Activities Of Firms Research Articles

THE ROLE OF THE KARAWANG GOVERNMENT IN ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (AIR POLLUTION) CAUSED BY COMPANIES IN THE KARAWANG AREA

Environmental pollution, especially air pollution, has become a serious problem in many countries including Indonesia. Industrial cities such as Karawang City have a big challenge in overcoming air pollution problems, which are mostly caused by the industrial sector and motorized vehicles. This research aims to find out what the Karawang government should do to overcome the pollution produced by factories in Karawang City and how effective the Karawang Regency Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2012 concerning Environmental Protection and Management is. In 2023, Karawang experienced very high levels of air pollution until the air quality index value reached 178. The impact of this was that many people were affected by ARI, even the smoke produced by factories in Karawang had an impact on Jakarta and surrounding areas. To address this air pollution problem, the Karawang government has a major role in accordance with the local regulation (Perda) on Environmental Protection and Management, that the government is responsible for establishing effective regulatory policies, taking firm action against business owners whose factories do not comply with government regulations, and supervising factories that have the potential to pollute the air. Although there are local regulations that deal with air pollution problems, in reality these regulations are not fully effective, because there are still many factories that do not comply with the rules and the sanctions given are not burdensome and provide a deterrent effect, so the government needs to evaluate the regional regulation in dealing with air pollution problems in Karawang City.Keywords: air pollution; government; industrial area

PENGHANCURAN WARISAN BUDAYA DI TIMBUKTU OLEH ANSAR DINE DI TAHUN 2012: PELANGGARAN TERHADAP KONVENSI DEN HAAG 1954?

The armed conflict in Mali since 2012 has had a significant impact on the destruction of various cultural sites, particularly in Timbuktu. The research method used in this research is a literature study by reviewing various relevant literatures on the case study, while using a normative-juridical approach through analysis of the articles of the Hague Convention and international judicial decisions through the articles contained in the Rome Statute. This is because this conflict has resulted in significant violations of the 1954 Hague Convention, which regulates the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict as stated in Article 2 regarding the importance of protecting cultural property in conflict areas. Moreover, there have been violations of the Rome Statute governing the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC). In addition, this conflict has violated the principles of distinction and precaution as it has resulted in the destruction of civilian objects such as places of worship categorized as cultural heritage. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of implementing international law in protecting the cultural heritage owned by every nation. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the importance of stronger international cooperation to protect cultural heritage, especially in areas prone to armed conflict. It also emphasizes the importance of taking firm action against violators of international humanitarian law such as the ICC trial of Al-Mahdi from Ansar Dine for the destruction of cultural heritage in Timbuktu.

Tend to one's own house: The effect of firm CSR on employee effort

AbstractWe examine whether a firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions that benefit external parties can cause the firm's employees to reduce their effort. We expect employees will reduce their effort in response to their firm's external CSR actions when they perceive that they are treated poorly by the firm and that the firm's external CSR actions use resources that could have been readily transferred toward improving employee treatment. We expect that, when employees hold both of these perceptions, they will react negatively to the firm's CSR actions due to heightened feelings of unfairness. Results support our expectations and theory. We find that employees respond negatively to CSR only when they perceive that they are treated poorly by their firm and that CSR uses transferable resources. Further, we find these effects are driven by employees' perceptions of the fairness of their firm's actions toward employees. Our study suggests that firms should consider how employees perceive their treatment by the firm and the transferability of the resources used for CSR actions that benefit external parties.

Not Walking the Talk: The Effect of Prioritizing Profit or ESG Impact on Employee Behavior Across ESG Impact- and Shareholder Value-Focused Mission Statements

ABSTRACT We experimentally examine the impact of mission-statement focus (environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impact or shareholder value) on employee effort before and after firm trade-off actions prioritizing ESG impact or profit. We find that employees exert more initial effort given an ESG-impact (versus shareholder-value) mission. However, subsequent trade-off actions can be costly for firms with ESG-impact missions. Regardless of a firm’s mission statement focus, employees respond positively to actions that prioritize ESG impact over profit; however, relative to a firm with a shareholder-value mission, a firm with an ESG-impact mission will experience more negative employee responses when the firm takes actions that prioritize profit over ESG impact. Further, firms with ESG-impact missions cannot easily reverse the negative effects of their profit-prioritizing actions; employee effort does not revert to original levels if the action is subsequently reversed. Finally, we provide evidence that mission-statement focus and firm actions influence employee turnover intentions.

Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Persekongkolan Tender dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah

Bid rigging, an illegal practice that undermines the principles of fair business competition, is widespread in government procurement of goods and services. The actions of business actors who deliberately control tender winners not only harm the state, but also deprive consumers of their right to obtain quality products and services at competitive prices. This research in-depth analyzes the practice of bid rigging in the perspective of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition, especially Article 22. Using a statutory approach, this research reveals the impact, forms and legal sanctions on the practice. bid rigging in the procurement of government goods and services. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide effective policy recommendations to prevent and take firm action against the practice of bid rigging, so as to create a healthy and fair business competition climate.

Putting the Politics Into Corporate Political Activity: A Variance Decomposition Analysis of Firm–Government Interactions Across Political Contexts

Despite the wealth of theorizing about the relationship between business and government, research on corporate political activity (CPA) has yet to comprehensively consider how political context (e.g., party ideology and the degree of united or divided party government control) may shift the salience of how CPA materializes across industry-, firm-, and executive-level factors, which can shed light on the level of effects that appear to matter more (or less). To advance our understanding, we conducted a variance decomposition analysis on U.S. public firms (2001–2019), exploring the relative effect of each level on firm (lobbying expenditures and campaign contributions) and government actions (government contracts), and parsing our sample based on whether key government branches are Democrat- or Republican-controlled. We generally found that firm effects explain the most variance, followed by industry, while executive effects explain the least. However, this pattern shifts notably when considering political context across our sample period. As such, our findings have important implications for future CPA research and theorizing.

Bringing morality back in: Accounting as moral interlocutor in reflective equilibrium processes

The situations in which accounting is practiced raise moral concerns about customer and employee safety, community welfare, environmental sustainability, and human rights. Traditional accounting practices, such as budgets and performance measurement systems, have been widely regarded as ‘crowding out morality’ by objectifying the people affected by a firm's actions. In two North American utilities, we observed a stepwise structured process of moral reflection (which we identify as an instance of Rawls's reflective equilibrium approach), in which accounting, in the form of the risk appetite radar, helped guide executive decision making informed by moral principles. We develop two dimensions of accounting's role as ‘moral interlocutor’: enabling organizational value consensus and organizational value coherence. We identify three features of the observed accounting practice that enable it to act as moral interlocutor: subjectification rather than objectification of potential victims of the firm's actions; de-monetization, that is, considering trade-offs in terms of multiple organizational values, not only in terms of cost; and visualization of the organizations' moral principles on value priorities and how they are shaped by organizational decision making and action. The accounting visualizations did not only enable executives' reflection on rights and wrongs, but also triggered a fuller and richer moral vocabulary that was used for complex decision making involving, for instance, automation and the risk of suicides.

Regulasi Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pencemaran Air di Sungai Citarum, Jawa Barat

The principle of environmental insight is the principle of capital investment carried out while still paying attention to and prioritizing environmental protection and maintenance. The government in carrying out development must also pay attention to the ecosystem and the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze and enforce the law on Citarum River pollution based on the Principle of Environmental Insight, which includes the principles of sustainability, community participation, and environmental responsibility. The method used in this study is normative juridical with qualitative analysis with the data produced in the form of secondary data obtained from previous studies, laws and regulations, and other sources. The results of the study are the Regulation on water pollution in Article 60 of the PPLH Law: "Everyone is prohibited from dumping waste and/or materials into environmental media without permission". Article 104 of the PPLH Law: "Anyone who dumps waste and/or materials into environmental media without permission as referred to in Article 60, shall be punished with imprisonment of a maximum of 3 (three) years and a maximum fine of Rp3,000,000,000.00 (three billion rupiah). Conclusion Law enforcement in environmental issues has been regulated in environmental laws and regulations. Environmental law is a legal rule for every management and protection of the environment. Suggestion The government needs to strengthen regulations related to the disposal of industrial and domestic waste into rivers. Strict and consistent law enforcement must be implemented to ensure that polluters receive appropriate sanctions. Routine inspections and firm action against violators will be important steps

Pollution control strategy on the Boyolali Gandul River borderline

River borders are green belts that should be free from permanent, non-permanent or semi-permanent buildings. However, people still use many river borders to build houses. Gandul River is one of the rivers with borderland use that violates regulations. This research aims to analyze the quality of polluting elements and SWOT analysis for strategies for controlling pollution. The research was carried out using a mixed methods approach in the form of quantitative and descriptive. Descriptive research analyzing water quality as an abiotic element was assessed using water quality parameters (temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, total coliform, and DO) and a qualitative culture analysis will be carried out using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) on 60 respondents who live in Gandul River border as the main respondent. The polluting elements in the Gandul River are coliforms that reached >16,000 during 2021-2023. Strategies in efforts to control buildings on the Gandul River border include firm action to implement government and regional regulations, providing education, and assisting the community with relocation efforts. Land use on the Gan-dul River border causes an increase in the total coliform value so efforts are needed to relocate.

Peran Front Office Department dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Check In dan Check Out Tamu di Hotel Banjar Permai Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan

This research was conducted to find out more about "The Role of the Front Office Department in Improving the Quality of Guest Check In and Check Out Services at the Banjar Permai Hotel, Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan" which was motivated by the decline in guest arrival rates during the Covid-19 period and currently continues and try to stabilize occupancy by improving service quality. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the subjects are employees of the Front Office Department, Supervisors, and overnight guests as purposive sampling material. The Data was obtained through interviews, observation and documentation, which was then carried out through descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this research are: 1) The role of the Front Office Department in improving the quality of check-in and check-out services must follow existing service standards and must provide service that exceeds the expectations of an overnight guest and creates a good first and last impression. so that it results in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the future. 2) Various obstacles that occur in the check-in service process, namely; guests do not want to provide identification, impatient guests, while checking out; guests leaving the room without announce, room keys being taken away by guests, lost hotel items, and so on. All of this is stated in full in the researcher's thesis. 3) Solutions in facing all obstacles can be overcome by each Front Office because they have been accustomed to and learning from each other, apart from that there are clear rules and firm actions but still adhering to the value of politeness in dealing with guests which is the main value in the quality of service provided guarded by a Front Office. Every obstacle that occurs is always evaluated in monthly meetings for the Front Office Department and upper levels so that good service can be improved and create satisfaction for each customer and have an impact on the progress of the Banjar Permai Hotel in the future.

Temporality of Institutional Reforms and Corporate Renewal Actions of Firms

Temporality of Institutional Reforms and Corporate Renewal Actions of Firms

Harmonisasi Hukum dan Penegakan Hukum yang Berkeadilan dalam Tindak Pidana Judi Togel dan Online

Gambling and online gambling have become a disturbing phenomenon in society. This gambling not only has a negative impact on individuals, but also on society as a whole. The purpose of this article is so that people who are still actively gambling can stop and law enforcers can further improve prevention and restore disturbances. The method used is juridical-sociological which not only focuses on written law but considers social aspects. Crime prevention efforts are actually a continuous and continuous effort. There is no, and there will never be a final effort. However, efforts must still be made to further ensure the protection and welfare of society. However, efforts must still be made to further ensure the protection and welfare of society. Suggestions for law enforcers are to carry out strict supervision, take firm action and provide rehabilitation for gambling addicts.

Auditor-Firm Conflict: Theoretical Concepts Application and Analysis of the Power Dynamics Involved

This study undertakes a theoretical analysis of the auditor-firm conflict. It relied on the review of literature methodology contextualized on auditor’s appointment , firm economic pressure , management bargaining power, auditor’s fear of losing a firm, firm’s management economic power over the auditor, auditor’s personal attributes and moral reasoning, auditor’s tenure, audit fees, audit market competitiveness, non-audit services, audit firm size and the firm’s financial condition. The study relied on Goldman and Barlev model, exchange and dependency theories to explain the likely power positions in the auditor-firm relationship. Deductively the study based on the contexts indicated the presence of an asymmetry power structure where the auditor and firm have low and high power positions. The study however, proffered resolution measures such as reputational and litigation costs; strengthening of audit committees; control over auditor’s appointment and remuneration; effective discipline of firms and auditors and strong enforcement of standards. The measures can curtail the auditor’s and firm actions in reducing violation of auditing standards; improving auditor’s independence, reduce the firm’s pressure on the auditor and bring about balance of power positions. The paper has implications for understanding the auditor-firm conflict situation and provides opportunities for strengthening audit policy and audit standards development.

Philosophical Analysis of Positivism Article 6 (1) ICCPR in The Construction of Armed Criminal Group Human Rights

This study aims to identify philosophically and juridically related to the Deconstruction of Article 6 (1) ICCPR in the construction of KKB Human Rights and Deconstruction of Human Rights as positive law on the principles of Positivism Philosophy. This research uses normative (doctrinal) methods with a statutory approach (statute approach), and conceptual approach by implementing primary legal principles covering regional to international law and consisting of theories of positivism philosophical traditions, legal dogma, and other relevant literature. The results of this study show that the government should be able to provide firm action against Criminal Acts of Terrorism, especially KKB in Indonesia because there is the highest principle, namely Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto, and the conception of human rights as positive law that is irrelevant to the founding father of legal positivism, namely the Philosophy of Positivism.

ANALISIS NORMATIF PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI KORBAN KEJAHATAN PEDOFILIA

This research aims to find out briefly and simply about legal protection for children as victims of pedophilia crimes. The research method used in this research is: normative legal research. which essentially means that there has been a gap between das sollen and das sein at the level of norms or legal rules that apply in society. so that the law we aspire to cannot function as it should. From this research we can conclude that. Very firm and harsh action is needed in imposing criminal sanctions on perpetrators of pedophilia crimes because they have damaged and taken away the future of the nation's generation. The criminal sanctions can have a deterrent effect and provide healing and treatment for the mental and sexual sexuality of the perpetrator. Keywords: Children, Crime Victims, Pedophelia.

Is socially responsible capitalism truly polarizing?

AbstractObjectiveWe assess the hypothesis that socially responsible capitalism (SRC) is fundamentally partisan and primarily supported by people on the left, or whether this perception is another example of “false polarization”—overestimation of disagreement between the left and right.MethodsWe conduct two studies: (1) a survey of Americans' opinions on a general definition of SRC and five examples of recent prominent firm actions corresponding to distinct areas of SRC (n = 1000, representative sample) and (2) an incentivized survey on second‐order beliefs about results from the first survey (n = 605, quota‐matched convenience sample). We conduct statistical tests of the accuracy of second‐order beliefs about polarization between Democrats and Republicans in support for SRC and correlates of this accuracy.ResultsLarge majorities of Democrats and Republicans support examples of corporate behavior from three of the five areas of SRC, but opinions are somewhat divided across the parties on support for SRC as a concept, and highly divided for the SRC examples on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and climate change. Both Democrats and Republicans generally underestimate SRC support from partisans on both sides except for DEI, which both parties overestimate support for. SRC support is especially underestimated by people opposed to SRC and people with no opinion on SRC. Democrats overestimate polarization in support for SRC. Overestimation of polarization in SRC support is correlated with affective polarization.ConclusionBipartisan support for SRC is underappreciated, but some aspects of SRC are polarizing or even more polarizing than commonly perceived. Republican opposition to SRC may be partially due to underestimation of copartisan support for SRC. A focus in the news and popular discourse on the more polarizing aspects of SRC may contribute to a general perception that support for SRC is more polarized than it truly is.

Analisis proses penggantian bendera kapal asing menjadi kapal bendera indonesia di Subdirektorat Pengukuran Pendaftaran dan Kebangsaan Kapal

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami proses pendaftaran kapal, yang penting untuk keselamatan dan keamanan transportasi laut serta pelestarian lingkungan laut. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dijelaskan dalam paragraf yang mencakup pentingnya tanda kebangsaan kapal dan proses penggantian kapal berbendera asing menjadi berbendera Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penggantian bendera kapal melibatkan tahapan administrasi di luar negeri, pengajuan bukti kepada pejabat RI, dan pendaftaran di Indonesia setelah kapal dicoret dari daftar kapal negara asal. Jika ditemukan pelanggaran prosedur penggunaan awak kapal, perusahaan pelayaran harus ditindak tegas.

Consumer reactions to environmentally irresponsible sourcing practices: An intentionality and motive perspective

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to better understand how and why consumers pay attention to a firm's environmentally irresponsible sourcing practices. Using signaling theory, this research develops and tests a model that examines how a firm's intentionality and motive behind irresponsible environmental sourcing practices can signal a product's environmental characteristics to consumers. The findings suggest that consumers tend to view products as more environmentally harmful when they learn that a firm intentionally sources from irresponsible suppliers. Likewise, consumers are more likely to react unfavorably to a firm's products when a firm prioritizes profit motives over responsible sourcing practices. This research also offers insight into how a firm's corrective response strategy (e.g., mandatory vs. voluntary environmental supplier actions) could mitigate the adverse impact of the firm's environmentally irresponsible sourcing practices on consumer perceptions of environmental risk. The findings indicate that a firm's mandatory corrective actions targeted to its suppliers are more likely to be effective, whereas voluntary actions were found to be ineffective. Two experiments were conducted to test the study's hypotheses. Managerial and societal implications are also discussed.

Do No Harm? Unintended Consequences of Pharmaceutical Price Regulation in India

The Drugs (Prices Control) Order of 2013 in India regulated the prices of certain essential and life-saving drugs to ensure their affordability and availability, expecting an increase in sales of those drugs. The authors study the effects of the regulation on sales volumes of each regulated drug using a synthetic control approach with sales data from a comparable country that did not experience a regulatory change. They assess the robustness of the results via multiple empirical approaches to triangulate the findings. Contrary to the order's objectives, they find that sales volumes declined for regulated drugs. Since the order placed restrictions on production levels and on drugs exiting the market, the lowered margins of regulated drugs could have pushed pharmaceutical firms to reduce their marketing expenditures on them. The authors provide evidence of such a reduction using detailing data from a large pharmaceutical firm. The findings illustrate that this shift in detailing adversely affected prescriptions from physicians without formal medical degrees who treat poor and disadvantaged people in India—patients that the order was intended to help the most. A survey the authors conducted shows that these physicians rely on detailing more than medically trained doctors. Taken together, the results provide insights into the strategic actions of firms when faced with regulations, and highlight their unintended consequences. The generalizable nature of the study's findings across a broad set of medications has implications for governmental agencies in terms of the need to account for the entire ecosystem when implementing such regulations.

Efektivitas Undang-Undang Perampasan Aset pada Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Berdasarkan Hukum Pidana

Money laundering is an action to eliminate the source of money resulting from criminal acts which is later found to have been generated legally. Money laundering is a crime that is difficult to crack. Therefore, the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators must be balanced with criminal sanctions and confiscation of assets against perpetrators. This research uses a normative research type with a legal and conceptual approach. The crime of money laundering is a crime that needs attention because it is often associated with losses to the state and society, therefore legal action is needed to deter the perpetrators, but the obstacle that occurs is the punishment in Article 2 of the Assets Bill which only applies confiscation of assets resulting from crime without any punishment of criminals. This is not in accordance with the function of law. So the results and conclusions can be drawn that not implementing punishment against the perpetrator will most likely not have a deterrent effect, therefore it should be important to implement punishment and confiscation of assets because both must be implemented simultaneously as a form of firm state action to provide a deterrent effect.