Financial Challenges Research Articles

Optimising Fiscal Decentralisation: Addressing Financial Management Challenges in Gorontalo Province

Fiscal decentralisation is the basic capital to reach better governance, regional development, and fiscal autonomy. This paper discusses financial management barriers and opportunities in the Gorontalo Province, a region with low fiscal autonomy, as shown by its index and heavy dependency on central government transfer. This qualitative research, using data from interviews and document studies, found various inefficiencies in the province, such as incongruence between expenditures and revenues, lack of coordination among stakeholders, non-compliance by taxpayers, and delays in financial reporting. Drawing on the theoretical work of Schick (1998) for a framework for public expenditure management and using empirical evidence, this paper proposes an integrated strategy toward a better fiscal management system, diversification of revenue sources, enhancements in planning techniques, introduction of comprehensive accounting mechanisms, and stakeholder participation. This paper contributes to the debate on fiscal decentralisation by giving practical suggestions on how to achieve fiscal autonomy and promote sustainable development in economically less-developed regions.

Mapping the field of climate finance research: a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT Over the past 10 years, the term ‘Climate Finance' has evolved and is now a popular topic in the climate policy community. To reduce the consequences of climate vulnerabilities and prepare for the negative effects of climate change, climate finance seeks various funding sources for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The primary goal of this study is to perform a comprehensive and updated bibliometric analysis to understand the evolution and current state of climate finance research and identify potential future research directions. The main findings indicate (1) climate finance research started in 2010, (2) most of the published literature, authors, and institutions in climate finance research are from China, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and (3) a large portion of scholarly literature in climate finance focuses on finance for low-carbon transition, renewable energy, and the challenges of climate funding.

EXPLORING SHARIA-BASED MSME DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF MAJOO POINT OF SALE TECHNOLOGY

This study examines how Sharia economics integration in the MSME business model can be optimized using Majoo POS technology. In the era of globalization and rapidly developing information technology, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) based on the Sharia economy need to continue to develop strategies to expand their markets and improve operational efficiency. MSMEs are the backbone of the national economy, but many face financial management and marketing challenges. The method used is a descriptive qualitative to identify the potential and challenges in implementing this strategy and provide recommendations for MSME actors and related stakeholders. The study results indicate that applying Sharia economics supported by Majoo POS technology can increase the competitiveness of MSMEs and positively contribute to the national economy. Majoo POS technology offers features that facilitate transaction recording, stock management, and real-time data analysis, which can improve the operational efficiency of MSMEs. The practical implications of this study are the importance of government and financial institution support in providing access and training related to technology for MSMEs based on the Sharia economy.

Bridging Financial Challenges in Young Biobanks-Funding Strategies from the Central Biobank Regensburg.

Bridging Financial Challenges in Young Biobanks-Funding Strategies from the Central Biobank Regensburg.

Donor Relation and Income Diversification Strategies of a Diocese in the Philippines

Religious organizations, particularly in the Philippines, face financial challenges and require effective resource mobilization strategies to ensure sustainability. This study investigates donor relations and income diversification strategies within a Philippine diocese, examining funding policies, relationship management, donor influence, and income generation to address financial sustainability challenges faced by religious organizations. It analyzes these strategies through a descriptive-comparative design, utilizing data from 128 clergy and Parish Pastoral Council members. Findings reveal significant differences in perceptions between these groups regarding donor relations and income diversification, highlighting the need for collaborative approaches to financial management. This research contributes to understanding resource mobilization in religious organizations and offers practical insights for enhancing financial stability and autonomy.

Advancing primate conservation: a global collection of education and outreach initiatives.

This special issue on Primate Conservation Education and Outreach assembles the largest collection of conservation education interventions focused on primates to date, aiming to highlight the urgent need for educational initiatives to mitigate the ongoing threats to primate species. Despite decades of warnings from primatologists about the escalating risks to primate populations, including habitat loss, illegal hunting, and human-primate conflict, conservation education remains underdeveloped in the field of primatology. This issue explores 20 diverse case studies from across the globe, with contributions from field sites in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. The education programmes discussed range in scope, duration, and target audience, with many linked to long-term research projects. Akey finding is the significant variation in programme design and evaluation methods, with challenges in assessing long-term behaviour change and conservation impact. The issue emphasises the importance of creative, participatory approaches such as puppet shows, community outreach, and place-based education, which have proven successful in fostering deeper engagement and understanding of primate conservation. Despite the barriers faced, including limited funding and cultural challenges, the authors stress the importance of both small-scale and long-term educational interventions in the global effort to protect primates. This volume serves as a call to action for primatologists to integrate conservation education into their research and outreach efforts, thereby contributing to the preservation of our closest living relatives.

Determinants of the Financial Impact of Orphan Drugs in Italy: Differences Between Expected and Observed Pharmaceutical Expenditure.

The increasing demand for orphan drugs and the financial challenges associated with their reimbursement highlights the need to understand the dynamics between expected and actual pharmaceutical expenditures, particularly in the context of pricing and reimbursement negotiations. The study aims to identify the potential determinants of the difference in expected pharmaceutical spending after negotiation and the actual expenditure incurred (ΔS), as well as the difference in expected pharmaceutical spending before and after the price and reimbursement negotiation process (ΔSn) for rare disease drugs in Italy. The analysis focused on orphan drugs authorised by European Medicines Agency, with reimbursement applications to the Italian Medicines Agency from January 2013 to January 2019. Expected post-negotiation spending was estimated by applying negotiated discounts and financial-based market entry agreements to the expected pharmaceutical expenditure. The actual expenditure was approximated through company turnovers. Beta regression models were applied to identify potential determinants of ΔS and ΔSn. The study analysed 52 reimbursed orphan drugs, with 41 (78.8%) with a single indication, 25 (48.1%) antineoplastics and immunomodulators and 18 (34.6%) conditionally/fully innovative. The median expenditure in the first 3 years post-commercialisation was 7.6% lower than expected post-negotiation. The reduction was less pronounced for innovative drugs (p = 0.011), drugs with a prices and reimbursement procedure in the subsequent 3 years (p = 0.007) and those with multiple indications (p = 0.021). Payment-by-result was the only significant variable associated with the expected spending ratio before and after negotiation (p = 0.002). The actual expenditure for orphan drugs aligns with the expected post-negotiation. Yet, innovative orphan drugs exhibit a higher actual expenditure than estimated, suggesting the market values their added therapeutic value or the actual therapeutic need they meet, and configuring innovativeness status as the main determinant of the orphan drugs financial impact in the multiple regression analysis.

Framing Strategic Risk and a Look at the Calf Retention Decision

A business strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve specific goals and objectives using available resources. For most businesses, profitability is a primary objective. When a farm or ranch develops a business strategy to increase profits, it creates a roadmap that informs future decisions for financial success. But when does a business strategy become a risk? At first glance, this may seem like a trivial question. However, in the unpredictable world of agriculture, understanding how uncertainty affects the achievement of strategic goals is fundamental to managing an operation successfully. This is the essence of managing strategic risk. Strategic risks arise from uncertainties that can derail a business strategy. Internal uncertainties, such as poor communication or financial challenges, are common culprits. Communication breakdowns often hinder the implementation of strategies within agricultural operations. Similarly, financial uncertainties, especially low cash flow, are a leading cause of business failure. Even the best ideas cannot succeed without adequate financial resources.

A case of disseminated nocardia infection with initial symptoms manifesting as cognitive impairment: Case report and literature review.

Nocardia infections, although rare, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment, especially when involving the central nervous system (CNS). Mortality rates in such cases can be high, highlighting the need for early recognition and tailored antimicrobial therapy. A 58-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis, and steroid-induced diabetes mellitus presented with disorganized speech, fever, cough, dyspnea, and psychiatric symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, left pneumothorax, bilateral pulmonary bullae, and CNS involvement. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified Nocardia farcinica as the causative agent. Initial treatment with ceftriaxone was ineffective. Upon identification of N. farcinica via NGS, the patient was started on a tailored antimicrobial regimen consisting of sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, and meropenem. Despite initial clinical improvement, the patient was discharged early due to financial constraints. Unfortunately, he later succumbed to the infection. This case underscores the difficulty of diagnosing Nocardia infections, particularly when they involve the CNS. The use of advanced diagnostic tools such as NGS, along with early and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Financial and healthcare access challenges may impact the success of treatment, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive follow-up and patient support.

Triangulation and Delphi method analysis of alternative management scheme for sustainable public-rented flats

Purpose Currently, public-rented flats in Jakarta Province are managed by the Management Unit of Public-Rented Flats (MUPRF), which uses the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (RREB) as the source of its financing. However, several previous studies have suggested that the MUPRF change its institutional scheme, to be more independent and not rely on the RREB as its source of finance. The study aims to identify three variable groups, public-rented flats’ characteristics, alternative institutional and financial schemes and challenges in the change of institutional and financial schemes. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative research, where both triangulation and the Delphi method are used to enrich findings. Triangulation is used to collect data from more than one source, and the Delphi method is used to gather opinions from experts and reach a consensus on the variables identified in the triangulation process. Findings Based on the findings there are 11 variables of public-rented flats’ characteristics, three variables of alternative institutional and financial schemes and four variables of challenges in the change of institutional and financial scheme. Research limitations/implications Through the triangulation process, only two sources were used, sources from previous research and regulations. In the Delphi method process, experts were staff from the Department of Community Housing and Settlement of the DKI Jakarta Province. Originality/value This research will be used as the basis on developing a system dynamics on how the MUPRF works as a system to figure out whether it can be changed into the alternative scheme proposed, with all the characteristics and challenges identified.

Understanding the Interaction Between Family Dynamics and Childhood Obesity in the Middle Eastern Population: A Qualitative Study.

We aim to understand the interaction between family dynamics and lifestyle behaviors of school-age children with overweight or obesity in Oman. The outcomes would clarify the mediating familial determinants that contribute to childhood obesity in the Middle East population. A qualitative phenomenological approach. Mothers of school-age children with overweight or obesity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted following an interview guide, and thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and subthemes. The study identified three main themes based on data collected from 12 participants. The first theme, "Children's Lifestyle Behaviors," highlighted the need to address unhealthy food consumption, low physical activity, and inconsistent sleeping habits. The second theme, "Parenting Lifestyle behaviors," underscored the importance of regaining control over children's eating behaviors, fostering shared interest in outdoor activities, and establishing a consistent sleep routine. Lastly, the third theme, "Determinants of Parenting Lifestyle Behaviors," identified factors such as parental stress, the high cost of healthy options, cultural influence on healthy eating, limited outdoor activity options, and the availability of unhealthy snacks in schools. Our study underscores the need for family-centered obesity programs that address several determinants of parenting lifestyle behaviors, including psychological, financial, social, and environmental challenges.

DropStop

It is a student-centric initiative aimed at addressing the alarming issue of school dropouts. The platform focuses on identifying students at risk of discontinuing their education due to financial constraints, family issues, health challenges, or lack of access to quality learning resources. It provides a comprehensive support system, including financial aid, mentorship programs, remote learning opportunities, and mental health counseling. By leveraging data-driven insights and community involvement. It aspires to bridge the gap between students and educational resources, empowering them to resume and continue their studies seamlessly. This project envisions a world where every student, regardless of their circumstances, has the opportunity to fulfill their academic potential.

Broad-Spectrum Detoxification of Snake Venoms With Supramolecular Materials Integrated via Molecular Recognition and Coassembly.

Snakebite is a medical emergency that often leads to high mortality and morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions. The diversity in venom composition between various types of snakes necessitates the use of different specific antivenom treatments, which presents clinical and financial challenges in the management of snakebites. Therefore, developing a broad-spectrum antidote to neutralize complex and diverse snake venoms has assumed critical importance. Herein, a broad-spectrum antidote is developed through molecular recognition and coassembly to neutralize four kinds of snake venom toxins, those are three-finger toxin (3FTx), snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and snake venom serine protease (SVSP), which have high abundance and toxicity. The coassembly of sulfonate-modified amphiphilic calixarene (SCA) and amphiphilic cyclodextrin (CD) is employed to neutralize the toxicity of 3FTx, 1,2-dodecanedithiol (DDT) and thioetheramide phosphorylcholine (TEAPC) are introduced through coassembly to neutralize toxicity of SVMP and PLA2, respectively, and the nafamostat (NT), which can be loaded through the host-guest complexation, is employed to neutralize toxicity of SVSP. The broad-spectrum antidote, NT@SCA/CD/DDT/TEAPC, effectively neutralizes key toxins from the most medically important cobra and vipers, significantly improving survival rates of poisoned mice. This study conceptually validated the feasibility of broad-spectrum detoxification and also offers a conveniently integrated supramolecular strategy.

Acceptance and use of extended reality in surgical training: an umbrella review

BackgroundExtended reality (XR) technologies which include virtual, augmented, and mixed reality have significant potential in surgical training, because they can help to eliminate the limitations of traditional methods. This umbrella review aimed to investigate factors that influence the acceptance and use of XR in surgical training using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model.MethodsAn umbrella review was conducted in 2024 by searching various databases until the end of 2023. Studies were selected based on the predefined eligibility criteria and analyzed using the components of the UTAUT model. The quality and risk of bias of the selected studies were assessed, and the findings were reported descriptively.ResultsA total of 44 articles were included in this study. In most studies, XR technologies were used for surgical training of orthopedics, neurology, and laparoscopy. Based on the UTAUT model, the findings indicated that XR technologies improved surgical skills and procedural accuracy while simultaneously reducing risks and operating room time (performance expectancy). In terms of effort expectancy, user-friendly systems were accessible for the trainees with various levels of expertise. From a social influence standpoint, XR technologies enhanced learning by providing positive feedback from experienced surgeons during surgical training. In addition, facilitating conditions emphasized the importance of resource availability and addressing technical and financial limitations to maximize the effectiveness of XR technologies in surgical training.ConclusionsXR technologies significantly improve surgical training by increasing skills and procedural accuracy. Although adoption is facilitated by designing user-friendly interfaces and positive social influences, financial and resource challenges must be overcome, too. The successful integration of XR into surgical training necessitates careful curriculum design and resource allocation. Future research should focus on overcoming these barriers, so that XR can fully realize its potential in surgical training.

Experiences with Internships: Perceptions of Undergraduate Publishing Students at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

The Industrial internship is the platform that enables students to experience the practical aspects of what they learn outside the classroom. The internship is a facilitator that allows students to put into practice what they have learned in school. The study assessed students’ opinions of their internship experience to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system. Data were collected from 160 students from the Publishing Department. The survey instrument used to gather information and data from the respondents was a well-structured questionnaire consisting of 37 test items. The students responded to the questionnaire using Google Forms, which were sent to the sampled students. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that most of the interns felt that the courses they took on campus before the internship improved their understanding of the issues they encountered at the workplace during the internship. Most respondents believed that industrial placement improves interns’ career choices. The respondents recommended that the University reviews the staff visit times at the companies where students undertake their internships. Respondents also cited financial challenges as the biggest problem during the internship programme. Students enjoyed completing internships in industry, and believe that it will enhance their career goals and job opportunities. The study presents a clear road map to strengthen the Student Internship programme and contribute immensely to the industry’s growth. Also, the publishing industry can leverage on the findings to improve its internship policy. Keywords: Industrial Internship, Internship Experiences, Undergraduate Students, Perceptions, Learners.

The Challenges of Overcoming the External Constraint in Latin America: An Examination of the Potentials and Challenges of Green Financing Using a Political Economy Perspective

The Challenges of Overcoming the External Constraint in Latin America: An Examination of the Potentials and Challenges of Green Financing Using a Political Economy Perspective

Drivers and Challenges in Achieving Corporate Carbon Neutrality—Qualitative Investigation of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies

ABSTRACTThe importance of attaining carbon neutrality (CN) has progressively increased in addressing climate change, and consequently, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has emerged as a promising tool in this pursuit. Nevertheless, a dearth of scholarly discourse exists about the factors that drive the implementation of CCUS in the context of corporate CN and the challenges that inhibit the adoption of CCUS for CN. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by analyzing open‐ended essays to gain cardinal insights into the experiences and perspectives of companies successfully implementing CCUS for CN. The collected (qualitative) data underwent rigorous analysis to synthesize three distinct dimensions encompassing various aspects of CCUS to achieve CN. The study identifies multiple CCUS components employed to manage carbon emissions effectively. It underscores the five drivers accelerating the adoption of CCUS and classifies them as intrinsic or extrinsic drivers. Various challenges impeding the successful adoption of CCUS have been pinpointed as emanating from financial, human resource, operational, technological, and strategic challenges; technology development and infrastructural challenges, environmental impacts; and social and regulatory challenges. Our research renders valuable theoretical and practical insights based on the prevalent discourse regarding the implementation of CCUS in the field of CN with a comprehensive and inclusive approach.

Establishing an Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Program

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a complex, life-saving procedure that uses mechanical support for patients with refractory cardiac arrest, representing the pinnacle of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) applications. Effective ECPR requires precise patient selection, rapid mobilization of a multidisciplinary team, and skilled cannulation techniques. Establishing a program necessitates a cohesive ECMO system that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, which is essential for managing acute cardiogenic shock and severe pulmonary failure. ECPR is suited for selected patients, emphasizing the need to optimize every step of cardiac arrest management—from public education to advanced post-resuscitation care. The flexibility of ECMO teams allows them to manage various emergencies such as cardiogenic shock, massive pulmonary embolism, and severe asthma, showcasing the program’s adaptability. Launching an ECPR program involves addressing logistical, financial, and organizational challenges. This includes gaining administrative approval, assembling a diverse team, and crafting detailed protocols and training regimens. The development process entails organizing teams, refining protocols, and training extensively to ensure operational readiness. A systematic approach to building an ECPR program involves establishing a team, defining patient selection criteria, and evaluating caseloads. Critical elements like patient transport protocols and anticoagulation management are vital for the program’s success. In conclusion, initiating an ECPR program demands thorough planning, collaborative effort across specialties, and ongoing evaluation to improve outcomes in critical cardiac emergencies. This guide offers practical insights to support institutions in navigating the complexities of ECPR program development and maintenance.

Navigating Challenges and Coping Strategies Among Family Caregivers of Memory-Impaired Stroke Survivors in Metro Cebu, Philippines

This study explored the lived experiences of family caregivers for stroke survivors with memory impairments in Metro Cebu, Philippines, using a qualitative design. In-depth semi-structured interviews with six caregivers were analyzed using Yin’s five-phase thematic analysis. Three key themes emerged: (1) Nurturing Patient Well-Being, highlighting the emotional and physical demands of caregiving; (2) Navigating the Trials of Caregiving, detailing the emotional, psychological, and financial challenges caregivers face; and (3) Altered Life Course, illustrating the lifestyle changes and coping mechanisms employed. The findings emphasize the need for structured support systems and tailored caregiving guidelines for occupational therapists to assist caregivers.

An Evaluation of the Nature and Extent of Challenges Encountered by Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in Botswana During COVID-19

This study sought to identify and evaluate the nature and extent of challenges faced by SMMEs in Botswana during the COVID-19 pandemic. It found that SMMEs in Botswana encountered several challenges but the most important were financial (75.4%), technological (74.4%), and human resource (68.8%) challenges. Specifically, these were drop in sales/business (89.2%), need for accelerated digitisation (45.8%), and capacity to ensure the well-being of employees (58.4%). Also, there were challenges with accessing and utilising government programmes despite a high level of awareness among SMMEs. Some challenges may be more important in some sectors than others as there was a significant association between challenges and SMME industry sector. The dominance of financial, technological, and human resource challenges underscores the central role of they play in SMME operations. It is not enough for governments to avail resources, programmes, policies and frameworks in support of SMMEs. Effort needs to be expended promote uptake.