Financial Programs Research Articles

Research on Teaching Reform of Finance and Accounting Major in Colleges and Universities under the Integrated Mode of “Post Course Competition Certificate”

In recent years, with the government’s strong emphasis on vocational education and the in-depth promotion of the “post course competition certificate” integration model, the teaching reform of finance and accounting programs in colleges and universities has gained new development opportunities. This integrated teaching model, which aligns courses with job roles, combines course content with certification requirements and enhances learning through competitions, plays a crucial role in improving the quality of education. It not only enhances teaching effectiveness but also strengthens students’ professional skills and overall competence, meeting the demands of modern vocational education. Furthermore, it positively contributes to students’ personal development and broader societal progress. In this context, this paper explores the teaching reform of finance and accounting programs in colleges and universities under the “post course competition certificate” integration model, intending to provide insights for improving the quality of finance and accounting talent development.

Thoughts on Accelerating the Construction of First-Class Undergraduate Majors: Taking Finance as an Example

This article analyzes the path to constructing first-class undergraduate majors in finance, using the finance major as a case study. Through analysis, it aims to offer reference and inspiration for enhancing the quality of finance education in China and supporting the healthy development of the financial industry. The article begins by examining the current status of finance majors, followed by an analysis of the necessity for establishing first-class undergraduate programs. Finally, it provides a detailed exploration of the specific methods for building such programs in finance. The findings indicate that accelerating the construction of first-class undergraduate finance majors is a long-term and challenging task that requires the combined efforts of the government, universities, industry, and various social sectors. Through comprehensive and innovative reforms in areas such as training objectives and positioning, curriculum development, teaching teams, and practical instruction, the quality and level of finance education can be effectively elevated, thereby cultivating more high-caliber financial professionals who meet the demands of the times.

ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTIVITY OF RETAIL INVESTORS ON THE STOCK MARKET

The article examines the activity of a retail investor on the stock market. Issues of economic assessment of their activity and problems of increasing its effectiveness are studied. The dynamics of the share of retail investors in the total volume of trading in the stock market is analyzed. The key factors of growth of retail investors' activity in the stock market are studied. It was determined that the share of retail investors in the volume of trades on the stock market has almost doubled. The factors that caused such a powerful dynamic were analyzed. Two factors such as available investment opportunities and empowerment through information are discussed in detail. An economic assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of retail investors was carried out. The reasons for the negative results of their work on the stock market have been revealed. The importance of developing specific investment goals before starting investment activities on the stock market and adapting investment strategies to them is determined. It is suggested to use paper trading simulators that reproduce the real trading environment. It has been found to allow investors to make virtual trades and track their performance in real time. It is recommended to engage more comprehensive analytical and research platforms that provide tools for charting and price research. This has been proven to allow investors to more effectively analyze market trends, identify potential economic opportunities, and develop effective trading strategies. Possibilities of minimizing transaction costs through the use of ETFs-shares of investment funds, which are often traded on the stock exchange, are considered. As a result of the conducted research, the possibilities of further scientific research on this topic in the direction of using the latest financial programs based on artificial intelligence and comprehensive assessment of the interaction of various sectors of the stock market with their help were considered.

Розвиток жіночого інноваційного підприємництва в Україні у процесі європейської інтеграції

Introduction. The process of European integration of Ukraine opens up new opportunities for the development of innovative entrepreneurship, in particular for women entrepreneurs. Economic and social challenges related to the post-war reconstruction of the country and the need to comply with the EU standards make the issue of effective use of the potential of women’s entrepreneurship in the innovative field relevant. Problem Statement. Determination of ways and mechanisms of using the opportunities of European integration to stimulate the development of women’s innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine. The purpose is to assess the current state of women’s innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine, to identify prospects for its development in the context of European integration, and to develop recommendations for its support. Methods. Theoretical analysis of scientific sources, study of European practices of supporting women’s innovative entrepreneurship, comparative analysis and generalization were used. Results. The key directions of using European integration for the development of women’s innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine embrace: 1) adaptation of European financing and business acceleration programs; 2) implementation of European standards of gender equality; 3) participation in European networks and exchange of experience; 4) adaptation of European educational programs. The implementation of these directions will contribute to economic growth, the creation of new jobs and the general elevation of the role of women in society. Conclusions. European integration creates favorable conditions for the development of women’s innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine through access to new markets, financial resources and advanced practices. The key success factors are the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to EU standards, the creation of specialized support programs and the development of educational initiatives for women entrepreneurs. The implementation of the proposed recommendations will contribute to the growth of the number of women’s innovative enterprises and the strengthening of their role in the economic development of Ukraine.

ASSESSMENT OF FINANCING ADULT AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN GOMBE STATE

This study assessed the financing of Adult and Non-Formal Education (ANFE) programs in Gombe state. Three specific objectives and three research questions were formulated. Descriptive survey design was adopted and population of the study was 325 respondents which comprise 15 administrators and 310 instructors drawn from the 15 government own Adult Education Centers in Gombe state. A sample of 169 respondents was used for the study. That is 15 administrators and 154 instructors. Instrument used was a structured questionnaire with a four rating scale titled “Assessment of Financing Adult and Non-Formal Education Questionnaire (AFANFEQ)". It was validated by two experts in the Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education, Gombe State University. Pilot study was carried out and Cronbach’s Alpha was used to compute the reliability coefficient of 0.97. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) was used to answer the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that Government, Philanthropists, Community members, Adult learners and NGOs such as UNESCO, World Bank and UNDP contribute in the funding of ANFE in Gombe State but over dependence on external donors, lack of political will, inefficient resource management, embezzlement by government officials and inadequate policy support affected and serve as barriers to efficient financing of ANFE in Gombe state. It was therefore recommended among others that there is need to advocate for stronger political commitment to ANFE in Gombe state. This can be achieved through lobbying, raising public awareness, forming alliances with influential stakeholders, and demonstrating the socio-economic benefits of investing in lifelong learning opportunities. KEY WORDS: Financing, Adult and Non-Formal Education Programs

ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT THROUGH COLLABORATION AND BUSINESS INNOVATION IN IMBI VILLAGE, JAYAPURA

This study aims to empower the economy of the community in Kelurahan Imbi, Jayapura, through collaboration and business innovation using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. The PAR approach involves active community participation in every stage of the research, from problem identification to solution implementation and evaluation. Problem identification was carried out through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, revealing various challenges such as limited access to capital, low levels of education and skills, poor infrastructure, and a lack of collaboration among stakeholders. Based on these findings, an action plan was formulated, including business financing programs, skills training and business mentoring, infrastructure improvements, and strengthening collaboration. The program implementation was conducted with active community involvement. The research results showed an increase in business actors' access to capital through low-interest loan schemes and savings and loan cooperatives. Training and business mentoring successfully enhanced community knowledge and skills, and encouraged product innovation and digital marketing. Infrastructure improvements increased mobility and market access, while the collaborative forum among stakeholders strengthened synergy and the effectiveness of economic empowerment programs. In conclusion, the PAR approach is effective in empowering the economy of the Kelurahan Imbi community, creating targeted and sustainable solutions, and building community capacity to develop local economic potential. This success underscores the importance of community participation and stakeholder collaboration in creating sustainable socio-economic change.

Legal Policy Recommendations for Fostering Green Business Development: A Case Study of Enterprises in Vietnam

Green growth is one of the development trends many countries worldwide aim for Vietnam; green growth is also gradually becoming inevitable. However, businesses are among the critical subjects contributing to green growth and are still not interested in this trend. Objective: The article aimed to identify the key factors affecting green business development and proposed legal policy implications for green business development. Methodology: The author applied quality and quantitative methods; based on the study goal, the author surveyed 800 managers of green enterprises in five provinces and three cities in Vietnam and used structural equation modelling based on the quantitative research method. Result: The findings explored five critical factors affecting green business development: (1) financial capacity, (2) corporate culture, (3) leadership and business management capacity, (4) mechanisms and policies of the government and localities, and (5) the interaction of components in the business ecosystem. This comprehensive set of recommendations provides a strategic roadmap for Vietnam to foster green business development through effective legal policies. Conclusion: The article's contributions proposed recommendations to management agencies in developing and implementing mechanisms and policies to support and promote businesses to build in a green direction. Implementing these legal policy recommendations can significantly enhance the development of green enterprises in Vietnam. Unique Contribution: The novelty of this study was to supplement and complete the system of criteria for evaluating green business development, which is also the basis for businesses to recognize the effectiveness of current activities. Key Recommendation: From the above results, the author proposed to establish green financing programs, including low-interest loans, grants, and subsidies for green business initiatives to make improvements in each stage of the production process to increase efficiency while minimizing negative impacts on the environment.

Branch differentiation of financial mechanisms of enterprise restructuring

In the paper, the financial mechanism of enterprise restructuring is interpreted as a complex process, the object of comprehensive analysis, clear planning, effective implementation, the implementation of which allows enterprises to restore financial stability, increase competitiveness and ensure sustainable development in the long term. It has been proven that the general principles of the functioning of the financial restructuring mechanism are: transparent business conduct, openness in communication, mutual benefit, reaching consensus, analysis of all aspects of activity, integration of various measures, realistic goals, financial flexibility, constant monitoring, reporting to stakeholders, innovativeness, proactivity , flexibility and operational adaptation, alternative, optimality, etc. Adherence to the specified principles ensures the successful implementation of financial restructuring, increases trust in the enterprise and contributes to achieving its financial stability. It is shown that the sectoral differentiation of financial mechanisms of enterprise restructuring allows taking into account the specifics of each industry, ensuring effective management of financial risks and optimization of resources. Successful restructuring requires an individual approach that takes into account the unique needs and operating conditions of each enterprise. Based on the results of summarizing the experience of the functioning of financial mechanisms in various branches of the national economy, it was established that they differ in various aspects of restructuring, which can be of the following nature: adaptive, structural, structural-adaptive, integrative, security-oriented, reengineering of business processes. General financial instruments that can be used in all branches of the national economy are substantiated - state financing programs through the use of state grants, subsidies and credit programs to support restructuring measures, as well as public-private partnerships based on the involvement of private investors for joint financing of infrastructure projects.

Analysis of Customer's Religiosity, Product Knowledge, and Their Intention to Use Micro Financing Program (MFP) Based on Mudharabah Scheme

Analysis of Customer's Religiosity, Product Knowledge, and Their Intention to Use Micro Financing Program (MFP) Based on Mudharabah Scheme

Seller-Orchestrated Inventory Financing Under Bank Capital Regulation

To help small firms secure bank financing, large sellers often orchestrate joint finance programs, linking their small dealers with major banks that lend to all participating dealers based on the information the seller provides. We examine supply chain decisions (pricing and inventory) and lending terms under such seller-orchestrated financing programs. In loan pricing, we highlight a form of financial friction that is of particular importance under such schemes—bank capital regulation. Banks are globally mandated to maintain regulatory capital to mitigate unforeseen loan losses, using either the standardized approach (where regulatory capital is a fixed percentage of the loan amount) or the internal rating-based (IRB) approach (where it depends on the loan’s value-at-risk). We consider a game-theoretic model consisting of a large seller and multiple capital-constrained newsvendor-type dealers, who obtain financing from banks that are subject to capital regulation. The seller decides the wholesale price and whether to orchestrate a joint finance program for its dealers by collaborating with a bank, and the dealers choose their inventory level and the financing channel. We find that a seller should only orchestrate the joint financing program when the bank adopts the IRB approach and the dealers are of low risk. Such a program is more profitable to the seller when the demand correlation among dealers is low, and there is a large number of dealers. Although always benefiting the seller, these programs may hurt dealers with intermediate risk. Facing dealers with varying financial situations, the terms under the joint finance program should be designed as if the financially strong dealers subsidize the weak ones. Finally, allowing the seller to share part of the loan loss could further enhance the performance of joint financing, but only when the seller’s opportunity cost of capital is low. Our findings provide guidance to large sellers on how to orchestrate joint finance schemes, and to small dealers on making their corresponding operational decisions.

Closing the gap? Results-based financing and socioeconomic-related inequalities in maternal health outcomes in Zimbabwe.

The results-based financing (RBF) program, first implemented in Zimbabwe in 2011 and gradually expanded to other districts, aimed to address disparities in maternal health outcomes by improving the utilisation of health services. This study leverages the staggered rollout of the program as a quasi-experimental design to assess its impact on asset wealth-related inequalities in selected maternal health outcomes. The objective is to determine whether RBF can effectively reduce these disparities and promote equitable healthcare access. We employ an extended two-way fixed effects (ETWFE) model to exploit temporal variation in RBF implementation as well as individual-level variation in birth timing for identification. Utilising pooled cross-sectional and nationally representative data from the Zimbabwe demographic and health surveys collected between 1999 and 2015, our analysis reveals significant reductions in relative and absolute maternal health inequalities, especially in the frequency and timing of prenatal care, delivery by caesarean section, and family planning. Specifically, the RBF program is associated with reductions in disparities for completing at least four or more prenatal care visits (-0.026, p < 0.01), first-trimester prenatal care (-0.033, p < 0.01), delivery by caesarean section (-0.028, p < 0.005), and family planning (-0.033, p < 0.005). Additionally, the program is associated with improved prenatal care quality, as evidenced by progress on the prenatal care quality index (-0.040, p < 0.01). These effects are more pronounced among lower socioeconomic groups in RBF districts, highlighting RBF's potential to promote equitable healthcare access. Our findings advocate for targeted policy interventions prioritising expanding access to critical maternal health services in underserved areas and incorporating equity-focused measures within RBF frameworks to ensure inclusive and effective healthcare delivery in Zimbabwe and other low-income countries.

The sensitivity of agricultural biogas plants to changes in energy prices in Poland

In Poland, despite ambitious plans from 15 years ago, when it was assumed that by 2020, an agricultural biogas plant would be standard in every commune, the potential of agricultural biogas has not been used due to the lack of stable legal regulations and financing programmes for the construction of the plants. The situation has now changed due to new forms of support systems, which motivated the authors to compare two agricultural biogas plants operating in the certificate system and the support system in the form of feed-in premiums. Moreover, the authors pointed to differences in the number of agricultural biogas plants and their capacity by voivodeship due to changes in legal conditions in force in two periods: from 1 January 2011, to 30 June 2016, and from 1 July 2016, to 19 January 2024. Based on the research methods used ‒ including Earnings Before Interest, Taxes Depreciation and Amortisation, the Internal Rate of Return, risk matrix and data analysis in spatial terms ‒ it was indicated that: 1. agricultural biogas plants are characterised by very high sensitivity related to the probability of risk in the case of investment costs, substrate prices and changes in energy prices; 2. financial support is important at the stage of construction of a biogas plant, which largely makes it possible to shorten the payback period and thus increase the willingness of future investors to invest in biogas plants and 3. in the periods analysed, significant differences were noted in the spatial location of biogas plants due to trends towards lower-power biogas plants, which is probably dictated by the constant and predictable premium system in the new support system.

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem of Cooperatives in Mexico City

This study enhances our understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Mexico City, emphasizing their crucial roles in fostering cooperative activity within specific contexts. It delves into the intricate interplay of ecosystem elements and their interconnectedness, shedding light on how it shapes entrepreneurial ventures in the region. We used a qualitative methodological approach and conducted semi-structured interviews defined from theoretical analysis and snowball sampling to identify key local actors, how they interact, and what obstacles they face. Our data show that the ecosystem comprises many actors, such as social economy organizations, civil society, beneficiaries, and alternative markets, as well as such diverse elements as the regulatory framework, public policies, and financing programs. The actors who have the most impact and work most consistently with cooperatives are the academy, cooperative unions, and government entities. All of them actively interact with each other, but we underscore the need for greater dynamism to enhance entrepreneurial activity.

Peran Pembiayaan Tepat Guna dan Pendampingan oleh Fasilitator bagi Usaha Nasabah Prasejahtera Produktif BTPN Syariah Wilayah Pacitan

One of the BTPN Syariah programs involves inviting students to act as accompanying facilitators to empower customers who receive appropriate financing from BTPN Syariah. The Appropriate Financing Program is a program that provides financing to a group of productive underprivileged women in an area who want to open a business or are currently running a business to improve the economic welfare of their families with the Wakalah Wal Murabahah agreement. The Bestee program was realized to improve the entrepreneurial abilities, knowledge, soft skills and hard skills of customers or productive underprivileged mothers so that the financing provided can be as useful as it should be. Apart from facilitators, mentoring must be accompanied by the use of the Bestee Application for independent learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach using descriptive methods. The results of this research prove that appropriate financing plays an important role in customers' businesses and the assistance provided by accompanying facilitators is proven to be able to empower customers to manage their businesses so that they increase further accompanied by the existence of appropriate financing by BTPN Syariah.

The drivers of adult financial literacy: Exploring the role of attitudes towards finance

AbstractThis study investigates the factors driving the financial literacy of adult population in Spain using a regression count model (specifically the latent class Poisson model). The paper pays special attention to the effect of certain financial attitudes and financial personality traits (such as financial myopia, risk aversion, attitude to financial planning and self‐perception of financial vulnerability) upon financial literacy. The results demonstrate a positive association between the financial skills, the sociodemographic characteristics and the attitudes and personality traits of individuals regarding finances. Furthermore, the analysis permits the conclusion that the effects of the financial attitudes analysed in the study vary among the different population groups, which suggests the need to adapt financial literacy promotional programs to the characteristics of the target group. Findings have implications for financial educators, practitioners and policymakers to help them recognize the proper financial program to be delivered on the basis of the FL levels and the sociodemographic composition of the individuals.

Northeast Bank of Brazil's Role in Promoting Entrepreneurial Innovation in Family Farming through Renewable Energy Financing

Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of Banco do Nordeste (Northeast Bank of Brazil) in promoting innovative entrepreneurship in family farming through its renewable energy financing policies. Method: A quantitative research methodology was employed, involving a survey of 164 family farmers located in the rural areas of Rio Grande do Norte. The collected data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) to assess the relationships between entrepreneurial innovation, renewable energy adoption, and competitive advantage in family farming. Results: The findings demonstrate that innovative entrepreneurship facilitated by Banco do Nordeste's financing policies significantly contributes to 59.5% of the development in family farming. Furthermore, renewable energy adoption is shown to have a considerable influence, accounting for 39.3% of the entrepreneurial innovation by lowering operational costs and minimizing environmental impacts. These results underscore the critical role of Banco do Nordeste in supporting regional development and encouraging sustainable practices among family farmers. Conclusions: The study concludes that Banco do Nordeste’s renewable energy financing policies are instrumental in fostering entrepreneurial innovation and promoting the sustainable development of family farming. This emphasizes the need for increased awareness and dissemination of such financing programs to enhance their effectiveness. Additionally, the development of a framework for analyzing entrepreneurial innovation in family farming offers a valuable resource for future research and policy development.

Study on Overseas Expansion Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized Korean Construction Companies Using PEST Analysis

The purpose of this study is to research overseas expansion strategies for small and medium-sized construction companies(SMCCs) in South Korea. The research methodology employs PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis within the construction industry. Findings suggest increased investment in research and development, adoption of eco-friendly technologies, and localization strategies. By enhancing competitiveness through advanced technology adoption and strengthening sustainable practices aligned with global standards, firms can mitigate political and economic risks. Policy implications include collaboration with government and relevant agencies to support Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects, provide financial assistance, manage risks, and establish integrated information platforms. Moreover, enhancing capabilities through education and consulting programs in technology, law, finance, and risk management prepares firms for international expansion. This study offers specific solutions to Korean small and medium-sized construction companies, emphasizing enhanced policy support to successfully pursue expansion and growth opportunities in the global market.

Behavior Of Society In Management PNM Mekaar Loan Capital

This article aims to determine community behavior in providing loan capital from PNM Mekaar (Civil National Capital to foster a prosperous family economy) to the community in Tanjung Jati Village PTPN II District. Binjai, Langkat Regency. The government has established a financing program for business capital for people who lack capital. One of them is PT. PNM (Civil National Capital). PT. PNM (Civil National Capital) was established as part of the government's strategic solution to improve the welfare and economic equality of society through developing access to capital and capacity building programs for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This research uses qualitative research methods, using primary data sources. The results of the research are community behavior in managing loan capital from PNM Mekaar (Civil National Capital to foster a prosperous family economy) in the community in Tanjung Jati Village PTPN II Kec. Binjai, Langkat Regency with its development Business Enhancement Income Which Done by poor people by taking advantage of it Source Available Power.

Varadinum Summer School: Between perception and motivation

The Romanian society is currently facing numerous challenges, among which the issue of school dropout is becoming increasingly prominent. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between the perception and motivation of the target group (students in higher grades at risk of school dropout) to participate in the Varadinum Summer School, organized under the auspices of the University of Oradea - Faculty of Geography, Tourism, and Sport, and funded through the ROSE financing program. In this context, the organization of summer schools represents a serious alternative with beneficial effects in curbing school dropout. The obtained results will be utilized to optimize the selection process for the future target group and enhance the organizational management of the 2024 edition of the Varadinum Summer School.

Justification of key factors regarding the application of prospective ecological transport in the urban passenger transportation system

Research objective. Justification of the key factors that have an impact on the introduction of promising ecological transport in the system of urban passenger transport in order to improve the quality of transport services for passengers and improve ecology in densely populated cities. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the fuzzy Dematel method is used, which is based on graph theory and allows to classify all available factors that influence decision-making based on cause-and-effect relationships. Results. The eight key factors that form the transport project and the factors that have a significant impact on them are substantiated for the implementation of the transport project of the implementation of promising ecological passenger transport on urban routes into the transport system of urban passenger transportation. These include the level of development of modern transport technologies when transporting passengers on city routes and the availability of their support centers; the availability of financial programs for updating/restructuring the rolling stock fleet of the motor vehicle enterprise and the availability of the appropriate legal framework for preferential operation of electric passenger transport; rapid adaptation of the transport infrastructure of a modern city for the operation of ecological transport; compliance of ecological transport with the transport characteristics of the passenger transportation route; operational properties of a modern electric bus; the effect of relevant legislative initiatives regarding benefits for the purchase and costs of operating electric vehicles. Scientific novelty consists in identifying the interrelationships between the factors that form the transport project and the factors that have a significant influence on them, on the implementation of the transport project of the implementation of promising ecological passenger transport on urban routes into the transport system of urban passenger transport, which allows to estimate the possible economic costs of road transport enterprises carrying out passenger transportation. Practical significance lies in the determination of key factors that can be used for the implementation of a transport project for the use of promising ecological passenger transport in the system of urban passenger road transport