at the age of 14 months with features of HIV/AIDS. She died four months later of full blown AIDS. The first twin, a male, who was delivered vaginally, is asymptomatic and negative for HIV-1 at 18 months of age. He is growing normally. Their father died of AIDS a month before the demise of twin two. Discussion focuses on factors influencing perinatal transmission of HIV and strategies available to minimize the risk. Key Words: HIV, transmission, dizygotic twins. [Jnl College of Medicine Vol.8(2) 2003: 27-30]

To My First Born: 7/26/95

To My First Born: 7/26/95

K-shell ionisation of atoms by positron and electron impacts

Recent developments in the calculation of the K-shell ionisation cross sections of atoms by positron and electron impacts are reviewed. The application of the first Born and other approximations derived by the modification of the first Born are discussed. It is pointed out that the first Born approximation modified to include exchange and the effect of the atomic field on the projectile yields satisfactory results for the light atoms.

Persephone's First Born in Ohio

Persephone's First Born in Ohio

The Northwestern University triplet study

Abstract Umbilical arterial and venous blood gas indices of 11 triplet pregnancies were reviewed. Ten sets of triplets were delivered by cesarean section and one set was delivered vaginally. Mean 1-minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in the group of infants delivered third than in either of the other birth order groups. There were no statistically significant differences when the mean umbilical arterial or venous pH, PCO 2 , and base deficit were compared among any one triplet and the other two. Similarly, no significant differences were found when these parameters were compared by birth order in relation to mean 5-minute Apgar scores, mean birth weights, and mean gestational ages at delivery. Birth order did not appear to significantly influence acid-base status, although it may become significant with an increasing time in utero after delivery of the firstborn infant. Further study is necessary to investigate whether there is a critical interval of delivery whereby the infants remaining in utero become acidotic.