Fine Aggregate In Cement Mortar Research Articles

Use of Coal Mine Overburden as Sustainable Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

The natural aggregate crisis is an alarming concern for the construction industry worldwide. This study provides a detailed investigation of coal mine overburden (OB) from opencast mine dumps, to evaluate its potential as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregate. The microproperties, including mineralogy, morphology, and chemistry, were evaluated, and the macroproperties, including alkali–aggregate reaction, soundness, durability, flow value, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and other mechanical properties of crushed OB, OB-based mortar, and concrete, were determined. OB was found to be mineralogically more stable (55%–77% SiO2), mechanically comparable, and durable (volume change 3%–8%) than other alternatives of natural aggregate. The toxicity characteristic due to leaching was found to have no hazardous effects on local and regional soil and water quality. The cement mortar prepared using OB had similar performance in terms of fresh and hardened density, flowability (>0.6 w/c), and durability [slake durability index (SDI) >95%] as other industrial by-products. The compressive strength of the mortar with OB was found to be comparable to that of mortar with river sand. OB-based mortar and concrete were found to have good corrosion resistance. For bulk utilization of OB, a pilot-scale study is recommended to assess its performance under real-world exposure conditions.

Utilization of Ceramic Tiles Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Abstract: The rapid growth of the construction industry has led to an increased demand for building materials, particularly aggregates. The extraction of natural aggregates has significant environmental impacts, including landscape alteration and depletion of natural resources. Therefore, finding alternative materials for sustainable construction is essential. This project aims to investigate the potential utilization of ceramic tile waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar. The research methodology involves collecting ceramic tile waste from local sources and conducting laboratory experiments to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar incorporating different percentages of ceramic tile waste. The properties investigated include workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption capacity. The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of ceramic tile waste as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar exhibits promising outcomes. The workability of the mortar is within an acceptable range for construction purposes, and the compressive and flexural strengths show satisfactory performance. Moreover, the water absorption capacity of the mortar reduces with an increase in the percentage of ceramic tile waste, indicating improved durability. This research contributes to the sustainable utilization of ceramic tile waste, reducing the environmental burden associated with waste disposal and conserving natural resources. The findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility of incorporating ceramic tile waste in cement mortar, potentially leading to the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly construction materials

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Ceramic Tile Waste as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

Evaluation of rheological and mechanical properties of bottom ash based masonry mortar with graphene oxide

This paper evaluates the rheological and mechanical properties of lignite based bottom ash as fine aggregate in cement mortar with GO as an additive. The annual extraction of such a huge amount of bottom ash needs a massive transfer to the field, as it constitutes a threat to the environment. The utilization of such residue as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in masonry mortar is not fully explored. Hence, an attempt has been made to utilize the bottom ash as FA in cement mortar composites, and studied the influence of graphene oxide (GO) in the properties of mortar matrix. In this study, bottom ash replacement from 0 to 60% and GO at dosage of 0.1, 0.15 and 0.20% by weight of cement were used. Compressive and flexural strengths of composites were improved significantly at GO = 0.15%. Mechanical properties at 40% bottom ash replacement level only have shown minor improvement. It was observed from the flow table test that addition of bottom ash leads to reduction in workability of masonry mortar, and GO enhanced both the rheological and mechanical properties of mortar matrix.

A study on use of granite powder and crusher dust as fine aggregate in cement mortar

Granite powder is a by-product of cutting and grinding granite stones to a powdery form. Due to the scarcity of river sand, the need of the alternative material is the need of the hour. Based on the chemical and physical compositions, river sand as fine aggregate can be suitably replaced with alternative materials such as crusher dust and granite powder. The current study focusses of using granite powder (GP) and crusher dust (CD) as fine aggregate in cement mortars. 1:3 and 1:6 (cement: sand) volumetric mix proportions were considered in the study. Based on the particle size distribution of IS 2116 and IS 1542, the study considered the ratio of 30:70 (GP:CD) and 100CD as fine aggregate. The control mix only contains river sand (RS) as the fine aggregate in cement mortar. The properties were evaluated in terms of water/cement (W/C) ratio, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, tensile bond strength and adhesion strength. For a mix proportion of 1:3, the compressive strength of the control mix, 100CD, and 30:70 (GP:CD) was found to be 9.02 MPa, 10.71 MPa, and 8.02 MPa, respectively. The mix with the lowest drying shrinkage was the control mix. Based on the results of the current experimental investigation, it can be concluded that river sand can potentially be substituted with crusher dust and granite powder for masonry purposes.

Alternatif Karışım Yöntemleri ile F tipi Uçucu Külünün Çimento Harcı İçerisinde Kullanımı

In this study, it is focused on the use of fly ash, which is one of the industrial wastes, as a partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate in cement mortar. The feasibility of using fly ash as an alternative to cement and fine aggregates in concrete was determined by examining its effect on strength and durability properties in composites. Fly ash was used in the mixtures with three different mixing methods. This is the simple substitution method, addition method and partial substitution method. In each method, 10%, 20% and 30% of the material was removed by weight, and a total of ten different mixtures were prepared by adding fly ash instead. As a result of the experiments to determine the properties of the mixtures in the fresh and hardened state, the addition of fly ash to the mixtures improved the workability and freeze-thaw resistance. When we look at the results in terms of the methods used in the study, it was seen that the addition method gave better results in pressure, water absorption and capillary water absorption experiments than other methods, and according to the bending and cylinder splitting test results, higher values were obtained in the mixtures prepared with the partial substitution method compared to the other mixing methods.

Enhancing the thermal properties of cement composites through substitution of the fine aggregate using metallic material

ABSTRACT In this study, copper powder was substituted for up to 50% of fine aggregate in cement mortar. The effects of employing copper powder on ice-melting performance were studied. To verify the derived ice-melting results, thermal properties were analyzed. Porosity analysis, which is highly correlated with thermal properties, was investigated. Microstructure analysis included computed tomography analysis was performed. It was found that the cement mortar with 10% copper powder was the most efficient in terms of ice-melting performance and thermal properties improvement. 10% copper powder incorporation shortened the ice-melting time by about 20 minutes or more, and also improved the thermal conductivity and heat flux by 3 and 2 times more, respectively. The porosity test and computed tomography analysis have demonstrated that copper powder can produce an agglomeration effect if the amount is higher than 10% in the cement mortar system. The porosity of the 10% copper powder incorporation was decreased by about 5% compared with plain mortar, while that of the 30% and 50% copper powder incorporation was increased by about 2.5% and 8%, respectively. In addition, 10% copper powder incorporation had the highest compressive strength and flexural strength. As a result, 10% copper powder substitution was an optimal choice.

Characteristics of Masonry Prepared with KM Soil as Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar and Concrete Block

Manufactured Sand (M Sand) has become a viable alternative for the river sand in the construction industry as a potential fine aggregate. The M Sand poses environmental implications as it is produced by crushing natural resources like stones. The extensive use of M Sand may also lead to a reduction in availability due to the depletion of natural rocks in the days to come. Hence, this study attempts to assess the feasibility of utilizing the clayey soil containing Kaolinite – Montmorillonite (KM) as a predominant clay mineral, as a replacement to the Manufactured sand in the preparation of cement mortar and cement block that are used in masonry construction. In the case of concrete block masonry units, the M Sand is replaced by 25%, 50%, and 100% with KM Soil, and an attempt is also made to produce the mortars by completely replacing the M Sand with KM soil. Further, the properties of the concrete blocks and mortars prepared with KM soil are assessed and compared with the ones prepared with M Sand. Also, the performance of the stack bonded masonry prisms like compressive strength and bond strength in shear is assessed for the various masonry prism prepared with combinations of the Concrete block masonry units and mortars. The results indicate that the stack bonded masonry prism assemblies with KM soil both in cement mortar and concrete block have performed moderately well in compressive strength and shear bond strength in comparison with the one prepared with M Sand.

Studying the Mechanical Properties of Mortar Containing Different Waste Materials as a Partial Replacement for Aggregate

The fast growth in the construction sector has made the concrete one of the most essential materials in the world. Concrete industry consumes massive amounts of raw materials, such as fine and coarse aggregate. Nowadays the increasing amount of waste construction materials causes environmental problems. Certainly, the sustainable solution is to adopt these waste materials and reuse them again in order to save natural resources and decrease their consumption. This study aims to investigate the potential use of different waste materials such as ceramic, clay bricks, marble, glass, granite, porcelain, and concrete wastes as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in cement mortar. Each one of these materials has been used in two proportions, 10% and 20% as replacement of natural sand weight. The compressive and flexure strength tests at 28 and 56 days have been taken into account for hardening mortar. Results have showed that it is possible to produce sustainable mortar containing 20% of porcelain, glass or clay bricks waste as a replacement for natural sand with a significant improvement in compressive and flexure strength properties. In contrast, it has been found out that waste marble had a negative impact on the hardened properties of mortar especially at the later age (56 days).

Influence of Temperature and Duration of Thermal Treatment on Properties of Excavated Soil as Fine Aggregate in Cement Mortar

In the interest of utilizing high-plasticity excavation soil as a replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar, a study on the thermal treatment of soils containing 25% and 40% clay fractions was carried out. A range of tests including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to examine the transformation of fines (silt+clay) in soil at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 1,000°C. Thermally treated soils were used as fine aggregate in cement mortar, and properties such as water demand, dry density, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage were studied. The experiments were designed with the parameters treatment temperature and duration using central composite design of response surface methodology. From the test results, it was concluded that thermal treatment helps in transforming clayey soil, even high-plasticity soil, to be used as a suitable fine aggregate material in cement mortar. However, the properties of thermally treated soil highly depend on the clay mineralogy present in it.

Reuse potential of stabilized excavation soil as fine aggregate in cement mortar

The aim of this work is to broadly investigate the possibility of utilizing excavated soil as alternative for river sand in cementitious system. Three different types of soils with low, medium and high plasticity (with different proportion and type of clay) were used as fine aggregates to produce cement mortar. The same soil samples were treated by dry sieving through 600 µm size sieve and/or stabilized with calcium bearing stabilizers viz., lime and slag, to improve the mortar properties. Different dosages of stabilizers (up to 20%) have been tried to stabilize the clay present. Treated plastic soils were then used as fine aggregate in cement mortar. Mortar properties such as strength and shrinkage were determined and compared with control mortar made of river sand. Results showed that it is possible to use low plastic soil as fine aggregate by employing simple dry sieving without compromising mortar properties. Medium plastic soil needs stabilization together with dry sieving to reach an acceptable limit of shrinkage strains. Though mortar with high plastic soil shows improvement in properties, shrinkage strains are not controlled with these treatment methods.

Experimental Behaviour of Sandwich Panels Using Copper Slag Mortar

This paper presents the study to investigate the viability of using copper slag as fine aggregate in cement mortar. Two series of cement mortar mixtures were prepared with different proportion of copper slag at different workability. In the first series, various proportions of copper slag is substituted for sand ranging from 0% to 100% with constant workability. Second series consists of fully replaced copper slag for sand in the cement mortar, which was achieved by maintaining the same workability as that of the control mortar mixture from first series and a control mixture for this new workability with sand as fine aggregate. The strength of twelve trial cement mortar mixtures were tested. The results indicate high compressive strength upto 50% replacement of copper slag, after that the compressive strength decreases with increase in copper slag percentage in cement mortar. The copper slag content in the mortar adversely affected the compressive strength of the mortar mixtures as 4.2% and 21.1% improvement in the compressive strength of the cement mortar for 50% replacement compared and 100% replacement compared with the control mortar mixtures. The density of cement mortar increases with increase in copper slag. From these trial mixtures two optimized mixtures were selected and were used to cast the sandwich panels. This panels were tested for flexural behaviour and axial load compression behaviour. The behavior of sandwich panels were simulated using ANSYS and the results were compared with experimental results.

Strength Behavoir Evaluation of Cement Mortar using Waste Fly Ash and Marble Dust

Pakistan being one of the most urbanized countries of the region having a large number of industries which have been known to produce large quantities of byproducts and wastes. For economic and environmental aspect the industrial waste reuse is appreciable because environmental contamination is the major issue associated with rapid increase in the byproduct and waste generated in the forms of fly ash and marble dust waste due to industrial activities. This study examines the mechanical properties of fresh and hardened cement mortar by using fly ash as partial replacement of cement and waste marble dust as partial replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar at various percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of the cement and fine aggregate) with water. An experimental investigation for the measurement of consistency, initial setting time and final setting time of cement with fly ash replacement were determined by using the Vicat apparatus. Consistency of cement mortar (Workability) with fly ash and waste marble dust replacement was determined by using flow table test. Cubes of the samples with fly ash and waste marble dust replacement as cement and fine aggregate were used to determine the compressive strength of hardened cement mortar. The test results showed that addition of fly ash and waste marble dust into cement mortar mixture significantly increased its compressive strength, initial setting time, final setting time and consistency of cement mortar, while consistency of cement was decreased as compared to conventional cement mortar. This study ensures that reusing of fly ash and waste marble dust as substitutes in cement mortar gives a good approach to solve industrial waste disposal problems.

Strength Behavoir Evaluation of Cement Mortar using Waste Fly Ash and Marble Dust

Pakistan being one of the most urbanized countries of the region having a large number of industries which have been known to produce large quantities of byproducts and wastes. For economic and environmental aspect the industrial waste reuse is appreciable because environmental contamination is the major issue associated with rapid increase in the byproduct and waste generated in the forms of fly ash and marble dust waste due to industrial activities. This study examines the mechanical properties of fresh and hardened cement mortar by using fly ash as partial replacement of cement and waste marble dust as partial replacement for fine aggregate in cement mortar at various percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of the cement and fine aggregate) with water. An experimental investigation for the measurement of consistency, initial setting time and final setting time of cement with fly ash replacement were determined by using the Vicat apparatus. Consistency of cement mortar (Workability) with fly ash and waste marble dust replacement was determined by using flow table test. Cubes of the samples with fly ash and waste marble dust replacement as cement and fine aggregate were used to determine the compressive strength of hardened cement mortar. The test results showed that addition of fly ash and waste marble dust into cement mortar mixture significantly increased its compressive strength, initial setting time, final setting time and consistency of cement mortar, while consistency of cement was decreased as compared to conventional cement mortar. This study ensures that reusing of fly ash and waste marble dust as substitutes in cement mortar gives a good approach to solve industrial waste disposal problems.

Spent fluorescent lamp glass as a substitute for fine aggregate in cement mortar

In recent years, recycled waste materials have been widely used to produce construction materials in an effort to reduce the utilization of natural resources and post-consumer wastes entering landfills. In this paper, the results of an experimental programme on studying the feasible use of spent fluorescent glass (FG) as a fine aggregate replacement in cement mortar are presented. Two types of FG were adopted in this study, one with (FG-A) and one without (FG-B) heating treatment at around 375 °C, to ensure the removal of mercury within the broken FG. The use of FG up to 40% to replace sand showed no obvious difference in density, but demonstrated an enhancement in workability and less shrinkage in the cement mortar. In comparison, the reduction of mechanical strength for a given content of FG-A usage in mortar is relatively lower than that of FG-B. This could be due to the FG-A (after the heating treatment) being free from the organic lacquer and the smooth coating, resulting in a better bond with the cement paste matrix. All the FG samples experienced big length changes due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), associated with their high solubility and the original microcracks present in the interior of the thin FG particles. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results indicated that utilizing of both FG-A and FG-B in the cement mortar could effectively reduce the leachability of mercury, from 12.99 mg/L and 70.55 mg/L (determined original FG-A and FG-B values before they were incorporated into the cement mortar) to below the permissible limit of 0.5 mg/L. However, the replacement ratio of FG should be limited to 30% or below.

The transformation of waste Bakelite to replace natural fine aggregate in cement mortar

Bakelite material has been used to produce the various components for cars and consumer goods industry in Thailand. The growth of Bakelite consumption increases Bakelite waste. Bakelite waste is prohibited from disposing of direct landfilling and open burning because of the improper disposal and emission reasons. A large amount of this waste needs the large safe space of warehouse area for keeping which becomes a waste management problem. Size reduction by milling machine is helpful for waste handling and storing, however, the post-milling waste Bakelite plastic utilization shall be studied to maintain the waste storing capacity. There are some studies of the milling machine used for waste plastic size reduction. However, the particular study of milling machine application for waste size reduction and its milling waste utilization is still insufficient in Thailand. The purpose of this research is the use of waste Bakelite aggregate milling machine for Bakelite waste size reduction and use of the post-milling waste Bakelite as a fine aggregate to replace natural sand material in cement mortar. The waste Bakelite fine aggregate (WBFA) was mixed in cement mortar mixture with the proportion 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% and 100% by volume for cement mortar sample preparation. The mortar sample was tested for compressive strength follow ASTM standard. The compressive test result of mortar samples will be compared between conventional mortar (0% WBFA) and waste Bakelite mortar (WBM) as well as comparing with the mortar standard. From an analysis of the sample test data found that the WBFA content in cement mortar mixture can predict the strength of WBM. The compressive strength of WBM at 28days age with the fraction of WBFA is not exceeded 11.03%, and 23.08% respectively can be met the mortar standard according to the equation. The utilization of WBM to develop mortar non-structural mortar product can be usable from a technical point of view.

Use of Pb blast furnace slag as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in cement mortar

The technical properties of cement mortars containing natural fine aggregate that is replaced by lead blast furnace slag at 25 and 35% level were assessed at fixed water-to-cement (W/C) ratio and at fixed flow table value. The leachabilities of some toxic elements from the cement mortars were also assessed to test the environmental suitability of the slag for use in preparation of cement mortar. At fixed W/C ratio, the strength of the mortar decreased with increase of the slag content. On the other hand, at fixed consistency, strength increased with increasing slag content in the mortar composition. The concentrations of some toxic elements in the leachates collected from the mortars containing slag were slightly higher than for the control mortar, but the concentrations in the leachates remained within the regulatory limits for recycling in construction applications. For most elements, leaching from a mortar containing 35% of slag was similar to that from a mortar containing 25% of slag. Therefore, 35% of natural sand can be beneficially replaced with Pb slag to produce cement mortar without affecting the mechanical and leaching properties studied in this work.

A comparative study on the feasible use of recycled beverage and CRT funnel glass as fine aggregate in cement mortar

The rapid development of the electronic industry has led to a growing hazardous waste management and disposal problem related to the management of cathode ray tube (CRT) waste. This study aimed to compare the feasibility of using CRT recycled glass: non-treated funnel glass (n-TFG, crushed without treatment) and treated funnel glass (TFG, crushed and treated with acid nitric to remove lead on the glass surface) as fine aggregates in cement mortar. Fresh and hardened properties of the cement mortars, including their x-ray radiation shielding and potential lead leaching were investigated. The mortar prepared with crushed beverage glass (CBG, lead-free) was also evaluated for comparison purposes. The experimental results show that the use of glass cullets, irrespective of glass type, improved the fluidity and drying shrinkage but reduced the strength. About 60% enhancement in x-ray radiation shielding property was achieved with the use of 100% CRT glass in the cement mortar owing to the increase of mortar density due to the presence of lead in the CRT glass. Furthermore, lead leaching (based on TCLP test) from the mortar samples prepared with the TFG complied with the regulatory limits. The results have demonstrated that the CRT glass (an original hazardous material) can be treated, processed, and re-utilized for making cement mortars. The mechanical performance of the cement mortar is comparable to that made with beverage glass.