Indian Major Carp Fingerlings Research Articles

Evaluation of Aeration Intensities for Rearing of Carp Fingerlings

The levels of aeration intensities on growth and survival of fingerlings of Indian major carps and exotic carps were evaluated during March-June 1994 in three carp ponds of 0.08 ha each, the treatments being provision of one aerator and two aerators operated for 4-6 hours daily during late night hours along with a control without any aerator. The ponds were stocked al 50,000 fingerlings per hectare with catla, rohu, mrigal and grass carp at a ratio of 30:35:30:5 and reared for a period of 90 days. The results demonstrated the positive effect of aeration intensities on fish growth and survival rates of all the carp species. The influence was observed to be minimum on mrigal and maximum on grass carp.

ECOLOGY AND FISHERY STATUS OF UKAI RESERVOIR, GUJARAT

The study dealt with the ecology and fish diversity of Ukai reservoir, Gujarat, which was undertaken during July 2014 to August 2015. During the study 50 fish species belonging to 9 orders, 17 families and 38 genera were recorded. The order Cypriniformes was dominant with 22 species followed by Siluriformes with 12 species. The most abundant species in the reservoir were Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, Wallago attu, Sperata aor, Systomus sarana, Clupisoma garua, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Ompok bimaculatus. A total 34 lakh fingerlings of Indian major carps namely catla, rohu and mrigal were stocked in the reservoir during 2013-14, which reflects in the production trend. Fish production data (2014-15) of the reservoir showed that carps contributed 50.68% of the total production followed by catfishes 10.04%, murrels 3.0%, eels 2.86 and others 33.43% with productivity of the reservoir at 279 kg ha -1. Species like Tenualosa ilisha, Tor tor, S. seenghala, S. aor, Labeo fimbriatus and W. attu gradually decreased over the years after impoundment. The study indicated that Ukai reservoir is rich in fish diversity Regular stocking, fishing ban during breeding season, etc. would sustain the fish diversity of the reservoir. Key words: Ecology, fish diversity, Ukai reservoir, management measures, Gujarat

Evaluation and impact assessment of culture‐based fisheries to enhance fish yield in small reservoirs in Odisha State, India

AbstractThe present study investigates the success of stocking fingerlings of Indian major carps ‐Gibelion catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita Hamilton and Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton – to enhance fish yield in 58 small reservoirs in Odisha State, India. Fish stocking and yield data were collected from State Fisheries Department, Odisha. The relationships between area, stocking density and fish yield of different size groups of reservoirs were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Fish yield increased significantly (p < 0.05, t‐test) from 204 kg/ha/year in 2012–13 to 323 kg/ha/year in 2013–14 due to adoption of CBF. The corresponding per capita fish production increased from 398 kg fisher−1 year−1 to 702 kg fisher−1 year−1 benefitting more than 8,000 fisher households. Reservoirs in the size group 100–500 ha showed the highest response of fish yield with respect to stocking of fingerlings. The size of fingerlings at stocking and area of the reservoir had greater impact on enhancing fish yield. Stocking had a profound positive impact on fish yield. This study forms a baseline evaluation of the impact of stocking on small tropical reservoirs in India. It also recommends management measures and discusses issues, and the way forward for sustainable fisheries enhancement in small tropical reservoirs in eastern India.

Prevalence, site and tissue preference of myxozoan parasites infecting gills of cultured fingerlings of Indian major carps in District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab (India).

A study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence rate, site preference and extent of damage caused by myxosporidian parasites in Punjab, India. During the 6months study, 600 carp fingerlings belonging to 4 genera i.e. Labeo rohita Hamilton, Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton, Catla catla Thail and Carassius carassius were randomly collected from the polyculture nursery ponds located in different villages District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. Organs such as fins, scales, gills, intestine, kidney, and eye-ball were examined for the presence of myxozoan parasites. In this study, gills of 321 (53.50%) were found to be infected with as many as 10 species of myxosporean parasites belonging to the genus Myxobolus. Gills were examined for the presence of plasmodia and infected organs were processed for histology. The gill plasmodial index (GPI) was counted for all the 10 species and this revealed a mild to severe infection was recorded. M. knobii, M. majraiensis, M. markiwi, M. naini, M. rocatlae, M. vascularis and M. venkateshi formed intralamellar vascular type of plasmodia (LV1), M. nanokiensis formed (LV3) and M. potularis and M. slendrii formed intrafilamental type of plasmodium (FV2). Out of 231 infected fishes, mixed infection was recorded in 44 fishes (13.70%), which exhibited biparasitism and polyparasitism. No infection was recorded in exotic carp i.e. C. carassius. Physicochemical parameters of water were also recorded for the period of 6months comprising 4months of winter and 2months of spring. The present study indicated that the prevalence of myxozoan parasite was 43% in November (24.0°C) and increased to 54% with the decrease in temperature (22.65°C).

A report on two new myxozoan parasites infecting gills of fingerlings of Indian major carps cultured in nursery ponds in Punjab (India).

This paper presents the morphological characteristics of two new species belonging to the genus Myxobolus viz M. knobii n. sp. and M. majraiensis n. sp., parasites infecting gill lamellae and gill filaments of fingerlings of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) and Catla catla (Ham.) respectively collected from nursery ponds located in the village Fagan Majra, District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab (India). A total of 90 fingerlings were examined (40 Catla catla and 50 Cirrhinus mrigala). Out of which, 32 C. mrigala and 19 C. catla fishes were found infected. The total prevalence rate was recorded as 56.66%. The age of the fish was recorded as 2-3months and length of the fish ranged 4-4.5cm. The plasmodia of M. knobii n. sp. were round to irregular, 0.6-1.0mm in diameter. Myxospores oval to spherical, pot-shaped in frontal view with a prominent knob at anterior end, measured 5.83×4.29µm in size. Polar capsules were equal, broadly pyriform, 1.95×1.70µm in size having 3-4 polar filament coils. The plasmodia of M. majraiensis n. sp. were round to oval, 0.8-1.5µm in diameter. Myxospores egg-shaped in frontal view also having prominent knob at the anterior end, measured 8.58×5.2µm in size. Polar capsules were equal, pyriform, 3.47×1.80µm in size having 5-6 polar filament coils. Gill plasmodium index showed heavy infection in both of the species. This is the first report of myxobolid infection in the fingerlings of Indian major carps in nursery ponds in Punjab (India).

Oxygen consumption in fry and fingerling stages of Indian major carps analysed using indigenously developed respirometer

Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions for determination of oxygen consumption of advanced fry, fingerlings and advanced fingerlings of Indian major carps, catla Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822); rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822); and mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) in freshwater medium of total alkalinity varying between 150-154 mg l-1, total hardness 130-140 mg l-1, pH 7.5-8.0, carbon dioxide 5.6-12.0 mg l-1 and temperature 31-35oC. Experiments were conducted in acrylic respirometers designed and developed for this purpose. The oxygen consumption values for advanced fry, fingerlings and advanced fingerlings of catla were 634±9, 565±27 and 516±28; rohu 549±26, 459±41 and 374±38 and mrigal 532±24, 449±28 and 343±30 mg kg body wt-1 h-1 respectively. In all stages, oxygen consumption values of catla varied significantly (p<0.05) from rohu and mrigal, whereas no significant differences were noticed between rohu and mrigal. Oxygen consumption was found to be more in all the three developmental stages of catla compared to corresponding stages of rohu and mrigal. In all the fishes, oxygen consumption was found to be higher in advanced fry stage than fingerling and advanced fingerling stages. The lower critical tolerance limits of oxygen in water for survival of advanced fingerlings of catla, rohu and mrigal were found to be 0.4, 0.32 and 0.32 mg l-1 respectively.

Redescription and Histopathology of Two Species of Myxozoans Infecting Gills of Fingerlings of Indian Major Carps

During the present study, two myxosporean species, M. potularis Madhavan et al. (2013) and M. rocatlae Basu and Haldar (2002) have been described from the gills of Labeo rohita Hamilton vern. rohu and Cirrhinus mrigala Hamilton vern. mrigal at nursery ponds located in village Fagan majra, District Fategarh Sahib, Punjab, India. Earlier, both the species M. potularis and M. rocatlae were described from West Bengal. 30 speciemens of Labeo rohita and 40 specimens of Cirrhinus mrigala were examined. Out of which 23 and 21 fishes were infected respectively. The prevalence rate was more in M. potularis (76.66%) than M. rocatlae (52.5%). At the time of collection various physico-chemical parameters like temperature, pH, TDS, DO etc. were also recorded. The histological effects of the pathogen were observed by light microscopy. The plasmodia of M. potularis were located in the afferent artery of the gill filament and plasmodia of M. rocatlae were located in the fine blood capillaries at the tip of the gill lamellae. M. potularis was highly pathogenic than M. rocatlae. The plasmodia of M. potularis were typed in “D” category caused complete destruction of all the cellular elements of gills and caused inflammation and abscesses. When present in large number and regarded as highly pathogenic parasite infects fingerlings in aquaculture. The gill plasmodial index (GPI) was 4 for M. potularis n. sp. indicated severe infection and 1 for M. rocatlae indicated light infection.

Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Sarda Sagar Reservoir in Tarai Region

Studies conducted for Sarda Sagar reservoir in Uttarakhand state and found 42 fish species belonging to 33 genera, 15 families and 6 orders with disappearance of some earlier reported important species. The available data of fish landing for the period 1997 to 2007 showed dominance (58.86 %) of small sized weed/trace fishes followed by minor carps (16.9%), while the commercially important species like Indian major carps, Common carps and mahseer contributed least share (6.99%), among them only Common carp formed sizeable catch (53%). In general, Gudusia chapra and Labeo gonius of the minor carps group are the dominant species in the catch. The estimated production was recorded 60 Kg/ha. A declining trend was observed in the production during 1997-2007 due to over exploitation and habitat destruction. Rational stocking and harvesting especially ranching with fingerlings of Indian major carps are desirable for stock enhancement.

A Study on Community Based Aquaculture Promoted by KVK-Khordha, Odisha, India

Since 1960s Community aquaculture gained its importance in India through the attempts of Research and Development agencies. Demonstration of fish culture practices in community ponds are challenged by its nature as water bodies are common property resources which requires substantial support from communities, local bodies and other agencies. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) - Khordha, the Farm Science Centre under Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) works on Front Line Demonstration of community aquaculture in Khordha district. Promotion of community aquaculture by KVK is through the identified ponds and also requests from interested communities. Technical inputs and one time provision of fingerlings of Indian Major Carps viz., Catla, Rohu and Mrigal are supplied for the farmers to adopt the practice. A participatory approach is envisaged for mobilizing communities, stocking ponds and adopting all Scientific Management Practices. During 2011-13, KVK demonstrated fish culture in five community ponds covering an area of 6 ha. An average production was 22.41 q /ha realized against the farmers practice of 15.46 q/ha. High production costs, risks of poaching and other constraints were also elicited by members who adopted the practice. This paper presents the works done by KVK in promoting community aquaculture and its impact in fish production.

Impact of Fermented Mulberry Leaf and Fish Offal in Diet Formulation of Indian Major Carp (Labeo rohita)

Large quantities of fish offal and mulberry leaf are generated globally. The present study aimed to understand their potential utilization in aqua diet formulation, after proper fermentation, as raw materials to replace fish meal in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita) compounded diet. Fish offal meal (FOM) and mulberry leaf meal (MLM) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial design, to evaluate (i) two different fermented mixtures with the inclusion of both FOM and MLM or only MLM and (ii) to replace three different level of dietary fishmeal: 50, 75 or 80 %. An indoor trial, to evaluate diet intake and digestibility and an outdoor trial to evaluate growth performances were impended in Indian major carp fingerlings. The results showed that FOM and MLM are promising raw materials that can be successfully used in the formulation of diet for the Indian major carp. Specifically, the addition of a proper amount of MLM in the fermentation of FOM produced a fermented mixture that could successfully replace up to 80 % of FM in the diet formulation.

Susceptibility of Fingerlings of Indian Major Carps to Aphanomyces invadans

Susceptibility of Fingerlings of Indian Major Carps to Aphanomyces invadans

Bath immunisation of spawn, fry and fingerlings of Indian major carps using a particulate bacterial antigen

Larval mortality in Indian major carps is one of the major problems encountered in the pond culture system. The present investigation was carried out to investigate the proper age, duration of exposure, and optimum bacterin concentration for vaccinating rohu (Labeo rohita) and catla (Catla catla) at their early stages with a formalin killed Edwardsiella tarda bacterin suspension. The development of immunological competence was recorded with spawn of rohu and catla of 3 weeks of age exposed to a bacterin at a concentration 109cfu ml−1 for 15min, where it persisted up to 4 weeks post vaccination. They showed significant resistance against challenge with virulent E. tarda bacteria. Significant antibody titre could be recorded in advanced fries and fingerlings exposed to 109cfu/ml−1 bacterin concentration for 45 and 60min, respectively.