Fire Cracker Research Articles

Pair mean cordial labeling of udukkai, octopus, drum and fire cracker graphs

In this paper, we investigate the pair mean cordial labeling behavior of udukkai graph, octopus graph, double wheel graph, barbell graph, drum graph, vanessa graph and fire cracker graph.

ON SOME SPECIAL TREES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONNECTED METRIC DIMENSION OF GRAPHS

The idea of a minimal resolving set has been used in a variety of contexts, including coin weighing, mastermind games, robot navigation, networking, and optimization. An NP-complete problem is determining the connected metric dimension of a given graph. In this study, we determine the exact value of the connected metric dimension for a number of trees, including Y-tree network, subdivision of Y-tree network, F-tree network, a subdivision of the F-tree network and the coconut network . Finally, we derive the explicit formulas for the subdivision of the -fire cracker and the subdivision of the coconut tree .

Growth of surfactant-free Au-Co bimetallic atom-bomb cracker-like microstructures: A highly active morphological dependent hybrid electrocatalyst for dioxygen reduction

This paper reports the formation of atom-bomb fire cracker (ABC) like Au-Co heterostructures by attaching folic acid-capped AuNPs (FA-AuNPs) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode followed by cobalt electrodeposition. The characteristic absorption band at 516 nm from the UV–visible spectrum confirms the AuNPs formation and their average size was ∼6 nm as evidenced from HR-TEM. The AuNPs were then assembled on a GC electrode via 1,6-hexadiamine linker followed by the electrodeposition of Co at various applied potentials and time. XPS spectra of Au-Co clearly revealed the zero valent nature of Au and Co and Co2+ in the bimetallic assembly. The SEM results exhibited the variations in the morphology of Au-Co with respect to the applied potential and time. It was found that the deposition of Co at -0.50 V for 600 s leads to the formation of ABC-like structure only at FA-AuNPs surface. The specific atom-bomb morphology of Au-Co was not obtained at bare GC and citrate-capped AuNPs surfaces, indicating the influence of FA-AuNPs. The Au-Co showed higher electrocatalytic activity towards dioxygen reduction by shifting the onset potential by 230 and 280 mV towards zero respectively than Co and AuNPs alone. The Koutecky-Levich plot confirms the four-electron transfer mechanism of oxygen reduction at Au-Co fabricated electrode.

Management of a 10-year-old boy's maxillofacial injury caused by an exploding fire cracker: A rare case report

Management of a 10-year-old boy's maxillofacial injury caused by an exploding fire cracker: A rare case report

Forensic significance of perforation pattern in polycarbonate sheet against 9 × 19 mm projectile

Polycarbonate is widely used as structural material due to its extreme resistance to impact and perforation. In a crime involving firearms, the bullet may impact various objects fitted with or made of polycarbonate sheets leaving high chances of discovering the fractured PC sheets and fragments at the scene of crime; hence, these objects may become objects of the criminal investigation. In the present work the perforation pattern of PC sheets of thicknesses 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm at firing ranges 5 m and 10 m when impacted against 9 ×19 mm full metal jacket (FMJ) bullet were examined. It was observed that after impact, the PC sheet develops entry hole smaller than the calibre of bullet; formation of crack zone, plastic zone; and petalling on the distal face was observed. It was found that as the thickness of the sheet increases, the diameter of the entry hole increases, the diameter of the exit hole initially increases and then becomes constant. At 5 m range of fire the trend of crack zone becomes nearly constant from 8 mm to 15 mm thickness, however, at 10 m range of fire crack zone increases from 8 mm to 15 mm thickness. Furthermore, the diameter of the plastic zone increases as the thickness of the sheet increases (from 8 mm to 15 mm, respectively).

A Case of Berlin’s Edema after Fire Cracker Injury

A 22 year old medical student presented in ophthalmic out patient department with fire cracker injury. On examination, hisright eye anterior segment was normal, and there was corneal edema with mild congestion in the left eye. Fundus examinationrevealed commotio retinae or Berlin’s edema in left eye. Ultrasonography B scan was normal and OCT revealed Berlin’s edemawith images of specific retinal layers affected by commotio retinae. The case report describes corneal edema and Berlin’s edemain detail. The case report also describes the importance of public awareness regarding the safe handling of firecrackers.

The Effect of Fire Cracker Burning on Ambient and Indoor PM2.5 Levels in Jodhpur City

The Effect of Fire Cracker Burning on Ambient and Indoor PM2.5 Levels in Jodhpur City

Template free synthesis of mesoporous carbon from fire cracker waste and designing of ZnO-Mesoporous carbon photocatalyst for dye (MO) degradation

The fire cracker waste materials are one of the reasons for environmental pollution and it’s very hazardous to human beings. Till today, not much attention has been given to its utility or recyclability. In the present work, we have first time reported the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNPs) by using cost-free fire cracker waste having black columnar fluffy “snake-like” carbon using simple chemical activation and calcination method. The desired Zinc oxide–mesoporous carbon (ZMC) nanocomposites have been synthesized by precipitation and calcination method. Synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV–vis DRS, BET, PL, SEM, EDS and TEM. The above prepared nanocomposites were explored for their photocatalytic test under UV light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation percentage of methyl orange (MO) dye using optimized Zinc oxide–mesoporous carbon-15 (ZMC15) nanocomposite reached 90 % after 120 min under UV light than the pristine ZnO. The cytotoxicity studies experimented on the gills of the freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala revealed that MO dye solution caused damage to gill architecture, whereas photodegraded dye solution was shown to be less toxic and did not modify the gill architecture structurally. These results demonstrated the importance of the desired material in concern with environmental issues.

Calculation Method of the Residual Bearing Capacities of Concrete T-Shaped Beams Considering the Effect of Fire Cracks

Calculation Method of the Residual Bearing Capacities of Concrete T-Shaped Beams Considering the Effect of Fire Cracks

Bilateral cyclodialysis cleft following fire cracker injury managed by combined exocyclopexy and silicone oil endotamponade - An interesting case report

Cyclodialysis creates a direct communication between the anterior chamber and suprachoroidal space leading to ocular hypotony probably caused by an increased uveoscleral outflow and hyposecretion of the ciliary body. The sequelae of cyclodialysis include chronic ocular hypotony, anterior chamber shallowing, cataract, choroidal effusions, retinal and choroidal folds, hypotonus maculopathy, and ultimately loss of vision. Cyclodialysis clefts are a relatively rare condition usually caused by severe ocular trauma, and hence, the surgical repair techniques in the literature are limited. We present a case of post-traumatic bilateral cyclodialysis cleft with a successful outcome following combined exocyclopexy and silicone oil endotamponade.

Caster roll failure prevention – Prognosis & diagnosis through monitoring system of machine cooling water circuit

Rourkela Steel Plant has two slab casters having soft water circuit for machine cooling. Each caster segments comprises of solid forged steel rolls with water-cooling hole in guide roll. Failure of these rolls due to thermal fatigue restricts the efficiency of continuous casting operation. The main reason for roll breakage due to thermal fatigue is the reduced volume of water through the internal cooling hole and allowing rolls operating temperature to increase. The magnitude of thermal stress is influenced by the external and internal roll cooling efficiency since it controls the magnitude of ΔT. Impairment of internal cooling efficiency can lead to development of fire cracks of the bore surface and finally leading to roll failure. To prevent the caster roll failure due to thermal fatigue as a sequel to impairment of internal water cooling efficiency, the need was to install a system for real time measurement of water flow, pressure and temperature of inlet and outlet water through these segments. A system for real-time measurement of these parameters was installed in the caster segment of Steel Melting Shop- Rourkela Steel Plant for prognosis and diagnosis of the impairment of the internal cooling water circuit. Through the various dashboards, it was possible to monitoring the inlet – outlet water flow rate, pressure difference and differential temperature. Diagnosis of the causes of the rise in differential temperature was made possible through the water flow rate and pressure indications in the dash board. Through the monitoring system for machine cooling water circuit it was possible to reduce the caster roll failure due to thermal fatigue through proper diagnosis and prognosis. The monitoring systems for machine cooling water circuit has been effectively used for preventing the failure of caster rolls due to reduced thermal stresses and improve the machine availability.

Self-Organized Liquid Crystal Droplets as Phototunable Softmasks.

A single-step self-organized pathway is harnessed to generate large-area and high-density liquid-crystal (LC) microdroplets via rapid spreading of an LC-laden volatile liquid film on an aqueous surfactant bath. The surfactant loading on the water bath and LC loading in the solvent fluid help in tuning the size, periodicity, and ordering of LC microdroplets. Remarkably, the experiments reveal a transition from a spinodal to heterogeneous nucleation pathway of dewetting when the surfactant loading is modulated from below to beyond the critical micellar concentration in the aqueous phase. In the process, a host of unprecedented drop formation modes, such as dewetting and contact-line instability, random ejection, and "fire cracker" toroid splitting, have been uncovered. Subsequently, the LC microdroplets on the air-water interface are employed as photomasks suitable for soft-photolithography applications. Such masks help in the decoration of a host of mesoscale three-dimensional features on the films of photoresists when photons are guided through the LC droplets. In such a scenario, phase transition of LC droplets under solvent vapor annealing is employed to control the movement of photons through drops and subsequently modulate the light exposure on the photoresist surface. Such a simple soft-photolithography setup leads to an array of flattened droplets on a positive resist, while donut features are observed on the negative tone. Remarkably, the orientation of nematogens within 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl droplets and at the three-phase contact-line provides additional handles in controlling the transmission of photons, which facilitates such a unique pattern formation. A number of low-cost and simple strategies are also discussed to order such soft-photolithography patterns. Importantly, with a minor modification to the same experimental setup, we could also measure the variation in the order parameter of the LC droplet during its phase transitions from the nematic to isotropic state.

Experimental Study on Feasibility of EG Gel Optimizing Mine Fire Control Technology

ABSTRACT In order to solve the problem that the fire extinguishing effect is not ideal due to the failure to achieve permanent filling in the existing mine spontaneous combustion fire control technology. We prepared a new fire extinguishing material—EG gel, which is expected to achieve permanent filling of fire cracks and reduce fire temperature. The amount of colloid and heat transfer material is initially determined by analyzing the cementing effect of the colloid and the expansion effect in the heat transfer state. Based on orthogonal experiments, the proportions of EG gel are determined when they have the best cementing effect and the best expansion effect. By building high temperature (around 700°C) and sub high temperature (around 400°C) physical model, and reference to grouting fire extinguishing technology. The filling and cooling effects of EG gels with different initial temperatures in the high and sub-high temperature models were examined. The results show that EG gel has more advantages than other fire prevention technologies. It is currently the only excellent fire extinguishing material that integrates cooling and permanent filling of the fire area fissures. It is expected to provide new ideas, new technologies, and new breakthroughs for the solution of space governance problems of semi-closed complex structures represented by the mine fire.

Perfection of Fe–C–Si–Мn–Сr–W–V system flux-cored wire composition for surfacing of hot rolling mill rollers by introducing titanium in it

Rollers for hot rolling mills are hardened by surfacing operation by flux-cored wire ПП-Нп-35В9Х3СФ due to GOST 26101–84. The deposited layer has a high resistivity against abrasion, but its thermal endurance is comparatively low, therefore rollers surfaced by this type of wire often failed because of formation of fire crack network and spalling. It was established that the structure nonuniformity of the deposited metal can be decreased by introducing of titanium into the flux-cored wire. The effect of introducing titanium into flux-cored wire of the Fe–C–Si–Мn–Сr–W–V system on the properties of the deposited layer has been studied. It was shown that metal structure with the addition of titanium represents martensite formed within the boundaries of the former austenite grain, a small amount of residual austenite in the form of separate areas and thin layers of δ-ferrite. The microstructure of the samples contains a carbide network. An increase in the titanium content in the deposited layer contributes to a decrease in the size of the martensite needles, as well as the size of the former austenite grain. The microstructure of the samples contains medium-acicular and fine-acicular martensite. The size of the martensite needles varies from 2 to 9 microns. It was established that introduction of titanium in the composition of the flux-cored wire in an amount of 0.02–0.13% increases the hardness of the deposited layer and reduces the abrasion of the samples.

A Jelly cyst - Keep your mind ticking.

Case An 8-year-old boy presented with diminution of vision in left eye (OS) following firecracker injury 3 days back. There were no previous ocular or systemic complaints. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in right eye (OD) and 20/120 OS. On examination, OD was within normal limits while OS upper and lower lid revealed burn marks due to fire-cracker injury [Fig. 1a]. Anterior segment evaluation revealed ciliary congestion, 4+ cells, dispersed hyphema, and dilated pupil with multiple sphincter tears. The crystalline lens was transparent and in normal position. Dispersed vitreous bleed precluded the visualization of retina. Ultrasonography revealed mild to moderate amplitude spikes in the vitreous cavity. In addition, a cystic structure with central hyperechoic area was seen [Fig. 1b]. Though the clinical features were suggestive of traumatic vitreous hemorrhage, ultrasonography image indicated the possibility of a parasitic cyst.Figure 1: Burns on the left eyelids following fire cracker injury (a). Ultrasonography showing cyst with central hyper echoic spot in the vitreous cavity (b). Ultrawide field imaging showing pigmented vitreous cyst and resolving vitreous hemorrhage (c)What is Your Next Step? Observation Conservative management with topical steroids and cycloplegic. Computed tomography (CT) scan of orbit and brain Pars-plana vitrectomy Findings The patient was managed conservatively with topical steroids and cycloplegics (B). At 1 week, BCVA in OS had improved to 20/20. Hyphema, and anterior chamber reaction was resolving. Dilated fundus examination revealed a pigmented cystic structure freely floating in the vitreous cavity along with resolving vitreous hemorrhage [Fig. 1c]. No undulating movements of the cyst were noted. The retinal periphery was normal. The patient was advised tapering of topical medication with regular follow-up. Diagnosis Pigmented congenital vitreous cyst. Correct Answer B. Discussion Congenital vitreous cysts (CVC) are usually identified on incidental examination or following trauma. Approximately 15 cases of free-floating cyst are described in literature but very few presented in childhood. Vitreous cysts can be congenital or acquired. Acquired cyst can develop after trauma. While trauma can trigger formation of a new cyst, it may also displace an already formed one.[1] CVCs are usually asymptomatic and they originate from the pigment epithelium of ciliary body. These cysts can be confused with cysticercosis and with melanoma especially if they are in posterior vitreous.[23] Ultrasound in cysticercosis shows a cystic structure with hyperechoic scolex lining internal surface. A similar appearance in our case led to suspicion of cysticercosis. As vitreous hemorrhage resolved, the pigmented appearance without any undulating movement suggested the diagnosis of CVC. This case highlights that the possibility of CVC should be kept in mind in such a clinical scenario. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Screening Inspection of Fire Crack in Wall Tubes by Eddy Current

Screening Inspection of Fire Crack in Wall Tubes by Eddy Current

The Growth Morphology and Yield of Grey Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju) Subjected to Different Durations of Acoustic Sound Treatment

Pleurotus sajor-caju (grey oyster mushroom) is a typical edible fleshy fungi. It has fruiting bodies shape like an oyster that contain high nutrient such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and multivitamins. Due to its high nutritional values, the demand of grey oyster mushrooms keeps increasing. In this study, the effect of different durations and intervals of acoustic sound treatment on growth morphology, yield enhancement and the quality of the mushroom were studied. Using sound of fire cracker at constant intensity of 75 dB, four different acoustic sound treatments had been applied on the mushroom bags which were 5 pops at 5-day interval, 15 pops at 5-day interval, 5 pops at 10-day interval and 15 pops at 10-day interval and mushroom bags without any sound treatment acted as control. The results showed that the controls had longer time for mycellium to fill-up the bags compared to sound treated bags. Besides, controls also showed lower yield in terms of number of fruiting bodies and biological efficiencies (%) compared to all acoustic sound treated bags. However, 15 pops at 10-day interval had the shortest time taken to complete all the growth stages (mycellium growth, emergence of pinhead and formation of fruiting bodies). For colour of the mushroom, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in L* values for 15 pops at 5-day interval and no significant different (P>0.05) was observed for a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values. Controls had the highest firmness value compared to mushroom with sound treatment. In summary, 15 pops at 10-day interval was the best treatment duration and interval as it took the shortest time for different growth stages with the greatest yield of mushrooms.

Dominator and total dominator chromatic number of Mongolian tent and fire cracker graphs

Dominator and total dominator chromatic number of Mongolian tent and fire cracker graphs

Combination labeling of joins of fire cracker graph

Combination labeling of joins of fire cracker graph

Augmenting Cleansing Process for Reducing Occupational Hazards Experienced by Labours Handling Pyrotechnical Chemicals in Firecracker Units

The value of Human resource is considered to be very important in fire work industries. Nearly 90% of fire crackers are manufactured in Sivakasi, which is considered to be the hub of fireworks production in India. The manufacturing process, type of storage and handling of chemicals are some of the important factor which bears the responsibility of affecting the worker’s health. Firecrackers manufacturing involves mixing of various chemicals. Moreover, it leads to lot of health issue to the workers like respiratory disorders, skin problems, damage to kidney, mental impairment and eye irritation, also it can cause cancer. Out of these major problems, skin and respiratory issues are mainly caused due to the direct handling of chemicals without safety precautions. Chemicals such as Sulphur-di-oxide, copper nitrate and magnesium are highly used in manufacturing the crackers. In order to overcome these hazardous problems, we have planned to make a soap for the affected people through precipitation method, using organic solvent (ETHANOL) and with the mixture of alum and sodium lauryl sulphate salts. The main aim of doing this project is to give a product of low cost with longevity and with good quality, which provides ample protection through cleanliness to the people who work in fire cracker units