Financial Donors Research Articles

Світовий досвід державно-приватного партнерства для фінансування соціального житла

In the current socio-economic environment, the issue of providing vulnerable population with affordable and accessible housing has become acute, requiring the public authorities to invest heavily in this area. This problem is relevant not only for Ukraine, where many residential buildings were destroyed as a result of military aggression, but also in other European countries, as quarantine restrictions have caused significant damage to their economies. Another reason for the growing demand for social housing is urbanization, migration, and growing social inequality. The solution to this problem is complicated by the fact that the growing demand for social housing increases the necessary costs for territorial communities, which they cannot always fully cover with budget revenues. On the other hand, private investors need a return on their investments, so they cannot finance social housing projects on their own. As a result, the public-private partnership model has become one of the ways to finance social housing. The purpose of the article is to analyze various public-private partnership mechanisms to provide financing for the construction and allocation of social housing. Since 1980s, public private partnership (PPP) is gaining global popularity as a viable alternative to public funding for building and financing infrastructure projects. PPP is a means to effectively deliver projects in the public sector because it emerges against the backdrop of financial constraints and management capacity in the public sector to support largescale infrastructure projects. PPP not merely means a way to accomplish financial problems by bringing private capital, but it also aims to bring private sector efficiency and best practices in delivering infrastructure. Although, focus of the current debates is primarily on economic infrastructure, but investment on social infrastructure has received surprisingly little attention and it is predicted to continue growing. Governments have a central role in policies and regulations to provide a transparent and fair 'investment field', as well as providing payments to private parties. In investing, the private sector actually requires stability, predictability and a framework that supports their investment in social infrastructure. Meanwhile, the private sector has a role to provide expertise in building social infrastructure efficiently and has added value in innovation. It is recommended to implement a modified PPP model in Ukraine to include international public and private partners as financial donors to compensate for lack of the national budget resources at the moment.

SOCIAL ENTERPRISES LEADING AS THE WAY IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN UKRAINE

In the article shows that due to the introduction of martial law and hostilities in a significant territory of Ukraine, there is a rapid increase in unemployment, an increase in the number of vulnerable categories of the population, and a weakening of their social protection. It is shown that under these conditions, social entrepreneurship can smooth out several pressing issues in society, as well as speed up their resolution. The activities of social enterprises contribute to solving the problems of socially vulnerable people, their employment, and social adaptation. In the article, the author defined social entrepreneurship as an innovative entrepreneurial activity to obtain profit, which is aimed at solving/mitigating social problems and achieving positive changes in society. The author shows that social enterprises play one of the most relevant roles in the process of transitions from a linear to a circular economy. Such companies use innovative strategic thinking to reduce environmental impact and create higher added value to society because the core business mission is a social one; special attention to sustainability is given by the stakeholders who must be involved in the transition process, such as policymakers, technology, and innovation centers, researchers. In the article, the author investigated the achievement of the mission of social enterprises is in various ways: the sale of goods of own production, the support of various projects (social, cultural, sports), and the employment of representatives of vulnerable groups of the population. In this case, one enterprise can engage in different activities at the same time. Social entrepreneurship is a business solution to acute social problems. This concept differs from charity and traditional business in its way of independence from financial donors and external one’s sources of funding and the opportunity to have status non-profitability, as it is not created for the sake of benefits or power preferences.

Utilization of Strategic Marketing in Nonprofit Sector - Evidence from Turkish Nonprofit Organizations

Marketing has always been an important research topic for researchers and practitioners where it often focuses on the private sector and commercial businesses, marketing of non-profit organizations is gaining more importance recently. The reason is non-profit organizations are competing with each other in order to attract new volunteers, allure financial donors and build up their reputation. To achieve these aforementioned objectives, strategic marketing is an invaluable concept that can be utilized by non-profit organizations to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Within this context, aim of this paper is analyze how non-profit organizations in Aegean Region in Turkey incorporate strategic marketing aspects into their organization’s marketing plans. To achieve this aim, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with the chair boards, managers and marketing managers of non-profit organizations located in Aegean Region in Turkey. Overall, 6 in-depth interviews were conducted. Result of the study revealed that non-profit organizations in this study are aware of the strategic marketing concept and utilize some of its aspects in their marketing activities albeit not deliberately. Findings also indicate that internal situational analyses are widely used while planning marketing activities, but not external ones. Numerous suggestions and managerial implications are provided for better utilizations of strategic marketing concept. Limitations and future recommendations are mentioned.

Participatory Approach in Designing Tunas Bangsa 02 PAUD School Learning Facilities

School’s learning facility is one of the crucial components in supporting optimal education to achieve the educational goals, including early childhood education (PAUD). However, Tunas Bangsa 02 PAUD School is a private school that raises its finances and does not take any school fees (free tuition). The improvements to infrastructure and teaching resources are limited and carried out independently. It is necessary to have proper and directed planning so that the development of the learning facility follows the most critical needs. This study describes the design of participatory assistance to map the learning facilities. The participants in this program were the owner of the foundation, financial donors, representatives of parents, and all teachers, accompanied by a team of experts. Of the eight participatory design processes that have been implemented in this initial study, the researchers found that the participatory approach can be applied optimally and able to provide convenience for the school to map, plan and arrange their learning facilities, and a program design of Consultation Stage that consists of 5 stages can be implemented in the following years.

Reflections on internal control and internal audit roles for ensuring financial transparency toward Lebanese NGOs financial donors

Reflections on internal control and internal audit roles for ensuring financial transparency toward Lebanese NGOs financial donors

Reflections on internal control and internal audit roles for ensuring financial transparency toward Lebanese NGOs financial donors

Reflections on internal control and internal audit roles for ensuring financial transparency toward Lebanese NGOs financial donors

ОБЛІКОВЕ ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ЕВАКУАЦІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article reveals that the issue of evacuation of an industrial enterprise due to hostilities and the occupation of state territories is quite complex both from the point of view of legal registration and economic consequences. Failure to take into account the impact of hostilities and the occupation of state territories on accounting objects does not allow trusting the indicators of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets, the assessment of the management of the company's current assets and the indicators of the efficiency of the production process. This significantly reduces the quality of enterprise management and the effectiveness of management decisions. Military actions and occupation of state territories have a significant impact on indicators of the financial condition of the enterprise, the level of financial and economic security, and influence the adoption of investment decisions and decisions regarding crediting and financing of the enterprise by financial donors (investors, banks)". This issue is new in the context of the accounting reflection of the legal and economic consequences of the said process. The process of evacuation of the enterprise is a complex object of accounting in the information of which both internal and external users are interested. Thus, for management as internal users of accounting information, data on the state of evacuation, volumes and costs incurred for evacuation are of interest. In turn, external stakeholders will be interested in information about the evacuation from the point of view of the possibility of launching the enterprise in a safe area and its continuous functioning in future periods. Thus, the article develops a comprehensive approach to the accounting display of the evacuation process of an industrial enterprise. In general, what has been indicated and analyzed allows for the formation of a comprehensive information product for management decision-making by internal and external stakeholders.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

The purpose of the article is to assess the practice of attracting international sources of financial support for public transportation at the regional level, to identify problems with insufficient effectiveness of the implementation of international financial support projects and the formation of solutions at various system levels. It is determined that the main sources of financing of transport entities are self-financing, lending, state and international financial support. The preconditions for the use of credit funds of international financial donors for financing public transport and the conditions for lending to transport entities are described. Peculiarities of public transport lending by way of implementation of the project "Ukraine Urban Public Transport" are analyzed, and it is highlighted that its purpose is to realize the strategic priorities of the transport industry, institutional reforms and informatization. It is clarified that the responsibility for the performance gaps under the project, defined in the assistance agreements, is allocated to the City Councils and / or public transport entities. An assessment of international financial support is made and the reasons for short receipt of funds by transport companies from international financial organizations are specified. The amount of losses on incomplete implementation of the plan of expenditures and provision of credits for the realization of projects in the transport sector of Ukraine is clarified. Inefficiency in finding additional sources of financing of the project "Ukraine Urban Public Transport" is justified due to the impossibility to allocate financial responsibility to a certain project group in case of delay in non-implementation of the project plan at all levels. The organizational and financial mechanism of providing international financing for urban public transport by the European Investment Bank is proposed. It is argued that the mentioned mechanism, in contrast to the existing ones, identifies control points for the flow of financial resources, which provides an opportunity to suggest ways to intensify control activities by observers of the European Investment Bank and the public. The main disadvantage of receiving financing from the European Investment Bank in the framework of the project "Ukraine Urban Public Transport" is identified: obligations to pay VAT to the State budget are allocated to the business entity of the transport sector. The problems of inefficiency of implementation of financing sources of international financial organizations (on the example of the European Investment Bank) are identified and the directions of their solution are offered. The need for coordination of bodies of state supervision at the regional level with the observers' control activity is identified to promote the efficient and meaningful use of international financial sources by economic entities in the transport sector. It is proposed to supplement the state and supranational control with public control functions through the following options for establishing cooperation: 1) interaction of public councils at local self-government bodies with independent observers of international organizations involving auditors of the Accounting Chamber; 2) control of the process of implementation of the credit project of important infrastructure projects, including public transportation, by public organizations of the regional level. Methodology. In accordance with the purpose, the following research methods were used: a systemic approach (in identifying the components of the organizational and financial mechanism of international financial projects and their relationship), methods of comparative and statistical analysis (in assessing the receipt of financial resources from international financial sources). Results. The problems of inefficiency of implementation of financing sources of international financial organizations (on the example of the European Investment Bank) are identified and the directions of their solution are offered. Practical implications. Improving efficiency of using the international sources of financial support at the regional level will contribute to the renewal of the rolling stock of urban public transport, ensure its sustainable operation and development, save jobs at utility enterprises, increase revenues of utility enterprises from the provision of transportation services to the population. Value/originality. The organizational and financial mechanism for providing international financial support for urban public transport by the EIB has been developed, which, unlike the existing ones, identifies control points for grant flows, providing an opportunity to suggest ways to intensify control activities by the EIB observers and the public.

INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRY 4.0 ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

The article examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the competitiveness of the national economy. The authors identified the features of Industry 4.0 and the consequences of the production of its technologies by economic entities. The sphere of influence and global application are the main differences. The main opportunities and risks for the national economy associated with the introduction of technology Industry 4.0 are determined. In particular, the main opportunities are the development of industry, the activation and simplification of the relationship, the spread of cooperation, increasing the competitiveness of production and countries, improving the environmental friendliness of production. The main threats and risks are the increase in unemployment, political and economic instability, legislative risk, as well as the excessive growth of costs for the development and implementation of the latest technologies that may exacerbate countries' dependence on financial donors. For the purpose of thorough analysis, countries, that were selected, are divided into four groups depending on their degree of readiness to introduce the new technologies: leading countries (China, USA, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea); countries that are ready to introduce new technologies (India and Russia); countries with high potential (Australia and Ukraine); countries where the transition is just beginning (Brazil, South Africa and Saudi Arabia). The features of the implementation of the main provisions of the concept of Industry 4.0 in these groups of countries and their impact on the competitiveness of national economies are determined. The factor analysis showed a significant degree of influence of foreign direct investment, the amount of funding for research, development and other factors of innovative development on the volume of gross domestic product produced by the analyzed groups of countries. The main barriers to the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in national production such as the insufficient funding, lack of involvement of small and medium-sized businesses, lack of appropriate capacities and skilled labor, government strategies were identified. These barriers are inherent mainly for the countries of the fourth group. To increase the efficiency of introducing Industry 4.0 technologies, were determined the driving forces, taking into account the specifics of the economic development of each of the groups of the analyzed countries. Implementation of a number of measures on the basis of identifying obstacles to the use of innovative technologies in the national economy of Ukraine are proposed, in particular: enhancing the interaction of stakeholders and the state, developing the latest programs, initiatives and development strategies; increased government funding for the IT sector; deepening integration into existing EU innovation development programs; reforming the mechanism for protecting intellectual property rights in Ukraine; digitalization of basic sectors of industry and infrastructure, and more.

Idealist, Realist or Neo-Realist Financial Aid Donors to Pakistan

Foreign aid has always been an important source of finance for Pakistan. The flow of foreign aid depends upon the donor’s interest and motives that can differ as some may be truly interested in helping the recipient nation (Mumtaz, 2013). Some donors may have a national interest while others may want to enhance their economic relations which refer to the idealist, realist, and neo-realist theories of motivations respectively (Berthelemy, 2005). The present inquiry is informed by a qualitative interpretive approach based on semi-structured interviews regarding financial aid donor’s motives. The overall results revealed people's perception that America has an inclination for both Pakistan’s nation and region for its own benefits whereas the United Kingdom is interested in human resources. Saudi Arab and China have dual motives, one is the development of Pakistan and the other is security and trade interest respectively. So America is proclaimed as realist donors, United Kingdom as Neo-realist while Saudi Arab and China have mixed motivations. Both are Idealists with some realist and neo-realist motivation correspondingly. However other financial aid donors are not prominent amongst the Pakistani nations.

LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF RURAL MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDICAL REFORM IN UKRAINE

Legal support for the constitutional right of citizens to health care and medical care is an important condition for the realization of the principle of recognition the individual on the highest social value. The state guarantees everyone the right to protection of health, medical care and medical insurance; creates the conditions for effective and affordable medical care for all citizens. At the same time, the low level of provision of modern medical equipment, machinery and medicines makes it virtually impossible to provide timely and high-quality medical services in rural areas. The quality of primary health care in rural areas is in terrible condition and the people who live there, and this is more than 30 % of the total population of Ukraine, were very looking forward to changes in this area. After all, most of the old buildings and medical equipment are in poor condition. Medical institutions do not have a complete set of equipment, medical supplies and equipment necessary for primary care. The state of the legal regulation of providing medical care to the rural population of Ukraine objectively needs to be improved. Despite the adoption of numerous normative legal acts, the issues of providing health facilities located in rural areas with the necessary modern equipment and technology remained unresolved until recently. The goal of the article is to investigate the current problems of the legal support for providing medical care in the rural settlements. Particular attention is paid to the reform of the network of the rural health facilities and the problems of staffing. According to the results of the study it is established that from January 1, 2018, the implementation of the rural health reform began in Ukraine. This was due to the need to improve the availability of medical services for the population living in rural areas, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of funds allocated for the development of health care in the village, to bring the network of healthcare institutions in rural areas and their material and technical support into line with the needs of the population. Rural medicine reform is the lengthy process that requires not only careful adherence to legislation, but also a preliminary assessment of the real state of medicine in the remotest corners of Ukraine in order to prepare a platform for change. It is determined that the implementation of medical reform in cities is perceived better, and therefore much faster is happening, what not to say about the countryside. The prompt and timely solution of the problems of reforming rural medicine is possible with the assistance of the state authorities and local self-government, domestic businesses, foreign investors and financial donors, without which it is extremely difficult to cope with decentralization.

The Social Accountability Conceptual Model for Humanitarian Relief NGOs

Interestingly, for the year 2016, there are 10,532 registered not-for-profit agencies with Register of Society (ROS). Malaysian humanitarian relief Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) has risen to another platform to be world-recognised agencies. The humanitarian NGOs receive millions ringgit donations from the financial donors for distribution to the refugee and vulnerable community. With huge amount of money received and trust given by the public, the NGOs have to account for their actions to the upward-downward parties. The research investigate the social engagement undertaken by the NGOs in distributing the public donations to the. Thus, the aims of the research are to explain the social actions undertaken by the humanitarian relief mission NGO to discharge the social accountability to the community, to analyse the performance measurement indicator in deliberating the community’s engagement within the humanitarian relief mission and to conceptualise social accountability model for the humanitarian relief mission. The grounded theory is employed in explaining the human agency’s actions through social constructionist position within the humanitarian relief NGOs, through a series of in-depth interviews, memos, documentary reviews and observations. This methodological foundation considers how social phenomena or objects of consciousness develop in social contexts by understanding of human’s actions. The paper reveals the underpinning social engagement and values articulated by the humanitarian relief agencies and in-depth understand of social accountability for humanitarian relief mission, particularly the aid deployment in the Islamic region. The paper is essential in decision making related to national social policy that relates to National Key Results Areas (NKRAs) in prioritising needs of the people. Additionally, it will develop a social accountability model for the government in supporting the NGOs action; monitoring the cash flow from the donors, NGOs and beneficiaries; and supporting the resolution made by Islamic Countries and Organisation for Islamic Cooperation (OIC).

Community perceptions of scuba dive tourism development in Bien Unido, Bohol Island, Philippines

The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation (CCEF), a Philippine environmental organization, in collaboration with Region 7 municipality leaders from Cebu, Leyte, and Bohol, as well as various financial donors, is striving to improve the marine resource management of the Outer Danajon Bank in the Philippines. One of the goals is to develop scuba dive tourism along the Outer Bank, beginning with the municipality of Bien Unido on Bohol Island. Despite previous efforts to attract investors and tourists by the Bien Unido mayor, dive tourism is currently absent from the municipality. During the summer of 2011, the mayor, the CCEF, and a private real estate developer, agreed to invest in infrastructure and livelihood training in Bien Unido for the purpose of developing a scuba dive tourism industry. This study analyzes current community viewpoints on the development of dive tourism in Bien Unido and four selected dive tourist cites. The study consists of thirty-four qualitative interviews conducted in Bien Unido and four other dive tourist sites as well as 1117 quantitative surveys conducted with community members throughout the central portion of the Philippines (Region 7). This study complements the Danajon Bank Marine Park Project of the CCEF and makes recommendations to improve the management of the Danajon Bank Double Barrier coral reef with protected areas and alternative livelihood projects linked to tourism development. The interviews served to define tourism and to document the specific needs of each barangay, or community, for tourism development. The qualitative survey revealed generally positive attitudes regarding scuba dive tourism development. Nintey-one percent of respondents believe tourism will help the barangay and most would participate in selling food/drink or being a recreational tour guide for tourists. Interview and survey respondents expectations that economic benefits will outweigh any social or environmental challenges, primarily alternative livelihoods and increased revenue for the municipality. Overall, Bien Unido and Region 7 community members will likely welcome visitors to their communities due to the expected benefits regardless of other negative environmental and social externalities such as increases in resource pressures and losses of tradition. Four additional municipalities were selected as “tourism developed sites” to further explore the negative and positive impacts of dive tourism, as perceived by the barangay captains or council, over a range of five to thirty years. These findings revealed challenges that were not mentioned in Bien Unido interviews or in the Region 7 qualitative surveys including changes in the price of living, increases in drug trafficking and sex trade, and private investors controlling community decisions. “As long as tourists like to come, then we want them all. If they will come, we will welcome them all.” Bien Unido interviewee, July 19, 2011

The social value of rescuing food, nourishing communities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the social value food rescue enterprises can create for both their stakeholders and the wider community “in the meantime” whilst longer term solutions to the problems of insecurity and waste are sought. Design/methodology/approach FoodShare, a New Zealand urban-based social enterprise specialising in food redistribution, served as a case study for this research. Semi-structured interviews (n=13) were conducted with FoodShare staff and key stakeholder groups (food donors, financial donors, recipient agencies and volunteers). In addition, an anonymous online survey (n=40) was completed by the wider organisational volunteer network. The interview guides were structured around a new social value evaluation tool, Social Return on Investment, which is increasingly used to demonstrate the impact of such programmes. Deductive methods were used to code the resulting transcripts to identify key outcomes experienced by FoodShare’s stakeholders. Findings The outcomes of FoodShare’s work differed for the various stakeholders. For food donors, outcomes included “more involved relationships with community”, and “improved perceptions of corporate social responsibility”. Identified key outcomes for the financial donors included “key promotional opportunity” and “do something good”. For recipient agencies, important outcomes were “greater volume of food” and “increased reach”. Volunteers reported “meeting new people”, “a sense of accomplishment in helping others” and “learning new skills”. There were also a number of nutritional and environmental outcomes for the wider community. Originality/value Given the dearth of evidence on the societal value that is created in redistributing unsold food to people in need, this novel perspective makes a significant contribution to the literature in this area.

Donor motivation in college sport: Does contribution level matter?

Collegiate sport in the United States not only provides educational opportunities to student athletes, but also offers excellent entertainment options to stakeholders of universities and their community. For the long-term sustainability of college athletic programs, financial support from individual donors is very important. Our purpose in this study was to identify and compare motives of low- and high-contribution donors to athletic programs. A sample of college sport donors (N = 484) completed the Scale of Athletic Donor Motivation, and the data were categorized into low- and high-contribution groups. The results of multigroup structural equation modeling indicated that tangible benefit was a salient predictor of giving intention among the low-contribution group, whereas socialization was significant for the high-contribution group. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Youth against hunger: service, activism and the mobilisation of young humanitarians in 1960s Britain

Youth have been a malleable resource in the fight against hunger, variously conceived as volunteers, political activists, global citizens and financial donors. This article uncovers competing (and sometimes complementary) visions for the participation of British youth in Youth Against Hunger, part of the United Nations Freedom from Hunger Campaign. In doing so, it makes two key contributions to the field. First, by uncovering the professionals and commentators who sought to involve adolescents in humanitarian activity, it accounts for the agency of a more diverse range of non-state participants and experts than are usually included in histories of humanitarianism. Second, in highlighting the pragmatic difficulties in aligning humanitarian and youth-work contexts, it illustrates how domestic concerns about British youth actively shaped the development of the humanitarian sector in this period.

Demographic Characteristics of Donors:An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Health Care of Iran

It is a competitive advantage for a charity to know the demographic characteristics of the potential donors. For this purpose a cross-sectional survey with purposive sampling was conducted. Two factors, non-financial and financial characteristics, were extracted using exploratory factor analysis, explaining 68% of the total variance. The proposed model fitted well and all indexes on confirmatory factor analysis exceeded the standard values. Considering a combination of these factors, health care charities can identify potential donors and formulate different strategies for financial and non-financial donors. This classified model delineates a vision to provide charitable giving.

This Is Not a Dumpsite: The Problem of Evaluating Gift Books

After repeated efforts to streamline their gifts-in-kind selection and processing, librarians still face concerns over the small percent of books added and the amount of staff time required. The primary problem is that the purpose of the gifts program is to add reasonable and relevant materials to the collection, and too little of what is received fits that description. Resulting questions include whether the library needs to continue to receive gifts, and if so, whether there are ways to identify which books might be worth adding to the collection. To answer these questions, the authors reviewed circulation records of gift books acquired over a seven-year period and compared those lists with required reading lists for classes, interlibrary loan reports, and lists of financial donors. Results indicate that gift books do circulate, and that required readings lists can be helpful in gift book selection. Librarians are also encouraged to analyze circulation rates by subject on a periodic basis to hone their ...

Generous But Not Morally Obliged? Determinants of Dutch and American Donors’ Repeat Donation Intention (REPDON)

Next to attracting new financial donors, the need to forge first-time donors’ willingness to continue donating is a critical concern for charitable organizations. This study examined the differences in repeat donation intention (REPDON) of Dutch and American donors and the factors influencing such intention. Results showed that REPDON is significantly higher among American than among Dutch respondents. Furthermore, REPDON among Dutch and America donors depends on their affinity with the cause of the charitable organization. Trust in the charitable organization is only relevant for Dutch respondents, while for American donors belief in the efficacy of their contribution predicts their intention to continue donating. Although a moral obligation to donate is known to influence first time donation, the variable was not found to affect REPDON in both countries

2013 Low-Income Countries Global Risks and Vulnerabilities Report

An assessment of vulnerabilities and risks in LICs remains important both for LICs themselves and for the international community. There are currently 74 LICs, eligible for concessional financing from the Fund. This group of countries has a total population of about 1.3 billion, with an average per capita income of around $850. They typically face the steepest challenges in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and are increasingly the focus of global development assistance to assist them in this endeavor. This report serves several purposes. It provides a cross-cutting analysis of the economic vulnerabilities of LICs, yielding some general policy conclusions and messages aimed at strengthening their resilience to external shocks. It delivers a richer coverage of developments in LICs than is typically contained in the major IMF multilateral surveillance reports, where analysis is focused primarily on developments in the advanced and emerging market economies. The report serves as an effective outreach tool to country authorities and the wider public. Finally, it provides useful information to other international financial institutions (IFIs) and donors that provide financial resources to LICs on the potential financing needs of these countries under varying global scenarios.