Financial Messages Research Articles

Navigating ISO 20022 maintenance in a connected world: A vision for harmonisation

The implementation of ISO 20022 in payment infrastructures has been hailed as a paradigm shift towards seamless transactions, heralding flexibility for financial market infrastructures (MIs) and enabling the creation of bespoke ISO 20022 variants. The initial allure of this flexibility, however, led to an unintended consequence — a proliferation of variants with different timelines, versions and market practices. This fragmented landscape has introduced challenges for organisations seeking to achieve high levels of automated ‘straight-through processing’. Different variants affect end-users’ ability to automate reconciliation processes and complicates endeavours to establish and sustain a cohesive ISO 20022 future. As we navigate the intricacies of a globally interlinked financial ecosystem, the role of ISO 20022 maintenance has emerged as a linchpin in the seamless exchange of standardised financial messages. This paper emphasises the importance of streamlining the ISO 20022 environment and messaging life cycle to facilitate efficient maintenance processes, foster broader harmonisation and usher in an era of truly frictionless payments. In proposing this shift, the paper advocates for a transformative approach. It posits two opportunities: the establishment of a unified, industry-led governance structure and the definition of a common message template. These initiatives are envisioned as essential to harmonising the fragmented ISO 20022 landscape, offering a path for end-to-end interoperability across the diverse payment chain. While acknowledging the ambitious nature of these proposals and timelines, the potential benefits are significant. The proposed initiatives could lead to more efficient maintenance processes, enhanced interoperability and a shared framework for ISO 20022 payments. The industry faces a crucial choice — whether to embrace this ambitious evolution or settle for the status quo. The imperative is clear: achieving a more interoperable and harmonised future for ISO 20022 payments is not just an opportunity but a necessity for the industry’s continued growth, resilience and operational efficiency.

Phishing detection tool for financial emails

Phishing attacks have emerged as a significant cybersecurity threat, especially within the financial domain, where email serves as a prevalent vector for malicious activities. This project report outlines the development and evaluation of a Chrome browser extension tailored to bolster email security, specifically focusing on detecting and mitigating phishing attempts in financial communications. The study begins with a thorough examination of the techniques and tactics used by phishing attackers in financial email campaigns. A sophisticated awareness of the changing landscape of phishing assaults is required to develop successful defences. The key contribution of this work is the development of a powerful Chrome browser extension that easily integrates with common email services in the financial sector. This extension harnesses a blend of machine learning algorithms, URL analysis, and user-friendly interfaces to identify potentially malicious financial emails. It rigorously scans email content, scrutinizing hyperlinks and attachments for signs of phishing. The extension evaluates URL reputations, checks for typical phishing indicators, and examines email headers. In case any suspicious elements are identified, users receive real-time alerts, enabling them to make informed decisions about the safety of financial emails. To ensure the extension’s accuracy and effectiveness within the financial context, an extensive dataset of real-world phishing emails and legitimate financial messages is employed for training and testing. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the extension’s performance, emphasizing its capability to detect and prevent phishing attempts in financial emails while minimizing false positives. In addition to its detection capabilities, the extension actively promotes user awareness and education regarding phishing threats within the financial sector. It provides guidance on recognizing phishing red flags and offers educational resources to enhance user security practices. This work concludes with an evaluation of the extension’s usability and its potential impact on enhancing email security within the financial domain. It underscores the critical role of proactive measures, such as this extension, in addressing the evolving threat landscape of phishing attacks in the digital age, particularly within financial communications.

The Indo–Russian payments corridor : Exploring and evaluating cross-border payment alternatives

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, western countries have imposed a number of economic sanctions on Russia, including freezing its foreign currency reserves, restricting the flow of trade and cutting off its access to SWIFT. The sharp fall in euro and US dollar denominated transactions has in turn impacted Russia’s trade with India, as it is now harder for the two countries to exchange payments. In this context, this paper explores the messaging, clearing and settlement alternatives available for making/receiving payments between India and Russia. Specifically, the paper examines a rupee–ruble trade arrangement, central bank digital currency, the linkage of faster payment systems and card infrastructures, the Russian System for Transfer of Financial Messages, and bilateral messaging systems. In addition, the authors evaluate various considerations pertaining to these options, as well as the implications, from the perspective of central banks, banks and merchants/customers.

Использование национальных валют и расчетов в них странами ЕАЭС и СНГ в современных условиях

The subjects of the study are the national currencies of the EAEU and CIS countries and the main areas of their application in modern conditions. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of the use of national currencies, including mutual trade, distribution and transfer of customs duties, organization of currency and commodity markets. The acceleration of the de-dollarization of the economies of individual countries and regions of the world has been established, depending on a credible plan to reduce inflation and specific microeconomic measures. It is revealed that the processes taking place in the CIS and the EAEU are in line with this global trend. Priorities and prospects for expanding the use of national currencies by the EAEU member states have been identified. It was noted that such an important instrument of economic cooperation of the EAEU member states as the mechanism for crediting and distributing the amounts of import customs duties is gradually being transferred to the use of national currencies, and the possibility of using the Russian ruble in it is being discussed. The important role of the Bank of Russia's Financial Message Transmission System, which guarantees the transfer of financial information between banking institutions and acts as a domestic analogue of SWIFT, is emphasized. The decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 20 dated 08/26/2022 on expanding the use of national currencies of the EAEU member states is considered in detail.

MODERN APPROACHES TO PROVIDING INFORMATION SECURITY OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS AND THEIR CYBER PROTECTION

The article analyzes the domestic and international approaches of scientists and financial institutions regarding the interpretation of the concept of payment systems and proposes the author’s interpretation of this category as “an organizationally formed set of system participants and the relations between them regarding the transfer of funds based on recognized legal norms at the level of sovereign countries or at the international level. The peculiarities of the payment systems’ functioning and the possibility of taking into account the international standards for the exchange of financial messages ISO 20022 in the payment infrastructure of Ukraine were analyzed, which will allow to harmonize the Ukrainian payment area with the world, to expand the details of payments with additional information, to increase the level of service and efficiency of payments, to enrich the functional content of payment instruments for the benefit of banks and their customers, increase the level of automation of payments. It was determined that the area of the payment systems’ functioning belongs to the risky spheres of activity. The typification of the payment systems’ risks of banking and non-banking institutions, determined by the regulations of the National Bank of Ukraine, defines such types of risks as legal, payment, operational, systemic and financial risks. It is substantiated that the basis of the effective functioning of banking institutions in conditions of uncertainty is the identification and management of risks inherent in banking activity. At the same time, the emphasis is on the fact that a component of operational risk is such a type of risk as cyber risk, which is considered as the risk of realizing cyber threats to information resources and/or information infrastructure, as well as the consequences of such events. Because modern payment systems are intermediaries in the movement of funds, and therefore are at risk of negative influences, challenges, threats and dangers, which can lead to damage to the national interests of states, it is proposed to consider cyber risk as a separate type of risks of the payment systems’ functioning. In order to prevent, detect, respond, absorb cyber risk, and ensure adaptability and the ability to restore the payment system, the central bank of the state should increase the level of information security and cyber protection in the field of funds transfer. The information security policy of banks must be constantly supplemented and changed in accordance with the specified set of criteria for assuring information security.

Deep-Learning-Based Financial Message Sentiment Classification in Business Management.

A deep-learning-based financial text sentiment classification method is proposed in this paper, which can provide a reference for business management. In the proposed method, domain adaptation is adopted to solve the common problem of insufficient labeled samples in the financial textual domain. Specifically, in the classification process, the seq2seq model is firstly adopted to extract the abstract from the financial message, which can reduce the influence of invalid information and speed up processing. In the process of sentiment classification, a bidirectional LSTM model is adopted for classification, which can more comprehensively make use of context information. Experiments are carried out to testify the proposed method through the open-source data set. It can be seen that the proposed method can effectively transfer from the reduced Amazon data set to the StockTwits financial text data set. Compared with the parameter-frozen-based method and the SDA-based method, the recognition rates have improved by 0.5% and 6.8%, respectively. If the target domain data set can be directly adopted for training, the recognition rate of the proposed method is higher than that of the SVM method and the LSTM method by 8.3% and 4.5%, respectively.

The Role of International Settlement Interbank System In the Modern World

The article discusses the modern interbank settlement system, including SWIFT, its impact on the global financial system, and SWIFT's role in relation to financial sanctions. The aim of the paper is to present, based on the current economic processes in the world, how SWIFT operates in Georgia, to set priority ways for the development of interbank payment systems. The introduction of modern forms and methods of payment ensures the effective operation of the banking and financial system in Georgia. Development of international standards and technologies globally. Real-time transfers contribute to the development of international trade and services. In order to improve the payment system in Georgia, it is important to develop high-tech banks so that they can meet the needs of customers. It is necessary to promote increased competition between banks. International sanctions may not be tolerated, as it is on it that the development of the country's economy is underway. Keywords: Interbank system of international payments; SWIFT; Financial sanctions; Financial message transfer system - SPFS; Russian Internal Transfer System MIR.

Are the Russian Banks Threatened with Removal from SWIFT? A Multiple Case Study on Interbank Financial Messaging Systems

When Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the United States, European Union, and their allies removed the Russian banks from the main interbank payment system worldwide, SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication), which is a secure messaging system that makes cross-border payments possible, vital for the international trade. However, it is not the first time that Russian banks are threatened with disconnection from Swift by the US government. In response, the Central Bank of Russia developed in 2014 the SPFS (System for Transfer of Financial Messages, our translation). In addition, the Chinese government created in 2015 an equivalent system named Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS). In this article, we examined SWIFT and alternatives, such as the Russian SPFS, the Chinese CIPS, and the Indian SFMS. Key findings pointed out crucial differences between the financial messaging systems, their objectives, and the expansion of operations overseas. Finally, discussion and implications to the global economy compile this work.

Research on Deep Learning-Based Financial Risk Prediction

Financial text-based risk prediction is an important subset for financial analysis. Through automatic analysis of public financial comments, fundamentals on current financial expectations can be evaluated. A deep learning method for financial risk prediction based on sentiment classification is proposed in this paper. The proposed method consists of two steps. Firstly, the abstract of the financial message is extracted according to the seq2seq model. During the extraction process, the seq2seq model can cope with the situation of different input message lengths. After the abstraction, invalid information in the financial messages can be effectively filtered, thus accelerating the subsequent sentiment classification step. The sentiment classification step is performed through the GRU model according to the abstracted texts. The proposed method has the following advantages: (1) it can handle financial messages of different lengths; (2) it can filter out the invalid information of financial messages; (3) because the extracted abstract is more refined, it can speed up the subsequent sentiment classification step; and (4) it has better sentiment classification accuracy. The proposed method in this paper is then verified through financial message dataset from the financial social network StockTwits. By comparing the classification performances, it can be seen that compared with the classical SVM and LSTM methods, the proposed method in this paper can improve the accuracy of sentiment classification by 5.57% and 2.58%, respectively.

Financial Tracker using NLP

NLP (Natural Language Processing) is a mechanism that helps computers to know natural languages like English. In general, computers can understand data, tables etc. which are well formed. But when it involves natural languages, it's unacceptable for computers to spot them. NLP helps to translate the tongue in such a fashion which will be easily processed by modern computers. Financial Tracker is an approach which will use NLP as a tool and can differentiate the user messages in various categories. the appliance of the approach will be seen at multiple levels. At a personal level, this permits users to filtrate useful financial messages from an large junk of text messages. On the opposite hand, from an industrial point of view, this can be useful in services like online loan disbursal, which are hitting the market nowadays. These services attempt to provide online loans to individuals in an exceedingly faster and quicker manner. But when it involves business view, loan recovery from customers becomes a really important & crucial aspect. As most such services can’t take strict legal actions against the fraud customers, it becomes a requirement that loan should be provided only to those customers who deserve it. At that time, this model can come under the image. As a business we will find the user’s messages from their inbox (after taking permission from the users). These messages are often filtered using NLP which might help to differentiate various types of messages within the user's inbox which might further be used as a content for further prediction and analysis on user’s behaviour in terms of cash related transactions.

Effect of Message Approach and Image Size on Pictorial Health Warning Effectiveness on Cigarette Pack in Indonesia: A Mixed Factorial Experiment.

Background: Cigarette consumption remains high and increasing in Indonesia. The government implemented a pictorial health warnings requirement of 40% cover of the pack (front and back) using fear appeal messages. Objective: Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of cigarette pictorial health warnings by message and size. Methods: We conducted a mixed factorial experiment online study using three messaging approaches (fear vs. guilt vs. financial loss) and two picture sizes (40% vs. 75%) among 209 smoking participants. Sociodemographic variables included gender, education, income, employment status, and marital status. Data analysis used a mixed model ANOVA to see the main effect and interaction effect on dependent variables. For subgroup analysis, we used t-test and one-way ANOVA. All analyzes were in SPSS 22. Results: We found significant differences in the three message types, in which fear and guilt have higher effectiveness than financial loss. By subgroup, the guilt message was more compelling among female smokers and married smokers. The financial loss message was effective among lower-income smokers. We found no difference in pictorial health warning effectiveness by image size, potentially because participants could zoom in/out the cigarette pack image on the screen. Conclusions: Our finding supports more diverse message types in pictorial health warnings in Indonesia and other countries.

Research of the possibilities of the national innovative environment for the implementation of financial technologies

The article is devoted to the study of an important scientific and practical problem on the disclosure of factors and conditions that stimulate the introduction of innovations in the financial sector. It has been studied that the processes of introducing digital technologies are relevant in all spheres of the economy. The financial environment is highly receptive to digital adoption. The emphasis is made on the fact that the Bank of Russia as a mega-regulator is implementing a number of projects that stimulate the introduction of financial technologies in the country's banking sector. The main infrastructure projects of the Bank of Russia aimed at stimulating the development of fintech are considered. Among them: a unified biometric system, a system of fast payments, a marketplace of the Bank of Russia, a system for transmitting financial messages. The study revealed the weakness of the national regulatory system for the creation and implementation of digital technologies in the financial environment. The urgency of adapting the norms of financial law to the rapid spread of digital technologies has been substantiated. It has been proven that the acceleration of the pace of implementation of technological innovations not only opens up new opportunities for business improvement, but also carries obvious and hidden risks. Analysis of the research materials made it possible to structure the main potential threats that accompany the spread of digital technologies. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop systemic measures to create a favorable national innovation environment that stimulates financial innovation.

Educating outdoor workers using tailored and financial messages to encourage safe-sun behaviors.

Excessive and unsafe sun exposure represents a concerning hazard to the health of individuals. Of particular interest are those who are most susceptible to sun exposure, such as outdoor workers. The current study used a 3 × 2 between-subjects design to investigate the effectiveness of messages that varied the extent of personalization (i.e. generic message; occupation targeted message; individual tailored message) and the inclusion of content regarding financial consequences of skin cancer. Participants (N = 304) were recruited from the USA through Amazon's Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to view a generic message, occupation targeted message, or individual tailored message. Additionally, participants were randomly assigned to view messages in which financial information was either present or not. Participants responded to questions assessing pre- and post-test sun protection behaviors. Individual tailored messaging was as effective as occupation targeted messaging, with both being more effective than generic messaging. This finding indicates that some degree of personalization is necessary when promoting safe-sun practices to outdoor workers, but that tailoring to individuals may not always be necessary. Inclusion of financial content in messaging resulted in greater intentions to practice sun protection behaviors. Results provide insight into effective methods for promoting sun protection.

How Financial Socialization Messages Relate to Financial Management, Optimism and Stress: Variations by Race

This study explored how explicit family financial socialization as reflected in three types of parental financial messages (messaging about saving, banking, and investing) relate to three financial outcomes (financial management, financial stress, and financial optimism) and how these relationships varied by race. We used cross-sectional data from 14,662 respondents from the 2014 National Student Financial Wellness Survey (NSFWS), a nationally representative dataset inclusive of students from 52 colleges and universities across the United States. Results from this study offer an understanding of how specific financial messages regarding saving, banking, and investing shape college students’ financial management behaviors and attitudes and how race/ethnicity is associated with the specific types of messaging in one’s family of origin. Specifically, results demonstrated that African American students received significantly fewer saving and banking messages and Hispanic students received fewer investing messages compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Across all racial categories, those who received the investing message reported better financial management, higher financial optimism, and experienced less financial stress.

AI 금융 챗봇 추천 메시지의 의인화와 개인화 수준이 고객 반응에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 고객이 비대면 모바일 금융 상품을 챗봇에게 추천받는 상황에서 고객의 긍/부정적인 인식과 반응을 유발할 수 있는 챗봇의 특성과 그 효과가 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 보다 구체적으로, AI를 활용한 금융 챗봇 추천 메시지의 의인화와 개인화 수준에 따라 고객이 인지하는 메시지의 사회적 실재감과 인지된 유용성, 프라이버시 염려가 어떠한지 살펴보고, 이것이 챗봇 추천 서비스 이용의도에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 이를 위해, 개인화 수준을 세 단계로 제시하고 개인화 수준이 높을수록 소비자에게 긍정적인 인식을 줄 것인가에 대해 최적자극수준 이론을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 특히, 이 과정에서 실제 금융 상품 서비스와 유사한 챗봇 플랫폼을 제작하여 실험에 활용하고 응답자에게 경험하게 함으로써 가설을 검증하였다. 그 결과 고객이 금융 챗봇 추천 메시지의 의인화 수준과 개인화 수준이 높아질수록 사회적 실재감이 증가하고 이용의도에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 개인화 수준이 높아질수록 프라이버시 염려가 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 개인화 수준이 높아질수록 고객이 인지하는 유용성은 점차 커지나 역설적으로 이용의도는 중간 지점 이후 오히려 떨어지는 역U자 형태를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 AI 금융 챗봇 추천 메시지의 의인화와 개인화 수준이 고객에게 어떠한 반응을 일으키는지 확인하였으며, 특히 개인화 마케팅의 개인정보 활용 수준에 따른 고객 반응을 최적자극수준 이론을 적용하여 규명하였다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한, 이를 바탕으로 금융 챗봇 추천 메시지가 효과적인 마케팅 전략에 활용되기 위한 방안을 제시함으로써 실무적 함의 또한 가진다.

Current Possibilities of Bank Settlements in National Currencies of Russia’s Partner Countries in International Economic Associations

The article examines the issue of the development of international settlements in the national currencies of Russia’s partner countries in international integra­ tion associations—the Eurasian Economic Union, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the BRICS economic bloc. The relevance of the study is due to the needs of economic integration and the expansion of the practice of economic sanctions in relations between states, as well as crisis phenomena in the global financial system. A survey of representatives of 19 largest Russian banks serves as the empirical base of the study. The survey has been conducted using a hybrid methodology with formalized and non­formalized elements. The questionnaire contained questions about the possibilities of opening accounts in the currencies of partner countries, conducting settlement transactions in them, using various systems for transmitting financial messages for settlement transactions, and the prospects for the development of settlements in national currencies. The study allows us to conclude that the transition to settlements in national currencies in it­ self cannot solve the problem of minimizing the negative consequences of external restrictive measures. In addition to the economic characteristics of national cur­ rencies well known from published works, such as volatility, underdevelopment of the foreign exchange market, limited lending opportunities etc., regulatory costs are a significant obstacle to the development of settlements in them. Some of the main directions for the development of settlements in national currencies may be a significant simplification of the norms and procedures of currency control in mutual settlements with partner countries in national currencies as well as har­ monization of the relevant regulatory environment within the framework of in­ tegration associations, primarily the EAEU. In the sphere of financial messaging services, one should not strive to ensure that the financial messaging system of the Bank of Russia (SPFS) becomes commercially efficient and gains as much market share as possible. It should be developed primarily as a backup system, and the main attention should be paid to ensuring the ease of transition to it in case of the Russian Federation’s disconnection from the SWIFT system as well as to compat­ ibility with similar systems operating in the EAEU countries.

Designing Algorithms for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Remote Banking Systems

The objective of this research is to develop a software algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of using the Financial Message Transfer System for Remote Banking Systems. The study considers interactions between the legal entity and the bank that are provided by two types of systems: «Direct Banking» and «Internet Banking». During the work the main features of remote banking systems and the efficiency criteria are identified and analyzed. In accordance with the proposed mathematical model, a software algorithm was constructed to obtain quantitative estimates of Remote Banking Systems effectiveness. The developed algorithm belongs to the heuristic class.

(Dis)aggregated earnings forecasts and acquisition financing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a firm’s mergers and acquisitions (M&A) goals influence its voluntary disclosure policy. Specifically, this paper examines how a firm’s M&A financing intentions influence the degree of aggregation in management guidance prior to and after the M&A transaction. Design/methodology/approach Using a logistic model, this study tests the relation between M&A financing and the decision to issue disaggregate earnings guidance for 3,929 acquiring firms from 2007 to 2011. Findings The logistic regression results show that firms are more likely to provide disaggregate earnings guidance when using mostly stock to finance M&A and that the incentives to disaggregate guidance vary throughout the M&A transactional window. Alternatively, because the value of cash is independent of the true value of the acquirer, the results show that firms offering mostly cash to finance M&A are less likely to issue disaggregate earnings forecasts. Additional analysis reveals that the decision to issue disaggregate earnings guidance also influences post-merger outcomes such as CEO turnover. Research limitations/implications The choice to disaggregate earnings guidance and the choice to use stock as a means to finance an acquisition is made by management, thus are endogenous which could introduce bias. Originality/value This study provides insights into management’s incentives and attitudes toward the use of management forecasts to effect a potential merger and acquisition. Given the flexibility management has in issuing voluntary forecasts, management can tailor a financial message toward investors and potential targets in attempt to facilitate a merger and acquisition and to further the firm’s goals.

Use of financial incentives and text message feedback to increase healthy food purchases in a grocery store cash back program: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe HealthyFood (HF) program offers members up to 25% cash back monthly on healthy food purchases. In this randomized controlled trial, we tested the efficacy of financial incentives combined with text messages in increasing healthy food purchases among HF members.MethodsMembers receiving the lowest (10%) cash back level were randomized to one of six arms: Arm 1 (Usual Care): 10% cash back, no weekly text, standard monthly text; Arm 2: 10% cash back, generic weekly text, standard monthly text; Arm 3: 10% cash back, personalized weekly text, standard monthly text; Arm 4: 25% cash back, personalized weekly text, standard monthly text; Arm 5: 10 + 15%NET cash back, personalized weekly text, standard monthly text; and, Arm 6: 10 + 15%NET cash back, personalized weekly text, unbundled monthly text. In the 10 + 15%NET cash back, the cash back amount was the baseline 10% plus 15% of the net difference between healthy and unhealthy spending. The generic text included information on HF and healthy eating, while the personalized text had individualized feedback on purchases. The standard monthly text contained the cash back amount. The unbundled monthly text included the amount lost due to unhealthy purchases. The primary outcome was the average monthly percent healthy food spending. Secondary outcomes were the percent unhealthy food spending, and the percent healthy and unhealthy food items.ResultsOf the members contacted, 20 opted out, and 2841 met all inclusion criteria. There were no between-arm differences in the examined outcomes. The largest mean (standard deviation) difference in percent healthy spending was between Arm 1 (24.8% [11%]) and Arm 2 (26.8% [13%]), and the largest mean difference in percent unhealthy spending was also between Arm 1 (24.4% [20%]) and Arm 2 (21.7% [17%]), but no differences were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsNone of the tested financial incentive structures or text strategies differentially affected food purchasing. Notably, more than doubling the cash back amount and introducing a financial disincentive for unhealthy purchases did not affect purchasing. These findings speak to the difficulty of changing shopping habits and to the need for innovative strategies to shift complex health behaviors.Trial registrationNCT02486588 Increasing Engagement with a Healthy Food Benefit. The trial was prospectively registered on July 1, 2015.

Gender Representation In E-Discourse Of Banks In Pakistan: A Corpus-Based Study

Electronic discourse emerged, as a new genre, in the last few decades. Like other fields of life, the internet also shifted business from traditional to virtual domains i.e. electronic commerce. Similarly, the banks in Pakistan launched their websites and online services for the purpose of running more effective business. Like other linguistic aspects, the choice of pronouns plays a significant role in making corporate communication more effective. In this regard, inclusion of certain pronouns and exclusion of other pronouns influence the effectiveness of the financial message. This newly emerged discourse needs to be gender balanced in order to be more effective for corporate communication. The current study examined the representation of gender in the e-discourse from feminist perspective. It looked at the occurrences of third person singular pronouns used for representation of men and women on web pages of banks in Pakistan. Corpus analysis tool AntConc (Anthony, 2014) was used to find out the occurrences of pronouns used for female gender and male gender in ‘About us’ section of the banks in Pakistan. Texts were copied from the websites of banks. In order to make these texts machine-readable, they were converted into plain texts. Both quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis were used for better understanding of the research study. Quantitative representation of gender focusingon occurrences of pronouns was complemented with the in-depth presentation of the data. The study revealed gender-based disparities in the banking discourse. Female gender is underrepresented (12.74%) and male gender is overrepresented (87.26%). This low depiction of female gender in the discourse of banks indicates gender biasness; putting female gender in periphery and highlighting male gender by assigning greater number of occurrences.