Financial Side Research Articles

The Walt Disney Companys Challenge

Walt Disney is the most famous and largest entertainment company in the world. However, it also met plenty of problems from the time it started until now. These problems can occur on the financial side, it can happen in the copyright of the films and characters, and it also can occur in the making of the movie and the relationship with their employees because no one company can be operated mainly without any challenges. Walt Disney Company met different problems during different periods. For example, in early 1940, the company had a severe financial problem. In the early 20th century, the company met the challenge of its film industry. In the 21st century, the company had the risk of being outdated with the rapid development of the internet and the entertainment platform. In 2019, the company was influenced by the covid-19, during the pandemic period, the global economy into recession, the tourism industry was declined significantly. This article analyzes Walt Disney's solution to face these challenges.

The dark side of finance: the link between financialisation and labour investment in emerging Asian countries

The dark side of finance: the link between financialisation and labour investment in emerging Asian countries

Unveiling the role of city commercial banks in influencing land financialization: Evidence from China

Local financial development is crucial for advancing regional financial supply side structural reform, enabling local governments to leverage financial instruments to effectively mobilize land resources and foster competitive growth. The introduction of numerous financial products linked to land-related rights and interests has resulted in a pronounced transmission and interconnection of fiscal and financial risks across regions. This study examines the impact of local financial development on land financialization in China using panel data from prefecture-level cities and detailed information on land mortgages. The findings indicate that the establishment of city commercial banks (CCBs) contributes to the progress of land financialization by incentivizing local government financing vehicles to participate in land mortgage financing, increasing the transfer of debt risks to the financial sector. Notably, the impact of CCBs on land financialization is more pronounced in regions with urban agglomeration, high GDP manipulation, inadequate local financial regulation, and robust implicit government guarantees. Further analysis reveals that CCB establishment has negative spillover effects on land financialization in neighboring areas, while expansion strategies such as establishing intercity branches, engaging in cross-regional mergers, and relaxing regulations have mitigated the rise of land financialization at the regional level. This study provides policy recommendations that focus on reducing local governments’ reliance on land financing and enhancing the prevention and management of financial risks.

Diversifikasi Sumber Keuangan Perguruan Tinggi Melalui Pendirian Koperasi Syariah

The quality of higher education does not only talk about the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, but many other aspects that must be improved, including from the financial side. There needs to be diversification (diversity of financial sources) as an effort to improve the quality of education through other financial sources. One of the solutions that can be done is through the establishment of Sharia Cooperatives. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of diversifying financial resources of higher education through sharia cooperatives. The object of this research is STAI Ki Ageng Pekalongan. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques carried out are observation (observation), interviews, and documentation. The results of this research analysis conclude that through the establishment of sharia cooperatives in STAI Ki Ageng Pekalongan can help in diversifying financial resources. The presence of sharia cooperatives can reduce dependence on only one source of income and can be used to improve the quality of education at STAI Ki Ageng Pekalongan.

Problems and Strategies of Financial Services Supporting the Real Economy

With the rapid development of China's economy, the status and role of the financial industry in the national economy have become increasingly prominent. The healthy development of the financial industry is of great significance for promoting the development of the real economy, adjusting the economic structure, and upgrading the economy. However, there are still some problems with financial services supporting the real economy in China, such as the misallocation of financial resources, high financing costs, and rising financial risks. These issues limit the support financial services can provide to the real economy. This paper analyzes the main problems currently existing in financial services supporting the real economy and proposes countermeasures from optimizing the allocation of financial resources, reducing financing costs for the real economy, preventing and resolving financial risks, and deepening the structural reform of the financial supply side. The aim is to provide references for relevant personnel.

Research on the Role of Platform Economy in Credit for Small and Micro Enterprises - A Case Study of Alibaba

In the financial market, the financing needs of the micro-economy are concentrated at the long tail, and its development has always been a focus of social attention. In recent years, China has made significant efforts to address the financing challenges faced by small and micro enterprises. Despite these efforts, the financial support allocated to these enterprises remains disproportionate to their economic contributions. Unlike large and medium-sized enterprises, small and micro enterprises (SMEs) still struggle to obtain adequate financial resources, highlighting the incomplete coverage of the current Chinese financial system. As a result, these enterprises continue to encounter difficulties in securing necessary funding. Fintech can help these enterprises choose financing platforms and methods that match their development, enrich their financing channels, improve the loan issuance efficiency of financial institutions, precisely support their development, and ensure that the interests of stakeholders are realized. The report from the 20th National Congress emphasized the importance of establishing a supportive environment for the advancement of technology-driven SMEs. It also advocated for fostering the growth of specialized and innovative companies. This initiative sends a clear signal encouraging SMEs to innovate independently, which will undoubtedly have an important and far-reaching positive impact. However, SMEs are financially fragile, with prominent contradictions between their financing needs and the financial supply side. The integration of finance and technology has changed the operational mechanism of the financial industry. Fintech companies, through the application of emerging technologies, have expanded their business scope to long-tail small and micro clients, bringing new platforms for financing to these enterprises. This paper studies the case of Alibaba’s “Digital Hybrid Trade Show” initiative to further explore how fintech can be more effectively applied to the financing of SMEs, thereby aiding their stable and healthy development.

Effects of an Eventual Upcoming Withdrawal of Pension Funds

The three withdrawals from pension funds injected almost US$ 50.000 billion into the market bringing with them inflationary pressures in the short and medium term, a decision that was harmful to people and companies. On the economic side, more than half of domestic inflation is due to the three withdrawals, decreasing the value of people´s money and increase the interest rates. On the pension side, eleven million people managed to withdraw their money and almost four million people were left without their funds. For women a drop of 33% in the amount of the future pension and for men a 24% on average. And on the financial side, a destruction of the capital market causing a significant drop in assets prices and companies to stop investing in big projects in Chile. During 2023, a new project was carried out on a new withdrawal of pension funds but it the form of a self-loan, a benefit that would have between one million and ten million Chilean pesos saved in their accounts to withdraw up to one million Chilean pesos. The purpose of this work is to see the effects of a possible fourth withdrawal from pension funds. And we conclude that an upcoming retirement has three consequences. In the economic sense, it would bring with another increase in the monetary base, which in turn translates into an increase in inflation. In the sense of pensions, more than three million people would again run out of funds and would cause a potential additional 16% drop in the amounts of future pension affecting the current saving of contributors. Finally, in the financial sense, the capital markets would be destroyed, causing a significant drop in assets prices and companies to stop investing in big projects in Chile.

Due Diligence in Financial Aspects for Mobile Fuel Station Business Development

The fuel sales of motorcycle experience complex dynamics, particularly in satisfying consumer demand for leanness and ease of service. The Mobile Fuel Station (MFS) service innovation, powered by information technology, was created to accelerate the establishment of new sales outlets and enhance the efficiency and convenience of consumer service. However, this option requires substantial expenses, necessitating due diligence on the financial side. The objective of this study is to evaluate and ensure the feasibility of the Mobile Fuel Station Investment Program (PI MFS). The research findings indicate that the Return on Investment (ROI) is 18.46%, with a positive Net Present Value (NPV) and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 23.42% in the sixth year so that PI MFS is feasible to implement. To shorten short-term debt obligations, PI MFS has a current ratio of 2.64 times. Additionally, a 32.06% DER value indicates that a greater proportion of its financing comes from equity rather than debt. This research provides direction for the future development of more efficient managerial practices, as well as generates investor interest by demonstrating the potential for growth and profitability.

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES: HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND THE SDGS IN THE EU – A CLUSTER ANALYSIS

The aim of this study is to classify Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the European Union (EU) based on the financial and knowledge barriers they face in im- plementing sustainable practices. The data was collected from European universities through the European Deans Council for Sustainable Development (DECODE) sustain- ability project. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group countries based on their sustainability barriers, and each cluster was analyzed based on the socio-economic struc- ture of the countries and the management organization of the universities. The findings suggest that countries with low scores on both the knowledge and financial side exhibit similarities and those facing higher financial barriers also tend to experience lower levels of knowledge barriers. The study provides valuable insights into the challenges and needs of HEIs in each country regarding Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research can guide policymakers and universities in developing effective strategies to overcome financial and knowledge barriers and promote sustainability practices in HEIs.

Foreign trade and domestic networks — A few remarks on the organisation of tributary embassies to China in the Muromachi period

The aim of this article is to rethink the connection between foreign trade and domestic economy in late medieval Japan.The article takes a look at the financial side of the tributary missions to Ming China, investigating how commodities for tribute and for trade were organised. In the 1970s, Sasaki Gin’ya was the first to criticise that research on foreign trade and research on the domestic economy were being conducted separately. He emphasised the importance of complex interdisciplinary research in order to reveal the connection between foreign trade and the domestic economy. Even though this issue had been previously raised, no research had been conducted with the explicit purpose of connecting foreign trade and the domestic economy during the Muromachi period until the past two decades. Contributions that have been made in recent years have aimed at revealing the connections between domestic commercial or religious networks with foreign relations, mainly focusing on the role of Zen monks in diplomacy and trade and on the import and distribution of commodities from China. In Western scholarship, this topic is still under-researched and provides potential for further investigations. Thus, the paper tries to provide an inventory of case studies that help us imagine and understand what kinds of connections existed between domestic networks and foreign trade in medieval Japan that made the procuring of tribute items and commercial products for official trade in China possible. Being aware of networks in medieval society, such as the religious network—and also closely connected to that the commercial network—of Honganji or Tenryūji, can help us connect the scattered and loose information in the sources, in order to explain what contributed to the development of foreign trade. The paper argues that despite the weakening of shogunal power, tributary trade continued because the structure of ship management transformed. Tribute ships became part of commercial ventures backed by the flourishing late medieval Japanese economy, and the increase of capital led to an increase in investors who were ready to participate in trade with China. The way that products were procured shows different patterns that provide good examples to help us understand how local commercial, social, and religious networks were utilised for procuring Japanese commodities.

Деятельность русских военных инструкторов в Монголии: финансовый аспект (1912–1914 гг.)

This scientific research is devoted to the topic of the initial stage of the history of the activities of Russian instructors who took part in the construction of the regular army of Mongolia at the beginning of the XX century. In his article, the author seeks to highlight a hitherto little-studied aspect of this problem – the financial side of Russian Mongolian military cooperation. The study analyzes in detail the features of loan agreements between Russia and Mongolia aimed at ensuring the process of military training. The author has identified the main participants in the scheme built by the authorities of the Russian Empire with the aim of organizing the delivery of funds to Mongolia – the consular service, the Kyakhta district treasury, branches of the Russo-Asiatic and State Banks in Troitskosavsk. The structure of the mechanism of cooperation between them in the process of organizing Russia's provision of financial assistance to Mongolia has been reconstructed.

Natural Disasters and Human Development in Asia–Pacific: The Role of External Debt

The average country in Asia–Pacific experiences more natural disasters than average countries of other developing regions. This paper presents stylized facts on natural disasters, human development, and external debt in Asia–Pacific. The paper also contains estimates of the effects that natural disasters have on human development. Controlling for country- and time-fixed effects, the dynamic panel model estimates show that external debt has a mitigating effect on the adverse impacts that natural disasters have on human development; in countries with low external debt-to-GDP ratios, natural disasters significantly decrease the human development index, but not so in countries with high external debt-to-GDP ratios. External debt (i.e., borrowing from abroad) is a financial contract for obtaining resources from abroad (i.e., imports of goods and services). When a country experiencing a natural disaster borrows from abroad to increase imports of goods and services, the population suffers less when a natural disaster strikes. Natural disasters destroy goods and capital (e.g., food, machinery, buildings, and roads) in the countries in which they occur. If imports of goods and services do not increase, then the population has less goods and services to consume following a natural disaster. By increasing imports, which are mirrored on the financial side by an increase in external debt, the population of a country that was struck by a natural disaster can experience consumption smoothing. As the incidence of natural disasters increases globally, a policy recommendation for disaster-prone countries, supported by the empirical results of this paper, is the need for deeper and innovative mechanisms of access to international financing, including reforms in both domestic and international financial systems. The paper’s most significant contribution is the unique lens through which it analyzes the often-studied subject of natural disasters. Rather than looking at disasters as merely adverse events and debt as an unwelcome obligation in isolation, it connects the two and uncovers the paradoxically positive and beneficial role a healthy level of external debt can play in mitigating the adverse effects of these disasters. It provides a fresh perspective, a shift in thinking that may immensely benefit external debt and disaster management policies.

PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, NILAI PERUSAHAAN, FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, NPM DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP PERATAAN LABA

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of firm size, firm value, financial leverage, net profit margin and profitability on income smoothing practices in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 208-2020. From several sample selection criteria, 35 companies were selected by purposive sampling method that met the criteria. Processing research data using logistic regression analysis which is processed using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) edition 26. The results shows that company size, financial leverage, net profit margin and profitability have no effect on income smoothing, while firm value has a negative effect to income smoothing. The implication of this study is for investors to be more thorough and critical in assessing the company's performance, especially from the financial side in making investment decisions.

Differentiation of stocks by the ABC approach in the synergy of the order penetration point of the logistics chain

This research summarizes the results of the scientific discussion about the logistic chain and its order penetration point and influences on the costs of stocks. The main goal of this article is to point out determining the order penetration point of the logistics chain and differentiation of stocks according to importance from the point of view of optimizing costs and securing liquid financial resources. The object of the research was the industrial company. In this research, methods focused on using ABC analysis and Pareto analysis. The results of this research show 5 order penetration points (OPP1-OPP5) and a Push and Pull system to manage material flows for order penetration point of the logistics chain at the customer's order point. Cost optimization was solved by classifying the stocks into categories A, B, and C which is an important fact for planning and inventory management. ABC method divided 100 types of inventories with costs €5 million into categories A, B, C. Critical types of stocks in category A represents the group of stocks 38,92,7,52,13,54,90 that were reduced. This reduction of critical stocks led to the release of funds tied up in stocks. This change has a positive effect on the financial side of the company's cash flow – financial flows.

Research on the Transformation of Traditional Commercial Banks Based on the Perspective of Financial Technology

With the rapid development of technology and the acceleration of the process of informationization, the financial industry has paid increasing attention to financial technology. The rise of financial technology can help improve the operational efficiency of the financial system, promote the structural change of the financial supply side, promote the development of "double cycle", and promote the high-quality development of China's economy. Fintech has had a profound impact on the business model of the traditional banking industry, transforming it from intermediary to platform. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data analysis, blockchain and cloud computing have brought more efficient, convenient and personalized financial services to the banking industry. In the face of changing market demand and fierce competition, traditional banks have begun to transform with the help of technology. However, there are still certain challenges in the process of financial technology change. To achieve the transformation, traditional banks must develop a clear digitalization strategy and invest more in technology strength and architecture. Traditional banking firms should establish partnerships with fintech firms, innovative companies, and others to develop innovations and share resources. In addition, they should pay attention to customer experience and provide personalized, convenient, and high-quality financial services to customers. This project will contribute to an in-depth understanding of how fintechs change traditional business models and facilitate the transformation of commercial banks in the fintech environment.

Research on Green Finance Supporting Green and Sustainable Development of Railway Enterprises

In the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization in China, there is a strong demand for energy, while carbon emissions have not yet reached their peak. As an important market-incentivized environmental policy tool, green finance plays an increasingly important role in the process of carbon neutrality. The railway is the backbone of the transportation system, and a complete green finance application model has not yet been formed in its green development process. This article focuses on the impact of green finance on railway enterprises, analyzes the challenges and necessity faced by the development of green finance in railway. It also explores the green and sustainable development methods of railway enterprises, analyzes the application of green financial tools in enterprises, and proposes exploration and expansion suggestions from the development path and mechanism of green finance in railway enterprises. The study has shown that the main sources of green funds for railway construction come from green loans and green bonds. The construction of a green transformation plan takes green funds as an important innovative financing method. In the railway industry, enterprises innovate and develop financial service supply side reforms through green insurance and green leasing, and apply carbon trading and related financial derivatives to obtain green development benefits. Carrying out green finance in the railway industry can optimize financing structure, broaden financing channels, reduce the overall financing costs, and guide funds to clean, science and technology and other key areas, which is of great significance to support the high-quality development and green upgrading of the railway enterprises.

Borsa Istanbul Sectoral Connectedness Analysis

This study examines the volatility connectedness among banks, industrials, and services subindices of Borsa Istanbul using the Diebold-Yılmaz connectedness index methodology. The findings indicate that the banks index typically acts as a net receiver of connectedness from industrials and services indices. If the banks index is considered a proxy for the financial side of the Turkish economy while the other two represent the real side, this result aligns with earlier observations on the connectedness between the real and financial sides of economies. Specifically, it suggests that when a proxy for the real side incorporates financial variables, the real side tends to be a net source of connectedness most of the time. As shock propagators, industrials play a dominant role, and the banks index often moves in the opposite direction to the other two sectors.
 Key Words: Real and Financial Sectors, Financial Connectedness, Volatility, Borsa Istanbul.
 JEL Classification: C32, E44, G10.

Abstract 5027: Simplified selective electrochemical detection of ctDNA differentiates between cancer progression and regression

Abstract Advanced cancers therapies, including personalized ones, often fail. Rapid evaluation of treatment efficacy is therefore critical to reduce medical and financial side effects and, most importantly, facilitate the implementation of a therapy most appropriate for that individual. Current approaches for evaluating treatment are too slow and expensive to rapidly modify therapy. The previously documented selective affinity of DNA to Au surfaces, albeit cumbersome, unsuitable for point-of-care (PoC) applications and having poor discrimination ability, suggested a solution to this clinically important problem. Methods presented herein potentially solve the problem as first illustrated by a studies of plasma from those with and without cancers. Multiple improvements, most notably optimized buffer conditions dramatically changed and enhanced the difference in adsorption between ctDNA and normal cfDNA drastically improving assay performance. The enhanced sensitivity of this Therascape™ assay was not only able to better detect the difference between healthy and cancer cfDNA but demonstrated potential for the monitoring of cancer treatment efficacy. De-identified clinical samples of the few patients that the Scripps Biorepository and University of Colorado supplied had samples before and after treatment, and were known to have progressed or responded in the interim, were analyzed. This initial group included 6 lymphoma patients and two NSCLC patients (in one case the cfDNA was isolated from urine). One of the patient samples taken before initiating therapy was in the healthy range and considered ineligible for the assay. Ten before and after pairs were then evaluated in a blinded fashion. TheraScape correctly correlated with the change in cancer burden in each pair (10/10 times, p = 0.00016, paired t-test). In some cases the “after” specimen was ~1 month after therapy began. The presentation will include additional patients. The CVs of repeat electrodes were less than 10%, interoperator variability did not increase this. The novel method of detecting cfDNA using disposable electrodes presents a significant advancement in monitoring the efficacy of treatments for advanced cancers, and may be particularly critical for immunotherapy. This approach reduced expenses by 10 to 50 times compared to current reimbursement rates for sequence dependent methods, even more critical is the same day turn around would allow rapid, truly individualized, patient therapy optimization. Citation Format: Matthew Jordan Russo, Kirsten Arnold, Shannon Tunney, Suzin Wright, Floyd Taub, Charles S. Henry. Simplified selective electrochemical detection of ctDNA differentiates between cancer progression and regression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5027.

Models of care insight study showcases need for better change management and a renewed focus on staffing and retention

It is incredibly tough working in healthcare these days. People are feeling overworked, stressed out, burned out and, at times, traumatised. These challenges are driving huge employee turnover rates in many organisations. Alarmed by this unfolding crisis, many organisations are working hard to create better experiences for caregivers and patients alike. They seek to answer the question How do you create a healthcare system that’s sustainable for both the human element and the financial side? This paper overviews the Models of Care Insight Study, which was conducted with nurses and nurse leaders in response to these issues to identify new models of care, identify disconnects inside organisations, and ultimately use the ideas and data to improve working conditions for all in healthcare. It presents some of the important findings of the study, zeroing in on the widespread resistance to change, the differences between the perceptions of leadership and front-line staff, and the need for more emphasis on and clarity around development opportunities. Finally, the paper delves into some solutions. It provides some best practices for helping organisations overcome resistance to needed change and moving people through the defiance, compliance, reliance cycle. And it tackles the turnover issue head on, sharing tactics for improving staff retention by creating a sense of belonging from the very beginning of the interview process.

Substance use and its association with mental health among Swiss medical students: A cross-sectional study.

Studies on mental health and substance use among medical students indicated worrying prevalence but have been mainly descriptive. To evaluate the prevalence of substance use in a sample of medical students and investigate whether mental health variables have an influence on substance use. The data were collected as part of the first wave of the ETMED-L, an ongoing longitudinal open cohort study surveying medical students at the University of Lausanne (Switzerland). N = 886 students were included and completed an online survey including measures of mental health (depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, stress, and burnout) and use of and risk related with several substances (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, opioids, nonmedical prescription drugs, and neuroenhancement drugs). We evaluated the prevalence of use of each substance and then tested the association between mental health and substance use in an Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling framework. Statistical indices indicated a four-factor solution for mental health and a three-factor solution for substance use. A factor comprising risk level for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use - which were the most prevalent substances - was significantly associated with a burnout factor and a factor related to financial situation and side job stress. There was a significant association between a factor comprising depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and a factor related to the use of sedatives, nonmedical prescription drugs and neuroenhancement drugs. Although their use was less prevalent, a factor comprising the risk level of stimulants and cocaine use was significantly but more mildly related to the burnout factor. A factor comprising stress related to studies and work/life balance as well as emotional exhaustion was not related to substance use factors. In this sample of medical students, the prevalence of substance use was substantial and poorer mental health status was related with higher substance use risk levels.