Fire Security Research Articles

Assessing teachers' fire security knowledge, training effectiveness and attitudinal changes: a cross‐sectional study in Turkey

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level of teachers about basic fire and extinguishing and the effectiveness of the fire training received. This is a cross‐sectional study. The research population comprises teachers employed in educational institutions affiliated with the Ministry of National Education (MNE) in Konya, Turkey, during the year 2021. The sample of this research consisted of 2649 participants who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research and answered all questions completely. Data were collected from the questionnaire forms prepared by the researchers by examining the literature in the electronic environment via Google Forms. Of the participants, 53.7% were women, 39.8% were between the ages of 35 and 44 and 93.0% were working as teachers. The fire safety knowledge score is higher for those who attended the fire training. While the fire knowledge score increased as the end‐of‐training attainment score increased in those receiving fire training, no significant relationship was found between the education environment and content score, the educator effectiveness score, the status of having a fire extinguishing task and having encountered a fire and this score. Teachers' fire safety knowledge score is higher and at a moderate level compared to the attitude score. Participating in fire education positively affects both knowledge and attitude toward fire.

Advancements in Fire Safety Technology: A Automatic Fire Extinguishing Robot

Fire security which is a lasting and persistent issue requires the continuous development of technology to reinforce protection and inhibition of the fires which are regular event that often leads to emergencies in many sectors. This research endeavors to delve deeply into the realm of fire safety technology, focusing keenly on two innovative approaches: the Chai roof closers security policy, after house-closers protection process, and a matted fire extinguisher robot that notifies about the fire. Through scrupulously examining their technical detail, experiments, operational patterns, and potential outcomes and impact, the paper in this order to fulfills its objective of giving the reader a comprehensive and all-encompassing understanding of the extent and the take of these types of fire systems in the total field of fire safety. Relying on a broad review of journal articles, experiments, and also a proactive approach to these technological advancements that might contribute to averting fire disasters and on preserving both human lives and valuable properties, this research undertakes a mission to explore the emergence of these technological advancements and how much they instill change in the conduct of disaster response and risk mitigation.

Design and Implementation of Fire Security Alarm with Voice Interaction Using IoT

The project “Design and Implementation of Fire Alarm with Voice Interaction using IOT” aims Industrial environments present unique fire safety challenges due to the presence of flammable materials, complex layouts, and high noise levels. Existing fire alarms often struggle to effectively alert personnel in such settings, potentially leading to delayed evacuations and catastrophic consequences. This paper proposes an innovative IoT-based fire security alarm system with voice interaction specifically designed for industrial applications. The system leverages a network of interconnected sensors, a central processing unit, and voice-enabled communication to provide precise fire detection, clear evacuation guidance, and enhanced situational awareness for occupants.

Facile construction of polypyrrole microencapsulated γ‐Fe2O3 for simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke toxicity suppression of intumescent flame‐retardant epoxy resins

AbstractFor effectively strengthening the comprehensive properties of intumescent flame‐retardant epoxy resins (EPs), a microencapsulating γ‐Fe2O3 by polypyrrole (PPy) named PPy‐Fe2O3 was synthesized and used as a synergist to simultaneously enhance the flame retardancy, smoke toxicity suppression and mechanical strength of EP composites containing diaminodiphenylmethane modified ammonium polyphosphate (DDP). The results demonstrate that the mixture of PPy‐Fe2O3 and DDP exhibits a surprising synergistic effect on strengthening the comprehensive properties of EP composites. Specifically, EP composite containing 0.2 wt% PPy‐Fe2O3 and 9.8 wt% DDP achieves the UL94 V‐0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 35.5%, while 10 wt% DDP only imparts a UL94 V‐1 rating and a LOI value of 34.0% to EP. Furthermore, 0.2 wt% PPy‐Fe2O3 shows a 11.0% reduction in peak smoke production rate and a 12.3% reduction in peak heat release rate of the EP/DDP system. The enhanced fire security of EP/DDP/PPy‐Fe2O3 is attributed to the formation of more phosphorus‐rich structures retained in the char, thus reducing the release of harmful gases including NH3, CO, and CO2, and generating more incombustible gases including H2O to weaken burning intensity. Meanwhile, the satisfactory compatibility of PPy‐Fe2O3 with epoxy matrix imparts a superior mechanical strength to EP composites.

Forest Fire Spread Hazard and Landscape Pattern Characteristics in the Mountainous District, Beijing

Objective: This study established an index system for assessing forest fire spread hazards and conducted a forest fire spread hazard assessment in the mountainous district of Beijing (including Fangshan, Mentougou, Changping, Yanqing, Huairou, Miyun, and Pinggu). The relationship between forested landscape spatial pattern and forest fire spread hazard was explored; this method provided the basis for the establishment of a landscape forest fire security guarantee system. Methods: The forest fire spread hazard assessment index system was constructed from four aspects: forest fuel, meteorological factors, topographic factors, and fire behavior. The weighted comprehensive evaluation method and area-weighted average method were used to calculate the forest fire spread hazard indices at the subcompartment scale and township scale. Moran’s I index was selected as the spatial autocorrelation index to analyze the autocorrelation degree and spatial distribution of the forest fire spread hazard index. Eleven representative landscape pattern indices were selected to analyze the main landscape spatial pattern affecting forest fire spread hazard by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Results: (1) The areas with high, medium–high, medium-low, and low forest fire spread hazard grades accounted for 39.87%, 33.10%, 11.37%, and 15.66% of the study area, respectively, at the subcompartment scale and for 52.36%, 22.58%, 18.39%, and 6.67% of the study area, respectively, at the township scale. (2) The forest fire spread hazard index results obtained at the subcompartment and township scales in the Mountainous District of Beijing showed a spatial agglomeration distribution law. (3) The forest fire spread hazard was influenced mainly by landscape diversity (SHDI and PRD), landscape aggregation (AI, CONTAG, and PD), and landscape area (TA). Conclusions: The overall forest fire spread hazard in the mountainous district of Beijing showed a gradual increase from plains to mountainous areas. The land types of the high-spread hazard subcompartment mainly included general shrubbery and coniferous forestlands, and the dominant species in the high-spread hazard arbor forest subcompartment were mainly Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabuliformis, and Quercus mongolica.

EV BMS With Temperature and Fire Protection

The rising reception of electric vehicles (EVs) has featured the significance of creating progressed battery the board frameworks (BMS) that focus on security and effectiveness. This theoretical presents an outline of the most recent headways in EV BMS innovation, explicitly zeroing in on temperature and fire security highlights. Temperature the executives assumes a basic part in guaranteeing the ideal presentation and life span of battery frameworks. EV BMS with cutting edge temperature checking and control abilities are intended to moderate the gamble of overheating and warm out of control. These frameworks integrate complex sensors and calculations to constantly screen the battery’s temperature and manage it inside safe cutoff points. Fire assurance is one more significant part of EV BMS plan. Lithium-particle batteries, generally utilized in EVs, are vulnerable to warm out of control occasions that can prompt flames or blasts.

Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot Using Arduino

A fire outbreak is a hazardous act that leads to numerous consequences. Detecting a fire at an early stage and extinguishing it can aid in prevention of various accidents. Till now we rely on human resource. This often leads to risking the life of that person. Therefore, fire security becomes an important aspect to save human lives. In this a fire extinguishing robot has been proposed and designed which detects the fire location and extinguish fire by using sprinklers on triggering the pump. This robot uses flame sensors for accurate fire detection. This proposed model of Fire Extinguishing Robot using Arduino used to detect presence of fire and extinguishing it automatically without any human interference. It contains gear motors and motor driver to control the movement of robot when it detects any presence of fire and will automatically start the water pump to extinguish that fire breakout. This model robot has a water ejector which is capable of ejecting water at the fire breakout place. The water ejector pipe can be move towards the required direction using servo motor. The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO. Fire-fighting is an important but dangerous occupation. A fire-fighter must be able to reach the situation quickly and safely extinguish the fire, preventing further damage and reduce fatalities. Technology has come to rescue this issue, fire-fighters and machines are now having more efficient and effective method of fire fighting. This is gives you the design idea of fire fighting robot using autonomous operation. The robotic vehicle is loaded with fire extinguisher and a water pump which is controlled over solenoid valve to throw water. An Arduino UNO is a is used for the desired operation. A water tank and fire extinguisher setup along with water pump is mounted on the robot body and its operation is carried out from the output through appropriate signal from the sensor. The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO.

Fire Extinguisher Robot

Abstract: A fire outbreak is a hazardous act that leads to numerous consequences. Detecting a fire at an early stage and extinguishing it can aid in prevention of various accidents. Till now we rely on human resource. This often leads to risking the life of that person. Therefore, fire security becomes an important aspect to save human lives. In this paper a fire extinguishing robot has been proposed and designed which detects the fire location and extinguish fire by using sprinklers on triggering the pump. This robot uses three flame sensors for accurate fire detection. This proposed model of Fire Extinguishing Robot using Arduino used to detect presence of fire and extinguishing it automatically without any human interference. It contains gear motors and motor driver to control the movement of robot when it detects any presence of fire and will automatically start the water pump to extinguish that fire breakout. This model robot has a water ejector which is capable of ejecting water at the fire breakout place. The water ejector pipe can be move towards the required direction using servo motor. The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO micro-controller. Keywords: Arduino UNO, Flame sensor, Motor driver

Fire Fighting Robotic Machine

Afire outbreak is a hazardous act that leads to numerous consequences. Detecting a fire at an early stage and extinguishing it can aid in prevention of various accidents. Till now we rely on human resource. This often leads to risking the life of that person. Therefore, fire security becomes an important aspect to save human lives. In this paper a fire extinguishing robot has been proposed and designed which detects the fire location and extinguish fire by using sprinklers on triggering the pump. This robot uses three flame sensors for accurate fire detection. This proposed model of Fire Extinguishing Robot using Arduino used to detect presence of fire and extinguishing it automatically without any human interference. It contains gear motors and motor driver to control the movement of robot when it detects any presence of fire and will automatically start the water pump to extinguish that fire breakout. This model robot has a water ejector which is capable of ejecting water at the fire breakout place. The water ejector pipe can be move towards the required direction using servo motor. The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO micro-controller.

Review Paper on Arduino Based Fire Fighting Robot

Abstract: A fire outbreak is a hazardous act that leads to numerous consequences. Detecting a fire at an early stage and extinguishing it can aid in prevention of various accident. Till now we rely on human resource. This often leads to risking the life of that person . Therefore, fire security becomes an important aspect to save human lives. In this paper a fire extinguishing robot has been proposed and designed which detects the fire location and extinguish fire by using sprinkler on triggering the pump. This robot uses three flame sensors for accurate fire detection. This proposed model of Fire Extinguishing Robot using Arduino used to detect presence of fire and extinguishing it automatically without any human interference. It contains gear motors and motor driver to control the movement of robot when it detects any presence of fire and will automatically start the water pump to extinguish that fire breakout. This model robot has a water ejector which is capable of ejecting water at the fire breakout place. The water ejector pipe can be move towards the required direction using servo motor .The whole operation is controlled by an Arduino UNO micro controller. Keywords: Arduino UNO, Flame sensor, motor driver, water pump.

Intelligent Substation Integrated Power Supply Research

As a necessary power source for substations and other important power-using places, substation power supply system provides working power for important loads such as control devices, relay protection, communication equipment and fire security systems. This paper addresses the problems of low operation efficiency, high human resource consumption and insufficient safety guarantee of the traditional power supply system, and proposes a solution for the integration of AC and DC in intelligent substations, which realizes the integration, intelligence and networking of the power supply system, improves the overall management level of the power supply system and the continuity of power supply, and has certain reference value for the design and application of the integrated power supply system in the future.

A Hybrid Fire Warning Model Based on Cellular Automata

The rapid development of cities and the increasing complexity of its internal structure have led to pressing fire security problems, which calls for an effective and accurate comprehensive fire warning model. Most existing fire warning models predict only for a single fire scenario and can hardly balance the speed and accuracy in their predictions, which are not suitable for large-scale scenarios with complex structures. This paper proposes a fire warning model that includes both forest and building area based on Cellular Automata. Experimental areas were established to simulate fire warning according to the proposed hybrid model. The experimental results have shown that the model can quickly and accurately simulate the fire spread process and provide effective support for emergency decision-making in complex scenarios.

Impact of Social Forestry Program Forest Partnership Scheme on Forest Sustainability and Forest Farmer Income

One of the Government's efforts to create a prosperous society, sustainable forests, and maintained food security in Indonesia is the issuance of Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 83/2016, Concerning Social Forestry. Social Forestry (Social Forestry) is a system in the management of forest resources in state and private forests by involving communities around the forest as the main actors in forest management. This research is conducting to determine the impact of the Forestry Partnership Scheme Social Forestry Program on forest conservation and forest farmer income. The Social Forestry Program has a good impact on forest sustainability and the income of forest farmers. In 2017-2019 the high level of involvement of LMDH and farmers can support the success of crops with a value of 90-97% or tremendous growth, for overcoming forest and fire security disturbances. In 2019, the involvement of Farmers and LMDH was very high in 6 times a year, supporting the small number of forest security disturbances that only occurred four times with a loss of only Rp. 7,012,000, and can reduce the area of forest fires from 17 Ha to 4 Ha. In the income sector, through the PS program of the forestry partnership scheme, the average net income of farmers in a year is Rp. 324,950,000 or 62.5% of the total gain and Rp. 195.510.00 or 37.5% obtained from other sources of income (livestock, trading, and other jobs).

Fire Risk Assessment in an Educational Environment using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME)

Background and Aim: This study tries to assess the risk level of fire in an educational environment by FRAME software in a practical method. Then, some effective strategies were proposed to reduce the risk level of fire and secure the environment as much as possible.
 Methods: In this practical study, the fire risk assessment was carried out in an educational environment by Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME) ؛ this risk assessment was done in three sections including building and contents, residents and activities. It was tried to gain the highest fire security for the educational environment by using practical and logical control measures. Required data was gathered by studying and monitoring the situation, observation, interview, referring to available documents and measuring some parameters, regulatory inventory and checklist according to the requirements of the FRAME executive instruction. The calculation was done by FRAME software.
 Results: The results showed the risk levels of fire for the educational environment were unacceptable in residents (R=2.7) and activities (R=3.8) sections; although some parts such as laboratories, libraries and partitioning parts in the building section had a high-risk level (R> 1). Some preventive measures were recommended for reducing the risk level of fire and improving the security of situation by considering some effective factors؛ the results showed a significant reduction in the risk level of fire in all three sections within the acceptable level (R< 1).
 Conclusion: The results showed that the FRAME method can assess and determine the quantity of risk level and provide suitable controlling methods to improve the security of fire in the educational environment by considering the opportunities and challenges of the existing environment.

Combustion behavior and fire security of storage grains before and after mildew

Storage grains before and after mildew are first subjected to thermal radiation experiments under different heat radiant flux conditions using a cone calorimeter. The chemical constitution, morphology, operational taxonomic unit analysis, and the degree of mildew of four disaggregated storage grains under the same proceeding conditions are studied. Normal grain and mildewed grain are significantly different in terms of the mounts and species of mold. The peak heat release rate and the total heat release of mildewed grains are higher than that of normal grains. Under different heat radiations, the fire performance index of mildewed grains tends to be lower than that of normal samples, while the fire growth index value is just the opposite. The higher the heat radiation, the less the effect of mold on the fire performance index difference. Besides, the reciprocal of the square root time of sample ignition has a linear relationship with the heat flux.

Simulation modeling of the smart city system: The concept, methods, and cases

Subject. The research investigates key processes of urban life and its maintenance, including food supply, infrastructure, fire security, quality and accessibility of medical services, etc. The article also discusses the creation of a system supporting the Smart City decision-making process. Objectives. The research develops methods and tools to manage the Smart City system through system dynamics and agent-based modeling. Methods. Using simulation modeling, namely system dynamics and agent-based modeling (supported via Powersim and AnyLogic), we evaluate how multiple guiding parameters influence crucial characteristics of the Smart City system. Results. We devised an approach to designing the Smart City system through methods of system dynamics and agent-based modeling (supported via Powersim and AnyLogic) intended to streamline the decision making process for reasonable urban planning. Conclusions and Relevance. We propose the consolidated architecture of the Smart City decision-making system integrating the simulation models, data storage and city monitoring subsystem. The article describes the cases of simulation models implemented via Powersim and AnyLogic to support rational urban planning. The simulation models will significantly improve the quality of urban environment, satisfy the demand for food products, provide access to healthcare services and ensure effective rescue actions in case of emergency.

Transforming a Building to Prevent Risks: the Case of the National and University Library Strasbourg (France)

Built between 1889 and 1895, internally fully transformed in the 1950s, the main building of the National and University Library Strasbourg was in 2004 diagnosed with a major potential risk. In case of a fire, the whole building would collapse and destroy all its remarkable collections in less than 15 minutes. Still traumatised by the complete destruction of the Strasbourg library in 1870, local, regional and national authorities decided to create a fully new and safe library within the original walls of this historical building, one of the architectural landmarks of the city. Between 2010 and 2014, four years of moving collections away and in again, of destructing all inner structures, of building new spaces for the users and for the collections, have led to one of the most beautiful libraries in France, joining original elements to modern facilities. Preventing risk was the core of the decision to launch this 65M€ project. The new library now responds to antisismic norms, has a relatively good inner climate stability due to new windows completing restored original ones, has climate control in all stacks and special fire security measures in two historical ones, even has a cold room for storing photographic documents. Cost issues were dealt with from the beginning, leading to some compromises on climate control. All stacks are free from any water pipe, smoke evacuation facilities have not been forgotten, and exhibition areas respond to all official norms. Four and a half years after the completion of the project, it is possible to draw an assessment of its successes and shortcomings. If the overall situation is nowhere close to comparable to what it was before, communication issues, compromises to reduce the costs, constraints of the original building, but also things not as well planned as they should have been, have however impacted the final result. And new themes have appeared since, linked to sustainable development and — very sadly — to security against terroristic acts, that had not been so actual 15 years ago and need to be addressed today. The improvement of the building is a continuous process that is included in the institution’s strategy; reducing risks still is an essential part of it.

Construction of Landscape Fire Security Patterns for Minority Settlements: a case study of reconstruction plan of Xiaozhai village in Guangxi

Minority settlements have good local landscape features and rich cultural heritage. However, due to complex geographical conditions and lagging economic development, there are many potential security threats in their human settlements. Based on the landscape ecological security pattern theory, aiming at eliminating the practical dilemma of frequent fires and difficult rescue in mountainous settlements in southwestern China, this paper proposes a planning idea to improve the settlement environment’s own disaster resilience and ecological endurance ability through the adjustment of landscape pattern. Taking the reconstruction planning and design of Xiaozhai Village in Longji of Guangxi province as an example, based on the geographical structure and resource characteristics of the village, a four-in-one landscape fire security pattern for mountain settlement is constructed, including building group, road evacuation system, natural fire protection network of water system and biological fire protection forest belt. The study provides a reference for the protection, renewal and re-planning of minority settlement.

Automatic fire fighting robot with notification

In real life, fire accidents can happen anytime and anywhere that usually hardly controllable. Fire accidents can damage the buildings, kill human and may cause unpredictable losses. In addition, death not only due to the fire but also from smoke inhalation and toxic gases. Therefore the fire security is important to human life. Note that the human is difficult to detect the fire in the location that is hard to reach or see by a human. Moreover, the human also may take a lot of time to extinguish fire due to the fact that finding a water source can be troublesome. Therefore, an automatic firefighting robot has been designed and proposed in this study. This robot used 3 flame sensors to detect the fire. It also equipped with 3 ultrasonic sensors for obstacle avoiding which protecting the robot and the internal components from any obstacles. Each sensor on the robot is controlled by the Arduino. Apart from the sensors, the robot is also equipped with the water tank that provides water once the fire is detected. The robot will move randomly in the room when the power is on. When the flame sensors detected the fire, the robot will move to the fire source and send a warning message to the user. Once the robot reached the burning area, it will stop at a certain distance and extinguish the fire by using water.

GSM Based Fire Security System

GSM Based Fire Security System