Fire Safety Management System Research Articles

Smart Fire Safety Management System (SFSMS) Connected with Energy Management for Sustainable Service in Smart Building Infrastructures

The scale of human accidents and the resultant damage has increased due to recent large-scale urban (building) fires, meaning there is a need to devise an effective strategy for urban disasters. In the event of a fire, it is difficult to evacuate in the early stages due to the loss of detection function, difficulty in securing visibility, and confusion over evacuation routes. Accordingly, for rapid evacuation and rescue, it is necessary to build a city-level fire safety service and digital system based on smart technology. In addition, both forest and building fires emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, which is the main cause of global warming. Therefore, we need to prepare both energy and fire management to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030. In this study, we developed an AI-based smart fire safety system for efficient urban integrated management using a city-based fire safety architecture. In addition, we designed a fire management infrastructure and an energy management system for buildings. The proposal was demonstrated by building a test bed in the A building, and the AR-based mobile/web application was tested for optimized evacuation management. Furthermore, AI-based fire detection and the optimal evacuation of occupants were implemented through deep learning-based fire information data analysis. As a result, this paper presents four points for safety and energy management, and we demonstrate that the optimization of occupant evacuation ability and energy saving can be achieved. We also analyze the efficiency of the data transfer rate to prevent data communication delays by using Virtual Edge Gateway (VEG) management. In the future, we expect that the appearance of future fire and energy management buildings through this research will produce more accurate data prediction technology and the development of cutting-edge smart technology in smart city infrastructures.

Platform Development of BIM-Based Fire Safety Management System Considering the Construction Site

Fire at a construction site usually results in serious accidents. Therefore, fire management at the construction site is critical to decreasing possible accidents. However, conventional fire safety management can be problematic in many aspects, such as visualization, multi-stage alarm systems, and dynamic escape route optimization. To solve these issues, this paper develops a platform for a BIM-based fire safety management system that considers the construction site. The developed platform contains four subsystems: a remote monitoring subsystem, a fire visualization subsystem, a multi-stage fire alarm subsystem, and an escape route optimization subsystem. It detects the fire hazard in the early stage of the fire by the remote monitoring subsystem and transmits this information to the fire visualization subsystem for displaying. Furthermore, the multi-stage fire alarm subsystem sends warnings or alarms based on the fire’s severity. Moreover, the escape route optimization subsystem dynamically optimizes the evacuation routes by considering the actual number of people at the construction site and the potential crowding as people pass through the escapeway. Results show that this system can provide informative and on-time fire protection measures to different participants at the construction site. This study can also serve as a solution to improve fire safety management at the construction site.

An IoT-based Fire Safety Management System for Educational Buildings: A Case Study

Safety is a serious concern that should be addressed carefully in different locations including homes, workplaces and educational buildings. The risk of fire is the most significant threat in many educational facilities such as schools, universities, offices, etc. The main goal of this work is developing an effective system that allows early managing of fires to avoid material and human losses. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the implementation of such system became possible. A low-cost system incorporating IoT sensors is constructed in this study to collect data (heat, the number of people at the fire scene, ...) in real time. The system provides a control panel that displays readings from all sensors on a single web page. When the collected values exceed a particular threshold, the system sends a message to the building keeper’s phone, allowing him to notify the authorities or dispatch firemen in real time. One of the system’s most important characteristics is that it keeps track of how many people are at the fire scene, simplifying the evacuation process and allowing civil defense authorities to efficiently manage resources. The system has been successfully tested in a variety of circumstances in an educational building (Al-Faisaliah female campus, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia).

A Study on the Development of a Fire Safety Management System Model for Critical Risk Factors Assessment in a Construction Site

In this study, the authors developed a fire safety management system model for critical risk factor assessment in construction sites according to the National Fire Protection Association code Fire Safety Concepts Tree (FSCT). First, the fire statistics and heavy casualties were analyzed, and the critical risk factors as associated with the key causes of fire incident and break out and life-threatening damages were derived. Furthermore, the related laws and regulations were analyzed, and the actual conditions and problems of fire safety management were noted. Next, according to the basic structure of the FSCT, a differentiated strategy was presented to reflect the characteristics of the construction site by dividing it into fire prevention and extinguishing and evacuation management. In addition, the fire safety management personnel were proposed to be assigned for thorough site inspection and management. This model was developed to improve and reinforce the current challenges in fire safety management. In the future, legislators of the construction work, project managers, site managers, supervisors, workers, etc. would use this model as a tool to understand and practice the roles and interrelationships of fire safety strategies more systematically.

Visual analysis of fire safety research from January 2015 to September 2020

In this paper, bibliometrics and visual analysis are used to analyze the fire safety related literature with the theme of “fire protection” and “safety” by CiteSpace software. The quality of fire safety management in China could be improved through the understanding of fire safety prominent risk and fire safety research hotspots. After searching, screening and exporting 2900 fire safety related literatures from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CiteSpace software was used to analyze the data exported from CNKI, and four kinds of visual maps including keywords, emergent words, authors and institutions were drawn. The atlas intuitively shows that the research hotspots from January 2015 to September 2020 are mainly focused on fire safety, countermeasures, high-rise buildings, fire hazards and so on. Many excellent authoritative authors have published articles, and different institutions have cooperated with each other, but the overall contact is less. Based on the overall situation, the investigation and treatment of fire hazards still need to be carried out in depth, and the fire safety management system needs to be further implemented.

소방안전 전문가 델파이 분석을 통한 공동주택 소방안전관리체계 도출

본 연구의 목적은 공동주택의 효율적인 소방안전관리체계를 도출하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구 방법은 공동주택의 화재에 관한 선행연구 및 사례분석, 소방안전분야 전문가 집단을 대상으로 한 델파이조사이다. 델파이조사를 통해 도출된 공동주택의 소방안전관리체계는 발화(출화)방지 및 초기소화활동, 연소확대 방지 활동, 연기제어활동, 대피활동, 소화활동 및 예방활동의 5단계로 도출되었다. 연구결과를 구체적으로 살펴보면, 발화방지 및 초기소화에는 7개의 하위항목, 연소확대 방지에는 7개의 하위항목, 연기제어에는 3개의 하위항목, 대피에는 6개의 하위항목, 소화활동 및 예방에는 6개의 하위항목이 도출되어 총 29개의 세부항목을 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 과거 단편적으로 존재하던 주요문서에 대한 기록과 비상계획을 문서화할 수 있어 공동주택 입주민의 안전과 재산을 통합적이고 안정적으로 관리할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

An algorithm for determining the state of a non-stationary dynamic system for assessing fire safety control in an enterprise by the method of integrated indicators

Analysis of the scientific literature showed that a lot of work is devoted to assessing the effectiveness of fire safety management in an enterprise. It is worth noting that today there is no universal method for the integrated assessment of fire safety management, taking into account the interconnectedness of all enterprise subsystems and the influence of environmental factors. One of the original approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the fire safety management system is the method of integral indicators. The method of integral indicators is used in the algorithm for analyzing the state of a dynamic non-stationary system for assessing fire safety management in an enterprise. The algorithm is implemented in the author’s complex of programs described in the text of the article. In the simulation, an analysis of 1.2 million values is performed on a well-studied economic object with the spaces identified at each time step: actual data, control and environmental parameters. In the experiment, the basic mode of operation of the enterprise does not contain the implementation of a fire safety management strategy. The research showed significant changes in the values of the integral indicator characterizing the state of the enterprise during the implementation of the fire safety management system at the enterprise.

НОРМАТИВНО-ТЕХНІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАХИСНОЇ ДІЇ ФІЛЬТРІВ-ПОГЛИНАЧІВ, ЩО ЗАСТОСОВУЮТЬСЯ ДЛЯ КОЛЕКТИВНОГО ЗАХИСТУ

Проаналізовано нормативні документи щодо фільтрів-поглиначів, що застосовуються для колективного захисту. Вивчено вимоги до захисної дії та методи її визначення. Означено нормативні документи, які дають комплексну оцінку захисній дії фільтра-поглинача на основі проведення випробувань з визначення поглинальної здатності (адсорбції), фізичних та хімічних характеристик імпрегнованого активованого вугілля. Порівняльний аналіз нормативних документів виявив низку розбіжностей між чинним нормативним документом України та документами інших країн. Показана необхідність розроблення нормативного документу щодо захисної дії фільтрів-поглиначів з врахуванням аспектів міжнародних документів у цьому питанні.

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПОЖЕЖНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ ОБ’ЄКТА ЗАХИСТУ

Наведені результати досліджень щодо обґрунтування загальних положень системи управління пожежною безпекою об’єкта захисту. Вперше встановлено низку термінів та визначень понять, які характеризують та конкретизують окремі елементи системи управління пожежною безпекою об’єкта. Показано недосконалість існуючих підходів щодо наявних організаційних заходів забезпечення пожежної безпеки на об’єкті захисту. Наведено вітчизняний та зарубіжний досвід щодо ефективної реалізації управлінського впливу за допомогою управлінських рішень суб’єктів управління об’єкта захисту, що дозволяє реалізовувати на об’єктах різного функціонального призначення організаційні вимоги та технічні вимоги до системи запобігання пожежі та комплексу протипожежного захисту. В результаті проведених досліджень розроблено організаційну структуру системи управління пожежною безпекою об’єкта та встановлені вимоги щодо її функціонування та алгоритму управління.

Fire Safety Protection and Prevention Measures in Nigeria Office Buildings

office buildings are generally known to have high-rise of fire due to its complexity, combustible materials, and its economic value. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the fire safety protection and prevention system installed in six randomly selected office buildings. The method adopted in achieving the study objective includes literature review, interview, and physical inspection/observation. Thus, a multiattribute evaluation approach was adopted to establish adequate, inadequate, and no fire safety systems, used the pre-designed checklist from NFPA, 2008, NBC, 2006, and NFSC, 2013. The analysis of the result shows that some of the fire safety systems are mainly provided in the buildings. Thus, inadequate maintenance affect their performance greatly; the result shows that fire extinguisher has the highest performance among the fire safety system provided with 66.6% of the buildings have adequate, good working condition, properly position, etc., while 33.4% of the building does not have adequate fire extinguisher in term of performance, are not maintenance the system display lack in term of total compliance to the standard fire regulation. The results of the other systems were as follows: place of safety (33.4%); inadequate, (66.4%) no fire safety system, (0.00%) adequate, Escape Stair (0.00%), adequate, (33.4%) inadequate, (66.6%), no fire safety system, Fire Door (17%) adequate, (83%) inadequate (0.00%) no fire safety system, Travel distance (0.00%) adequate, (83%) inadequate, (17%) no fire system, Emergency lighting (0.00%) adequate, (100%) inadequate, (0.00%) no fire safety system, Fire Alarm (16.6%) adequate (66.6%) inadequate, (16.6%) no fire safety system. The firefighters access (0.00%) adequate, (100%) inadequate, (0.00%) no fire safety system, Artificial lighting (17%) adequate, (83%) inadequate and (0.00%) no fire safety system. Judging from the findings, the study recommended that, regular maintenance of fire safety system should be done to enhance effective functionality of the systems, effective fire safety management system should be developed to enhance continuous functions of the installed system and construction of any office building should be made to comply strictly with existing fire safety regulation, standard, and code.

Improvements to a Fire Safety Management System

Abstract The statistics invariably show that most onboard fires originate in the engine room. In hazardous conditions, fires can spread to other rooms of the ship and cause the loss of human life, and can cause the ship to be out of service or lost completely. To prevent these serious consequences, the engine room crew should be aware of hazards and ways to prevent them. It is also advisable to support their routine activities and actions in critical situations with an appropriate management system. For this reason, a survey was conducted at the beginning of 2019 of engine room crew members employed by a European shipowner, as a contribution to an analysis of fire safety management. Based on the results of the survey, some of the elements of the fire safety management system of the ship engine room are described. A properly constructed system that is understandable and accepted by the crew is one of the most important factors in increasing fire safety on a ship. Familiarisation with adequate procedures can significantly contribute to the successful prevention of accidents. This paper also proposes a checklist based on suggestions by the crew, which may be helpful in onboard fire prevention.

The role of the fire safety management in providing a guarantee of a fire protection: The case of Graha Rektorat building of State University of Malang

The safety of building’s occupants is one of the most important things that should be considered in the design and construction process of a building. The provision of a reliable fire protection system could be the best way to provide a guarantee for fire safety. However, in a high-rise building, the evacuation process could be a problem when the occupants do not really understand about the evacuation procedure. Thus, a good fire safety management system is also needed to ensure that both the fire protection system and the evacuation procedure could run well when the accident happen. Through observation, documents review, and interview with the member of fire protection management as well as the building’s occupants, this paper intends to assess the fire safety management organisation and its role to support the fire safety protection system of the 9th-floor building of Graha Rektorat of the State University of Malang. The assessment conducted will be based on regulation of the Ministry of Public Works no. 29/PRT/2006 on the fire safety protection and evacuation. It was found that the organisation of the fire safety management of the Graha Rektorat building is need to be optimized to meet the requirement of the regulation of the Ministry of Public Works no. 29/PRT/2006 as to serve a better support for the fire safety protection system in that building.

스마트 공동주택의 소방안전관리체계 개선에 관한 연구: 서울시 오류동 소재 P아파트를 중심으로

본 연구는 공동주택의 소방안전관리체계 개선방안을 모색하기 위해 실시되었다. 본 연구의 연구방법은 문헌연구, 사례분석, 인식조사로 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 공동주택 사례분석과 화재사례의 빈도조사, 전문가 설문조사를 통해 공동주택의 소방안전 관리체계를 발화(출호)방지 및 초기소화활동, 연소확대 방지 활동, 연기제어활동, 대피활동, 소화활동 및 예방활동로 구성하였다. 이러한 소방안전관리체계를 서울시 P아파트에 적용한 후 입주민의 인식을 조사한 결과 85%가 좋다고 응답하였다. 본 연구는 구체적인 소방안전관리체계를 제시하였다는 점에 의의가 있으며, 이를 실행하기 위해 현 소방법규를 재정 및 개정할 필요가 있음을 시사하였다. 이어 후속연구에 대해 제언하였다.

Risk-based automated system for prediction of fire safety in railway facilities

Aim.The development of the Russian railway industry is associated with the growing number of operated buildings, rolling stock, more complex business processes of infrastructure maintenance and client service. In this context, JSC Russian Railways (JSC RZD) needs to manage the fire safety of more than ten thousand units of traction rolling stock and hundreds of buildings, where potential fires may cause harm to passengers or interruption of service. Fire safety management of both fixed and mobile railway facilities is performed at all lifecycle stages from design to disposal. Implementing the processes of fire safety diagnostics and prediction requires the development of a man-machine system whose core would be an automated fire risk control system (ACS) that allows – basedon the fire risk prediction – makingdecisions regarding the requirement for the repairs, replacement or maintenance of railway facilities and fire safety systems. Methods.The methods of the automatic control theory, expert assessment were used. The study aimed to develop an algorithm of automated auditing of railway facilities fire safety. Results.It is established that the majority fire safety control systems use gas concentration sensors to detect symptoms of hazard before flame development. This approach is hardly effective in terms of fire safety of railway facilities. For railway facilities whose actual state has an effect on the probability of fire a fire audit algorithm was developed that is based on the existing service and repair system, as well as statistical data on the states of railway facilities that precede fire. In order to enable systematic risk management measures in a large number of railway facilities, the paper proposes the structure of an automated fire risks management system that includes a fire safety management center and a mobile hardware and software system for fire safety auditing. Conclusions. It shows the importance of developing a proactive fire safety management system based on fire risk assessment. It was identified that information on the states preceding fires in railway facilities can be obtained from both the existing automated failure reporting and risk assessment systems and the diagnostic results of the actual state of objects as part of scheduled preventive maintenance. A method of automated assessment of fire hazard is proposed for systematic management of fire risks in many railway facilities.

Research on Fire Safety Management System in Colleges and Universities

The smooth implementation of the fire safety management system in colleges and universities can not only further regulate the fire safety management of colleges and universities, but also prevent and reduce fire hazards and ensure the safety of life and property of teachers, students and employees in higher education institutions. This paper starts with the current situation of fire safety management in colleges and universities, combined with the laws and regulations of the Higher Education Institutions of Higher Education. The paper introduces the key points of the construction of fire safety management system in colleges and universities, and makes a simple exploration of the fire safety management system of colleges and universities from the aspects of innovative safety publicity and education mode, perfecting safety management platform and strengthening enforcement control.

Пути и способы повышения эффективности осуществления государственного пожарного надзора

На основании проведенного анализа действующих нормативных правовых актов предложены основополагающие принципы и перспективные направления развития в области контрольной (надзорной) деятельности по обеспечению пожарной безопасности на период 2018–2040 гг. Предполагается, что их реализация позволит перейти от контроля и надзора к системе управления пожарной безопасностью на государственном уровне.

Fire Safety Management System for Heritage Buildings in Malaysia

Fire is one of the horrific events that could lead to death and total destruction of buildings. Many great buildings were lost on fire. Many towns and cities were rebuilt because of great fires. Heritage buildings are recognized as over 50 years of age and built with distinct architectural features of its time. Nonetheless, these buildings present a great risk as it is often not well prepared for current fire hazard. This paper reviews the fire safety management system for heritage buildings in Malaysia based on selected research carried out.

An analysis of the emergency response system of the 1996 Channel tunnel fire

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the ‘emergency response system’ at the time of the 1996 Channel tunnel fire accident. In particular, the analysis focuses on the events that unfolded once the incident train had stopped; i.e., the evacuation of the passengers and the train crew. The approach has been the use of a ‘Tunnel Fire Safety Management System’ (‘TFSMS’) Model as a ‘template’ for comparison with the ‘emergency system’ in place at the time. In particular, responding to the following question being addressed: could the time of evacuation of the incident train crew and passengers be less that the time it took? The answer is Yes. Some relevant findings associated with the deficiencies in the existing 'system' have been highlighted by the model.

An analysis of the 1996 Channel Tunnel fire

On 18 November 1996, a fire on Heavy Goods Vehicle shuttle No. ‘7539’, travelling from France to England, forced the train to stop at about 19 km from the French entrance. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the accident. The analysis covers the incident train’s journey from the French terminal until it stopped in-tunnel only. The approach has been to use a tunnel fire safety management system model as a ‘template’ for comparison with the ‘system’ at the time of the tunnel fire. Some findings have been highlighted. The model is intended to represent a ‘systemic’ approach to tunnel fire safety management.

U-건물 화재안전관리 시스템 개발

Ubiquitous computer technology (U technology) is continually, and the trend is moving towards the miniaturization of devices, cost reduction, performance enhancement, and intelligence. It is important to improve fire safety system by the application of advanced IT technologies. In this study, a vulnerable point in fire safety was selected for improvement by U technology. The structure of the whole system and a unit system was were designed. This system is divided into 5 parts: the U-fire protection facility management system, the U-fire safety information system, the U-fire safety education system, the U-fire response system, and the U-wide area fire safety management system. The prototype system was constructed in a real building to confirm the applicability of the system.