Financial Prudence Research Articles

Developing theoretical models for effective debt service management in high-volatility industries: a focus on risk mitigation and financial stability in the oil and gas sector

Effective debt service management is crucial for maintaining financial stability and mitigating risks in high-volatility industries, particularly in the oil and gas sector. This abstract explores the development of theoretical models aimed at enhancing debt service management practices in such industries. The oil and gas sector is inherently exposed to price volatility, geopolitical uncertainties, and regulatory challenges, necessitating robust strategies for managing debt obligations. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating risk mitigation techniques into debt service management frameworks to safeguard against financial distress and optimize capital structure efficiency. Key theoretical models examined include proactive debt restructuring, dynamic financial modeling, and scenario analysis tailored to the cyclical nature of the industry. These models emphasize adaptive strategies that enable companies to adjust debt repayment schedules based on market conditions and cash flow projections. Additionally, financial stability metrics such as debt-to-equity ratios, liquidity ratios, and debt coverage ratios are utilized to gauge the sector's resilience to external shocks. Incorporating risk management principles into debt service management frameworks enhances decision-making processes, facilitates early detection of financial vulnerabilities, and ensures alignment with long-term strategic goals. Case studies and empirical data illustrate the practical application of theoretical models in optimizing capital allocation and maintaining investor confidence amid industry fluctuations. The theoretical insights presented contribute to a comprehensive understanding of effective debt service management in high-volatility industries, highlighting the role of financial prudence and strategic foresight in sustaining operational resilience. Recommendations are provided for industry practitioners and policymakers to enhance regulatory frameworks, promote transparency, and foster sustainable growth in the oil and gas sector.. Keywords: Debt Service Management, Risk Mitigation, Financial Stability, Oil and Gas Sector, High-Volatility Industries, Theoretical Models, Debt Restructuring, Financial Modeling, Scenario Analysis, Capital Structure

More than one way to peel an orange : A fresh approach to building an effective lease administration function

This paper explores the evolving landscape of lease administration, prompted by shifts in labour markets, growing complexities of financial reporting for lease agreements and the emergence of robust lease management technology. Lease administration emerges as a critical business function, with a focus on managing lease data, ensuring accurate rent payments and navigating compliance and landlord relationships, while providing realtime reporting capability for business stakeholders. In addition, lease administrators transition from labour-intensive manual processes to a more analytical and technical approach. Given the altered environment in lease management requirements, tools and skill sets, now is an ideal juncture for companies to assess their current lease administration operating model, and the paper introduces a perfect assessment tool. The Lease Administration Framework, a proactive lease administration management system, highlights strategies and decisions for managing a company’s real estate portfolio while considering the use of in-house teams and outsourced service providers. The paper advocates for a tailored approach to be aligned with organisational needs, while emphasising the importance of evaluating talent, technology and risk tolerance in the decision-making process. By following the framework, corporate real estate (CRE) leaders can ensure financial prudence, gain the agility to allocate resources strategically, invest in growth initiatives and weather economic uncertainties.

Assessing the Feasibility Study of XYZ Company’s New Supermarket Branch in Menteng, Central Jakarta

XYZ Company plans to expand into Jakarta’s supermarket market, leveraging Indonesia’s growth in the food and beverage industries. With a population of 273 million in 2024, urbanization, a rising middle class, and evolving consumer behaviours drive sector growth. XYZ Company, with over 40 successful stores in Bali and Lombok, aims to enter Jakarta’s competitive retail market, dominated by players like Hero Supermarket and Carrefour. This feasibility study uses a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, surveys, financial reports, and market analyses. Financial metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and payback period indicate the project’s viability, with costs estimated at Rp. 22,858,000,000.00. Marketing analysis, using SWOT, TOWS, and Porter’s Five Forces, reveals opportunities for differentiation through premium product offerings and food courts, enhancing customer experience and foot traffic. Significant opportunities for XYZ Company to differentiate include leveraging the growing middle class and diverse consumer preferences. Integrating food courts within supermarkets, a strategy used by competitors like Transmart Carrefour and Grand Lucky Supermarket, can significantly enhance customer experience. Focusing on premium products and readyto-eat meals can attract a broader customer base. Strategic recommendations involve selecting high-traffic locations, expanding the online presence, and adopting sustainable practices to control costs and appeal to environmentally conscious consumers. The study emphasizes adapting to market trends and maintaining financial prudence for long-term profitability. In conclusion, the feasibility study offers a comprehensive analysis of XYZ Company’s proposed expansion into Jakarta. By focusing on strategic market entry, financial planning, and risk management, XYZ Company can successfully establish its presence in Jakarta’s competitive retail market, ensuring sustainable growth and profitability.

The impact of social globalization on domestic savings: a long-run macroeconomic analysis of advanced ageing economies in the Asia-Pacific Region

ABSTRACT The economics literature has extensively investigated the influence of demography and macroeconomic variables on domestic savings. However, another crucial aspect that needs to be considered in the literature is social globalization concerning conspicuous consumption, which may disproportionately impact savings behaviour in different countries. This paper aims to ascertain how social globalization affects domestic savings at the macroeconomic level in the long run, specifically focusing on countries that have reached advanced stages of ageing in the Asia-Pacific region. Cointegration analysis via the augmented autoregressive distributed lag (A-ARDL) bounds test is used in this paper. The main results show that social globalization and domestic savings are cointegrated in the long run for New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong. Long-run relationship estimates yield that social globalization intensification leads to a decline in savings, supporting Veblen’s conspicuous consumption theory. Specifically, more Western-oriented countries experience a much more substantial impact of social globalization on savings. To address conspicuous consumption, policymakers should embrace a holistic strategy that encourages savings and financial prudence while discouraging excessive and status-oriented expenditure.

Cash is queen? Impact of gender-diverse boards on firms' cash holdings during COVID-19

This study examines the role of gender-diverse boards in preserving cash holdings during crises. Using a sample of UK firms during the COVID-19 period, we find that firms with more female directors had higher cash holdings. This increase in cash reserves is primarily driven by reduced board compensation, reflecting the careful stewardship associated with gender-diverse boards. Interestingly, we find no evidence of female directors reducing acquisition activity or capital expenditures, suggesting that these firms did not compromise on growth prospects while building their cash buffer. Our study underscores the value of gender-diverse boards in navigating firms through crises without sacrificing shareholder value. Our results remain robust even after controlling for endogeneity and alternative estimation techniques. The findings hold significant implications for investors, policymakers, and advocates of gender diversity in boardrooms, emphasizing the financial prudence that gender diversity can bring in crisis management.

Financial Prudence as Determinant of Employees’ Interest in Graduate Study

The study aimed to looked into the influence of financial prudence of employees towards employees’ interest towards graduate study. In this study, the researcher selected the 100 government employees in Local Government Unit (LGU) in Koronadal City as the respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents. Non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive-correlational method was employed. The data collected were subjected to the following statistical tools: Mean, Pearson Moment Product Correlation and Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that financial prudence and employees’ interest in graduate study were rated as extensive. Further, correlation analysis demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between financial prudence and employees’ interest towards graduate study in Koronadal City. Evidently, regression analysis proved that financial prudence in terms of financial resources and financial goals identification significantly influenced the employees’ interest towards graduate study in Koronadal City. Local Government Unit (LGU) should introduce initiatives that promote financial literacy and prudence among employees, including workshops, seminars, and educational resources tailored to the specific financial needs and challenges associated with pursuing graduate study.

EXPLORING THE INTEGRATION OF ADAPTIVE REUSE IN INTERIOR DESIGN: A CASE STUDY OF CALEB UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING

Adaptive reuse in interior design entails repurposing existing structures or spaces to serve new functions while preserving their architectural, cultural, and historical significance. The research explores the integration of adaptive reuse principles in interior design at Caleb University to address the recognized need for comprehensive understanding and guidance in effectively implementing adaptive reuse within educational institutions. The qualitative study employed interviews and on-site observations to explore adaptive reuse in interior design within Caleb University's administrative building, aiming to gain insights from stakeholders and document physical spaces, behaviours, and interactions, analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings of the qualitative study on adaptive reuse in Caleb University's administrative building reveal strategies focused on preserving historical context, integrating modern functionality, optimizing space utilization, enhancing user experience, and prioritizing cost-effectiveness within interior design, showcasing a comprehensive approach to sustainable adaptation and transformation. In conclusion, Caleb University's adaptive reuse integration in its administrative building exemplifies a holistic sustainability approach, balancing heritage preservation with modern functionality and financial prudence, offering a model for resilient built environments in educational settings and beyond. Keywords: Adaptive Reuse, Caleb University, Interior Design, Interior Space, Repurpose

Comparative study of two laboratory techniques for the detection of HLA-B27 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundThe diagnostic and prognostic relevance of Human Leukocyte Antigen B-27 (HLA-B27) in Axial Spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is undeniable, with 70% of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients carrying the B27 gene, contrasted with a mere 4.35% in the general population. Flow cytometry (FC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) have emerged as the predominant techniques for routine HLA-B27 typing. While various studies have compared these methods, none have catered to the unique characteristics of the Brazilian demographic. Therefore, this research aims to compare FC and PCR in a Brazilian cohort diagnosed with AxSpA.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 62 AxSpA outpatients from a Brazilian University Hospital. Both FC and PCR-SSP assays were utilized to ascertain HLA-B27 typing. The outcomes (either confirming or refuting the allele’s presence) underwent rigorous scrutiny. Agreement between the methodologies was assessed using the kappa statistic. A p-value of < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.ResultsOf the participants, 90.3% (n = 56) were HLA-B27 positive according to FC, while 79% (n = 49) were identified as positive using the PCR method. FC exhibited a sensitivity rate of 98% paired with a specificity of 38.5%. The Positive Predictive Value for FC stood at 85.7%, and the Negative Predictive Value was 83.5%. Consequently, the overall accuracy of the FC method was gauged at 85.5%. A kappa coefficient of κ = 0.454 was derived.ConclusionsFC demonstrated noteworthy sensitivity and satisfactory accuracy in HLA-B27 detection, albeit with a reduced specificity when contrasted with PCR-SSP. Nevertheless, given its cost-effectiveness and streamlined operation relative to PCR, FC remains a pragmatic option for preliminary screening in clinical practice, especially in low-income regions. To optimize resource allocation, we advocate for a refined algorithm that initiates by assessing the relevance of HLA-B27 typing based on Choosing Wisely recommendations. It then leans on FC, and, if results are negative yet clinical suspicion persists, advances to PCR. This approach aims to balance diagnostic accuracy and financial prudence, particularly in regions contending with escalating medical costs.

Comparative Analysis of Costing Methods for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: An Observational Study

Abstract Background: Health-care costs, often determined through outdated methods, fail to capture the true costs of care delivery. Traditional costing methods in the health-care sector have proven insufficient, leading to potential revenue losses and increased patient out-of-pocket expenses. Activity-based costing (ABC) and time-driven ABC (TDABC) offer alternative approaches to cost calculation, aiming for a more accurate reflection of resource consumption. Methodology: This descriptive observational study was conducted in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) center of a tertiary care teaching hospital, focusing on a single noncontrast MRI scan costing. Direct observations and record reviews, including standard operating procedures, policy letters, financial documents, and miscellaneous records, were employed. Results: Using traditional costing, the unit cost of an MRI scan was calculated at INR 1291.51. ABC yielded a unit cost of INR 3613.77, while TDABC resulted in a unit cost of INR 2764.39. A comparison between the three costing methods revealed potential revenue losses with traditional costing. In contrast, TDABC appeared to strike a balance between financial prudence and reduced patient out-of-pocket expenses. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significance of understanding true costs in health-care delivery. The results advocate for the adoption of TDABC as a favorable compromise, enabling the hospital to retain revenue without burdening patients with additional costs. Notably, the study highlights the necessity for a granular understanding of true costs for successful transitions from volume to value in health care.

Frequency migration challenges and strategic decisions-making in broadband wireless access networks

Purpose: The impetus for this study lies in the pressing need for telecommunication companies to adapt to the rapidly evolving technological landscape and regulatory environment to maintain competitiveness and meet increasing consumer demands. Method: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis using SWOT analysis, Qualitative Data Analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the best course of action. Results: This study navigates through the initial stages of identifying the strategic, operational, and financial implications of PT. XYZ Frequency Migration. It delves into the background of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) technology, the significance of the 3.3 GHz and 10 GHz bands in telecommunications, and the broader context of industry trends necessitating this shift. Methodologically, this research integrates SWOT, stakeholder, qualitative data analysis (QDA), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to provide a holistic understanding of the complexities of migration. This multi-faceted approach facilitates a comprehensive evaluation of the technological, operational, and strategic aspects of migration and offers nuanced insights into the challenges and opportunities inherent in the transition to the 10 GHz band. The study proposes that the convergence of various factors necessitates a strategic realignment that encompasses operational efficiency, technical excellence, financial prudence, regulatory compliance, and customer focus to effectively adapt to the 10 GHz spectrum. Contributions: This study contributes to the academic and practical understanding of network migration within the telecommunications sector, offering nuanced insights into the complexities of transitioning to higher frequency bands. It provides a framework for other telecommunications entities considering similar migrations, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted strategic approach to navigating challenges and leveraging opportunities presented by such technological advancements.

Are green and healthy building labels counterproductive in emerging markets? An examination of office rental contracts in India

Financial prudence compels businesses to improve their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance when the marginal benefits, pecuniary or non-pecuniary, exceed the marginal costs. For many firms, renting green offices is a feasible ESG activity which may increase their willingness to pay higher rents. Analyzing over 17,000 green rental contracts in India between 2010 and 2022, we find that rents in green-labeled assets and those with health certification command significant premiums between 4 and 21%. However, green rents increased much faster compared to their non-green counterparts, and the propensity to rent green varies significantly across industry segments. We further examine how the market for green offices evolved after a mandatory ESG Disclosure Requirement was enacted in India in 2021. We find that suppliers (landlords) benefited from the regulation by disproportionately increasing rental rates. Existing tenants and foreign firms ended up paying higher rental prices while most other firms, including the assumed target groups of the new policy, redirected their green commitment away from green buildings. Although the policy may yield more positive results in the longer run, a reduced propensity to rent green offices is the opposite of what the ESG Disclosure Requirement tried to achieve.

Do CAMEL and Sustainability Influences a Bank Performance?

Do CAMEL and Sustainability Influences a Bank Performance?

A Composite Study of HDFC Bank Financial Performance

This composite study delves into the financial performance of HDFC Bank, a cornerstone of India's banking sector renowned for its innovation and customer-centric approach. Established in 1994, HDFC Bank has ascended to become one of India's largest private sector banks, epitomizing operational excellence and financial prudence. The study underscores the importance of analyzing financial performance in the dynamic banking landscape, serving as a linchpin for strategic decision-making, risk management, and stakeholder engagement. Through a comprehensive analysis of HDFC Bank's financial metrics, the study aims to unravel underlying performance drivers, elucidate emerging trends, and delineate strategic imperatives for future growth and value creation. Methodologically, the study employs a structured approach encompassing primary and secondary data sources, financial ratio analysis, qualitative assessments, and interpretive synthesis. Primary data sources include HDFC Bank's annual reports and regulatory filings, while secondary sources encompass scholarly literature and industry reports. Financial ratio analysis encompasses liquidity, profitability, efficiency, and asset quality metrics, providing multifaceted insights into HDFC Bank's performance dynamics. Interpreting key financial ratios offers valuable insights into HDFC Bank's performance trends. Notably, the bank demonstrates robust profitability metrics, operational efficiency improvements, and healthy asset quality. However, challenges such as declining CASA ratio and net interest margin warrant strategic attention. The study offers actionable suggestions for HDFC Bank to enhance its financial performance. Strategies include optimizing capital utilization, diversifying revenue streams, strengthening asset quality, improving cost efficiency, fostering strategic partnerships, and prioritizing customer-centricity and risk management. In conclusion, HDFC Bank's financial performance underscores its resilience, innovation, and commitment to stakeholder value creation. By leveraging insights from this study and adopting strategic initiatives, HDFC Bank can navigate challenges, capitalize on opportunities, and sustain its position as a leading player in the dynamic banking landscape.

Unpacking the Psychology of Investment Intention: The Role of Emotional Intelligence, Personality Traits, and Risk Behaviour

In the dynamic realm of wealth accumulation, investments demand a meticulous evaluation of both financial and nonfinancial aspects inherent in securities. Prudent decision-making surpasses a fixation on anticipated returns, requiring a nuanced assessment of an investment's potential to actualize desired earnings. This study challenges the presumption of investor rationality in traditional financial theories, emphasizing the profound impact of non-financial determinants on decision-making, including personality traits, emotional intelligence, and risk behavior. With a robust sample size of 396 respondents, the research establishes a statistically significant correlation between emotional intelligence, personality traits, risk behavior, and the intricate domain of investment decisions. For middleclass investors, a pivotal recommendation emerges: fostering a discerning comprehension of one's psychological attributes. Active collaboration with seasoned financial advisers is imperative, serving as a compass through the complexities of the modern financial milieu. This holistic approach, harmonizing financial acumen with nuanced psychological insight, proves indispensable for navigating intricacies and facilitating judicious investment decisions aligned with individual aspirations and risk thresholds. The nuanced integration of financial prudence and psychological acuity fortifies investment portfolios and establishes a resilient foundation for adeptly navigating the dynamic terrain of wealth management.

Data Points Necessary for Developing an Accurate Financial Statement

Introduction: Finance is vital in all facets of human life. However, financial prudence is not usually taught in schools. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses are always inundated with subjects on how to take care of people without recourse to the fact that they need to be healthy, including financially healthy to be able to make good input to the health of others. Thus, they are not prepared to run their own personal finance let alone that of a healthcare organization. There is a need for healthcare professionals to have a good knowledge of healthcare finances and financial flow within the healthcare delivery system. This discussion seeks to examine financial statement and data points necessary for developing accurate financial statement. Purpose: This essay aims to shed light on the financial statement with emphasis on healthcare financial statement. Summary: A Financial statement contains useful information deployed by decision-makers to evaluate performance and determine optimal strategies or modifications for investments and continued growth. It also serves as a tool for monitoring an organization's overall fiscal health and performance by the owners, shareholders, and others with a financial stake in the organization. Conclusion: A financial statement is also known as a financial report. It is the documentation of an entity's monetary activities and financial position, be it an individual, association, business, agency, or organization.

Repeat audit findings: How FEMA responds to feedback

Given climate change, expansive hardscapes and high housing density across the United States, and with the increasing frequency and ferociousness of natural disasters of all sorts, the damages and costs associated with human lives, land, and property will continue to grow. In this environment, state and local governments have heavy reliance on federal assistance to repair and rebuild communities following such crises, specifically via the Public Assistance (PA) grant program. The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administers this grant through a process of application and approval managed by ten regional offices. Increased claims to FEMA have strained these regional offices leading to their failure to incorporate audit feedback and review policies for the purpose of continuous improvement. In these disastrous times, FEMA's operational improvement is vital to the continued support of communities across the nation. The Agency has objectives to promote effective recovery, streamline funding to reduce costs, and conduct the PA program efficiently to realize better return on investment.This research measures this problem by examining the U.S. Office of Inspector General's (OIG) audit findings of FEMA regional offices to see if and how these audits are being utilized and incorporated. Results show that over time, these offices are conducting the due diligence related to feedback; however, they are not incorporating details of audits in a meaningful way. Though total errors do not result in significant change in how FEMA apportions funding among regional offices over time, the type of error (either overspending or underspending) does influence such change. Therefore, consistent errors continue in financial response to disasters to which the Agency responds, indicating future FEMA decisions and OIG recommendations should require shifting the focus from repeat audit findings to financial prudence.

The nexus of top executives’ attributes, firm strategies, and outcomes: Large firms versus SMEs

Based on a unique and extensive dataset of top executives, this study explores the effect of top executives’ attributes on firm performance through strategic choices for capital structure and investments. The big five personalities and top executives’ other four essential personal attributes are identified from over 970,000 observations in Japanese firms. We applied structural equational modeling to test the hypothesized mediation models and the differences across large, medium, and small-sized firms. The results show that top executives in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) present stronger linkages with strategic choices, significantly mediating the relationship between top executives’ attributes and firm performance. Specifically, top executives with higher conscientiousness, decisiveness, and financial prudence tend to choose conservative strategies, while those with higher neuroticism, openness, and agreeableness tend to adopt risky and innovative strategies. In contrast, top executives’ attributes can hardly predict firm strategies and outcomes for large firms, and neither fails to predict firm outcomes in SMEs given the inconsistent mediation.

The impact of unpredictable resource prices and equity volatility in advanced and emerging economies: An econometric and machine learning approach

Global stock markets are incredibly unpredictable. Resource prices have a significant market impact on varying securities. With the use of cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence, analysts and researchers are employing various machine learning techniques and econometrics methodologies to anticipate stock price trends in order to better comprehend stock market volatility. Volatility is the degree of variation in a time sequence of market rates. Stock market equity returns depend on the business output where the investor has trust in high and low equity. This research explores the interaction between industrialized and developing economies' market volatility relationships between 2000 and 2020 as well as the aforementioned impacts taking place on developing financial prudence worldwide. The aim of the study is to integrate an appropriate GARCH framework to estimate the uncertainty dependent on market conditions in the European Union, the Pacific, South America, Latin America, East Asia, West Asia and South Asia stock return indices. The Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity method is used for analyzing the effect of updates from the USA that influences the returns of S&P 500 globally as well as European Union, Pacific, South American, Latin American, East Asian, West Asian and South Asian indices returns. For capital markets of the world, there is a significant gap in equity return uncertainty. Such results have major effects on investors looking to diversify their portfolios. For international and domestic institutional shareholders, this paper is significant. The impact of international institutional investors' investments and effects of the growth of the equity market return may be omitted as the analysis is restricted exclusively to the European Union, the Pacific, South America, Latin America, East Asia, West Asia, and South Asia.

Eco-cities as urban laboratories of Chinese ecological modernization: eco-experimentation and the modernization of urban governance

ABSTRACT Eco-cities have emerged as important sites for urban experiments on ecological modernization (EM). China has fully embraced this approach by building hundreds of high-profile eco-cities. This study investigated how the modernization of urban governance affects eco-cities and eco-experimentation, focusing on the relationship between the government and businesses. Our in-depth case study revealed the following: (1) the modernization of hierarchical governance to enhance financial prudence conflicts with the resource-demanding nature of eco-city projects; (2) building international collaborations through modernized network governance is crucial for Chinese EM; however, sustaining these collaborations remains a challenge; and (3) the modernization of urban governance, both vertically and horizontally, remains firmly situated within an authoritarian political framework. The pressure to pursue socioeconomic priorities as dictated by the central government forces local agencies to adopt conflicting strategies that undermine the quality and authenticity of the pursuit of EM via urban eco-experimentation.

Barriers to Environmental Governance for Sustainable Urban Development

Cities globally are estimated to double their population by 2050 thereby increasing the necessity to underscore sustainability. Projections of economic growth, social equality, infrastructural development in urban centers and cities highlight the precept of environmental governance in attaining sustainable urban development. Untold impacts of unstructured urban development become barriers to environmental governance particularly on pillars of governance such as transparency and equity. Further, these barriers to environmental governance focus on institutional, financial and policy frameworks that have not been developed for sustainable urban development. The implied cost of urban planning and reduced urban personnel enhance barriers for environmental governance and sustainable urban development. The study utilized an exploratory research design which employed secondary data for analysis and desktop reviews on environmental governance and sustainable urban development for emerging cities globally and those in existence. Findings of the study illustrate the pivotal role of environmental governance for sustainable urban development with a keen focus on institutions, financial prudence and enhanced policy frameworks. The findings further underscore the necessity to amalgamate environmental governance and urban development with a view of fostering sustainability in an increasing urban and city population. Overcoming the barriers to environmental governance cements sustainability for urban centers and safeguards the future growth of sustainable cities.