Replacement Of Fine Aggregate In Concrete Research Articles

Preliminary Study on the Mechanical Activation and High-Temperature Treatment of Saponite-Containing Tailings Generated during Kimberlite Ore Dressing

This study investigates transformations of a pre-mechanically activated saponite-containing material with subsequent high-temperature treatment. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the mechanical activation of saponite leads to the destruction of its layered structure, accompanied by the release of silicon dioxide and magnesium oxide in free form. The values of surface activity for mechanically activated saponite-containing material are also calculated. It is shown that when mechanically activated saponite-containing material is mixed with water, minerals of the serpentine group are formed, and further high-temperature treatment leads to the formation of minerals of the olivine group. It is experimentally shown that high-temperature treatment leads to the creation of a more durable structure of the saponite-containing material. This is due to decreased porosity and pore size, and sorption of moisture from the environment is also reduced. The study showed that saponite-containing waste materials can be effectively treated to create composite materials based on magnesia binders. Thus, with this method, the waste is effectively recycled into various green building material and can be used as supplementary cementitious material or fine aggregate replacement in concrete.

The Performance of Bamboo Fiber as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

The rapid growth of construction industry has caused a huge demand on natural aggregate as the production of concrete requires massive use of natural stone materials. Due to the increase of demand of this material, it has affected to the shortage of natural aggregate and increased the cost of construction material. On the other hand, bamboo is one of the materials which have a big population and potential to be used in construction due to its durability, flexibility and strength performance. So, bamboo fiber was used as aggregate replacement material to reduce the cost of construction material and pollution as well as to improve the quality of the concrete. The research objectives in this study are to determine the optimum percentage of bamboo fiber as aggregate replacement in concrete and to compare the compressive strength of the bamboo fiber concrete with standard concrete. There were 4 cube specimens casted for each proportion of 0%, 5%, 12.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5% of bamboo fiber as aggregate replacement in concrete. Then, the compressive strength test was conducted to find the optimum bamboo fiber contents with the maximum workability and strength of the concrete. The findings showed that the replacement of 5% of bamboo fiber achieved the highest strength with 27.77 N/mm2 and the strength decrement difference is only about 2.38% with standard concrete. Based from the result, the 5% bamboo fiber concrete can be suggested as the optimum percentage of bamboo fiber as aggregate replacement in concrete. This study is not only aim in reducing the cost of construction material but it also can be one of the effectives ways to reduce environmental impact by using natural fibers as aggregates replacement.

The effectiveness of waste oyster shells (WOS) as major fine aggregate replacement in concrete

Over-exploitation of natural river sand and waste oyster shells (WOS) dumped randomly will cause serious environmental issues. Thus, a drive to using crushed WOS as fine aggregates to substitute river sand in concrete production has been initiated. This paper conducted experimental research to study the possibility of employing the crushed WOS as 100% fine aggregates in concrete. The workability, compressive strength and its size-effect, and sustainability performance of the concrete mixtures were investigated. The results indicated that, under the same water-cement ratio, the WOS concrete showed a great improvement in strength properties while a decline was found in slump tests, compared to the control concrete. Besides, the use of the crushed WOS in concrete production resulted in a modification in both eco-efficiency and cost-efficiency.

Plastic as substituent material for fine aggregate in concrete

The Plastic is a part of our lives due to its daily usage. So, the consumption of plastic is increasing every year. The decomposition of plastic takes more than thousand years because of its non-biodegradable nature. The plastic harms the society and surrounding environment in all aspects. So, the best way to control the pollution posed by the plastic is recycling. The exponential growth in construction industry, the demand for natural aggregates increases but leads to depletion of natural resources. To overcome this issue plastic used as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The majority of the waste coming from the plastic bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and food containers (Polypropylene). So, the recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene used as a fine aggregate in concrete with percentages of 5%,10%,15%. This paper objective is to assess the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene on compressive strength and workability. The workability and compressive strength of PET and PP have given good results up to10%and 5%. It has been observed from the test results that 5% and 10% is optimum for Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)as fine aggregate in concrete respectively.

Potential Use of Waste Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Glass as Fine Aggregate in Concrete for Sustainable Built Environment: A Review

Electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) has become a great matter of concern all around the world. Due to the fast growth in kinescope technology, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) are being replaced by lighter and thinner panels with flat displays, namely – Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Plasma Display Panels (PDPs) and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). The environmental hazards caused by CRTs waste generation have become an extensive dilemma around the globe. Lead is contained in sufficient amounts in the waste CRTs, which causes serious hazards to human health and the environment. The increasing demand for concrete and natural resources due to swift urbanization has made it crucial to replace the natural aggregates in concrete either as a partial replacement or total replacement, without affecting the concrete performance. CRT waste glasses are abundant in silica, have low water absorption property and adequate intrinsic strength. These characteristics of CRT waste glass make it apt for usage as pozzolan or sand in construction materials. They can be partially or totally replaced for natural sand as fine aggregate in concrete. This review work extends an in-depth summary of literature detailing the reuse of CRT glass waste as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The properties such as water performance, thermal property, strength and durability of CRT glass waste-based concrete and their method of manufacturing have also been studied in this paper. Furthermore, a comparative performance analysis of CRT glass waste concrete with other E-waste incorporated concrete has also been included in this paper. The current work shall contribute to enhancement towards sustainability and economic development of CRT glass waste incorporated concrete in the construction industry. Thus, the issues related to CRT glass waste such as contamination of soil, environment and water bodies, health issues caused to living beings and simultaneously, the degradation of natural restricted aggregate resources could be reduced considerably by several folds.

Effect of Lightweight Waste-Based Aggregate on Lightweight Concrete

This paper study the effectiveness of waste material from industrial by-product as lightweight self-cured concrete. Waste material involved in this study is coal bottom ash, oil palm boiler clinker and hydrogel from diapers. Coal bottom ash (CBA) used as a fine aggregate replacement whilst oil palm clinker (OPBC) added into the concrete mixture as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in order to produce lightweight concrete. In addition, hydrogel from disposable diapers was acted as self-curing agent. Different percentage of CBA as the fine aggregate replacement in concrete was used with the constant value of OPBC as coarse aggregate replacement. The result shows that the concrete sample containing 100% replacement of CBA has the lightest density as compared to other samples. In terms of compressive strength, the sample containing 40% replacement of CBA has similar compressive strength to control sample with reduction of the density of 22% when compared to the control sample. It is concluded that the recycling of CBA and OPBC as replacement material in lightweight concrete has good potential and also processing of CBA and OPBC to develop nano-material are the future potential of CBA and OPBC research for energy efficiency building.

A Review of Agro-waste Materials as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete.

An immense amount of agricultural waste is produced while growing, harvesting and processing goods; which should be treated as a resource for its prevalence and renewability. While developed countries are concerned with utilization and environmental issues, developing countries are focusing on the economic factors of social housing, especially in rural areas. Fortunately, environmental awareness has been raised in the construction industry by using agricultural waste as partial replacement for fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, reinforcing materials, cement and binders. This review is an attempt to collect world-wide data with references for future estimation possibilities of agro waste application focused on fine aggregate replacement in concrete.

Study on the mechanical and environmental properties of concrete containing cathode ray tube glass aggregate

Cathode ray tube (CRT) glass is considered a hazardous material due to its lead toxicity. In addition, current disposal practices are being phased out due to their adverse environmental impacts. In this project, CRT glass was used as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. Life-cycle material characterization was conducted by evaluating the durability and strength of the CRT-Concrete. Leaching tests were also conducted to investigate whether the material meets drinking water limits for Pb. Test results show that the plastic state of the CRT-Concrete was affected by the angularity of the glass particles. Moreover, the compressive strength of CRT-Concrete met and exceeded that of the control specimen. However, CRT-Concrete was susceptible to expansive alkali-silica reactions when more than 10% CRT replacement was used. Environmental leaching results show that lead concentrations from CRT-Concrete are below the drinking water limits depending on the CRT volume replacement and if biopolymers are used.

The Use of Sheet Glass Powder as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete

Sheet glass powder (SGP) used in concrete making leads to greener environment. In shops, near by Chidambaram many sheet glass cuttings go to waste, which are not recycled at present and usually delivered to landfills for disposal. Using SGP in concrete is an interesting possibility for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of natural resources. This paper examines the possibility of using SGP as a replacement in fine aggregate for a new concrete. Natural sand was partially replaced (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) with SGP. Compressive strength, Tensile strength (cubes and cylinders) and Flexural strength up to 180 days of age were compared with those of concrete made with natural fine aggregates. Fineness modulus, specific gravity, moisture content, water absorption, bulk density, %voids, % porosity (loose and compact) state for sand (S) and SDA were also studied. The test results indicate that it is possible to manufacture concrete containing Sheet glass powder (SGP) with characteristics similar to those of natural sand aggregate concrete provided that the percentage of SGP as fine aggregate is limited to 10-20%, respectively.

Stabilization and solidification of hydrocarbon‐contaminated soils in concrete

Abstract This article describes an experimental program developed to investigate the potential for using hydrocarbon‐contaminated soils as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. Five different contaminated soil types with a total petroleum hydrocarbon content of less than 1% were investigated. For each soil type, three concrete mixtures were obtained by replacing sand with contaminated soils (10, 20, and 40% replacement ratio). The resulting concrete was tested for setting times, compression strength, flexural strength, durability, and teachability of benzene to water. The results indicate that the addition of hydrocarbon‐contaminated soil adversely affects the strength of concrete. The strength reduction at each soil replacement level depends on contamination concentration, contaminant type, and soil type. The durability of the tested concrete is comparable to normal concrete. For all five soils at a 40% replacement ratio, the leachability of benzene was nondetectable after 24 h and after 10 d. After ...