Financial Business Research Articles

How Vulnerable are the Self-Employed? Evidence from Ugandan Small-Scale Entrepreneurs

Due to small firm sizes and inter-linkages between household and business finances, small-scale entrepreneurs in developing countries are inherently vulnerable to temporary and permanent income shortfalls, and hence household poverty. While the International Labour Organisation (ILO) generally defines self-employment without employees as vulnerable employment, little empirical research has been done on the extent to which the self-employed are indeed vulnerable. This paper makes two main contributions: first, it operationalises the concept of vulnerability in the context of self-employment in developing countries by defining vulnerability as the risk of having business income below a living wage threshold. Secondly, it investigates the extent and correlates of vulnerability. Using a six-year balanced entrepreneur panel dataset from Kampala, Uganda, it is shown that the self-employed are heterogeneous with respect to vulnerability and observed earnings: 58–74% of the samples are classified as vulnerable in a given year and mostly earn incomes below the living wage threshold. Vulnerable entrepreneurs are shown to be significantly different from non-vulnerable entrepreneurs in several dimensions, including those that do not directly predict income.

Coping with informal fish vending constraints and resilience implications among urban-based women fish vendors in Dar es Salaam

The aim of this study is to examine threats related to informal fish vending business among urban-based women and to propose strategies for overcoming the threats. Specifically, the study ascertains the threats associated with the fishing business and strategies for coping and the capacity to cope. Based on the multi-layered social resilience framework, this study used a qualitative design and a sample size of 30 participants obtained both randomly and purposively. The findings revealed that threats experienced by the vendors include stigma, fish scarcity, higher fish prices, inadequate business capital, various forms of gender-related violence such as sexual harassment, lack of legal status, and various forms of crime including robbery, theft, and pickpocketing. Findings further indicated that vendors managed to develop both reactive and proactive strategies for coping with the threats. Reactive strategies include joining small self-helping groups popularly known as Village Community Banking (VICOBA) and soliciting family and relative support against insecurity threats. Proactive strategies include securing business financing from credible institutions, business diversification and adopting new kinds of business, business registration and licensing, searching for and participating in education and capacity-building programs, as well as business advocacy. It is recommended that government support, provision of education, and access to credit, should be considered in supporting women fish vendors to cope with the threats in their fishing business activities.

Fintech and investment risk of digital finance: mediating role of clean energy and green bonds through the dynamics of spill over.

This study examines how financial technology (FinTech) and green bonds have affected the ability of firms to finance energy efficiency measures by using data obtained from a subset of Chinese companies listed on the A-share market between 2011 and 2021. We apply the quantile-on-quantile method, which allows us to examine the interdependence of time series in each economy separately and yields data on the global and national levels indicating the relationship between the variables. The results show that an increase in both direct and indirect financing for businesses, as well as inter-bank competition, can greatly mitigate the financial limitations that firms suffer as a result of FinTech expansion. Our estimates show that the energy efficiency of the countries we chose improves when they are financed with green bonds across all quantiles of the data. Organizations not owned by the state, SMBs, and the more rapidly developing eastern half of China promise to benefit the most from the moderating effect of FinTech because of the faster pace of development there. The immediate ameliorating effect that financial technology has on reduced lending criteria mostly benefits businesses with either a strong innovation rate or a poor social responsibility performance rate. This is because businesses sharing either of these features are more likely to experiment and develop new products. Both theoretical and practical repercussions of this finding are explored.

Pembenahan Pencatatan dan Pelaporan Keuangan Sanggar Rangkiang Salayo dengan menggunakan Program Akuntansi berbasis Excel

Sanggar Rangkiang Salayo is a women's business group in Solok, West Sumatra. It has been developing a knitting business. The business program focuses on improving product quality, innovation, and systematic business administration. One of the essential aspects of business administration is having good and proper financial records and reporting. Several activities have been carried out to improve the recording and reporting of their business finances using an Excel-based accounting program. In this activity, participants were given training and accompanied when practising each financial recording and reporting stage using a pre-designed accounting program. The method used in this activity was providing material through lectures and training using Excel-based accounting programs demonstrated in front of the training participants. This Excel-based accounting program was designed according to Micro, Small and Medium Entity Financial Accounting Standards (SAK EMKM), which consists of six working papers integrated. The results of this activity were members of the Rangkiang Salayo who were more skilled in recording and reporting financial transactions for their business.

To Invest or not to Invest: The Start-Up Investment Decision-Making Process

This article discusses the five stages involved in securing financing for a start-up business. The first stage involves market analysis to determine the potential for development, including estimation of the addressable market, analysis of the competitive environment using tools like the Five-Forces Model, and identification of the ideal customer and/or consumer. The second section focuses on the business model, which involves determining whether the product is technological or service-based, and conducting a product description, numerical estimation, and definition of the technological dimension. The third section outlines the growth strategy, including identifying competitive advantages and developing a roadmap with the main commercial and technical characteristics to be developed in the future. The fourth stage involves determining the amount of investment required and how the funds will be used. The evaluation of the start-up is a crucial step in this process. The article identifies two fundamental principles for evaluation, namely, that the earlier the start-up, the less sophisticated the evaluation methods, and that since start-ups are not listed on the stock exchange, evaluation is eminently subjective and a continual negotiation process. The final stage involves auditing the existing situation to determine whether the company presents legal or financial risks and whether financing can take place or not.

ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANT OF BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA (BSI) MARKET SHARE BEFORE AND AFTER THE MERGER

Analysis Determinants Market Share of Indonesia Sharia Bank- Perspective Before and After Merger
 Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) is a bank formed by the government from the merging of BRI Syariah, BNI Syariah, and Bank Syariah Mandiri. This study will use structure conduct performance theory (SCP) to examince market share drivers in BSI before and after mergers. Market share is a metric for determining how profitable a firm is at a certain point in tim and in a ived region. ROA, NPF, BOPO, and FDR are some variables utilized to determine market share. Secondary data was employed in conjuction with quantitative approach approaches. The information used comes from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and financial report of banks. Panel data regression applied to BSI before merger and multiple linear regression applied to BSI after merger were the models employed in this investigation. STATA 14 was used to do the experiment. The results of the regression data panels analysis revealed that the financial ratios utilized had a considerable impact on overall market share. As a result, our findings support the SCP theory that financial ratios used to gauge financial performance have an impact on market share. Following that, no significant effect on market share was found using estimates of the overall multiple linear regression variables ROA, NPF, BOPO, and FDR. The limited amount of time-series data used has an impact on insignificant outcomes. However, focusing just on each component reveals, dome promising potential in terms of BSI’s existence. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that the government’s merger is the best way to improve the performance of the Islamic finance business in Indonesia. 
 Keywords: Structure- Conduct- Performance, Market Share, Merger

Fostering MSMEs to Increase Fintech-Based Financial Literacy

The existence of fintech lending can be a solution for MSMEs in obtaining capital, but there are still many MSMEs who do not know what and how the mechanism for obtaining capital through fintech is. It is important to introduce the benefits and dangers of information technology-based lending and borrowing services (Fintech Lending) to MSMEs in Badung Market to increase access to capital so as to increase competitiveness and expand markets, because in addition to the many benefits there are risks involved, so that SMEs understand earlier what risks will be faced from the convenience that is obtained. This community service aims to provide socialization to MSMEs regarding the existence of fintech lending as an alternative source of business funding. Increase insight into information technology-based money-lending services so that you are not fooled by tempting offers.

Research on the Application of Computer Big Data Artificial Intelligence Technology in Financial Institutions' Digital Sensitivity Analysis Economic Risk Model

This paper uses a risk factor model to construct a joint distribution of returns on major risk exposures of financial institutions. This paper also examines the sensitivity of the overall risk of the study to changes in the financial business portfolio and changes in risk correlations. The author mainly introduces VaR, ES and ARMA, the quantitative risk analysis methods widely recognized by the financial industry recently. A measure of the overall risk of a financial institution in terms of returns. At the same time, the sensitivity of different risk measurement tools to changes in financial business portfolio and changes in risk correlation.

Empowerment of Robusta Coffee Farmers to Develop Entrepreneurs in Aceh Barat Based on Technology Application

Background: The problems of robusta coffee farmer in Aceh Barat Regency are lack of insight into the downstream potential of robusta coffee, lack of business development ideas and farmer do not understand making financial reports, legality and business organizational systems. For this reason, assistance are needed to coffee farmers so that they develop their business and increase their income. Contribution: Increasing insight into potential utilization and marketing, entrepreneurial development ideas, business finance. Method: Community service was held on 11-13 November 2022 at Teuku Umar University. The approach taken is in the form of a process of education, training and mentoring focuses on three stages: (1) Education of potential beneficiaries and development of the Robusta coffee business (2) Assistance in preparing financial reports, business organization systems and technology adoption and (3) Socialization of efficient coffee marketing channels. Results: The process that goes through each stage is the purchase of red cherries for robusta coffee. There are 3 sub-districts that currently can become suppliers of robusta coffee in Aceh Barat Regency, namely Woyla Induk District, Samatiga District and Meureubo District. The three districts have taken samples and carried out the drying process to become green beans. After purchasing the fruit, the next stage is the process of drying, roasting, grinding and packaging. Conclusion: The participants who were accompanied were able to apply coffee powder packaging technology at IBT, understand the legality of the robusta coffee business, understand the marketing of the robusta coffee business

Community Empowerment Through Financial Management Training and Business Development of The Borobudur Homestay in Candirejo Village, Magelang District

Background: Community-based tourism is increasingly being considered a more sustainable alternative. Tourism Villages can be a step towards realizing sustainable tourism. This is because the tourism village has the opportunity to open up as much participation as possible for the local community. However, this does not mean anything if managers, including accommodation providers, need qualified organizational and financial management skills. Contribution: This activity aims to provide knowledge to homestay managers in Candirejo Village to properly manage business finances based on SAK EMKM (Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah) Method: The method used by researchers is through training and empowerment of homestay managers Results: The result of this activity is an increased understanding of SAK EMKM in Candirejo Village. After the training, homestay managers have also started implementing SAK EMKM in their financial reports. As a result, the financial position can be monitored, financial leaks can be minimized, and homestay business management can be carried out more effectively and efficiently. Conclusion: The activities that were held went well. This is known from the excellent understanding of SAK EMKM after the training was given

Pelatihan Manajemen Keuangan Usaha Bagi Kelompok Mama-Mama Penjual Pinang di Expo Waena Kota Jayapura

The Indonesian people's financial literacy level until now has not shown good condition, based on the results of a survey conducted by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2019, which shows that financial management has not been implementing by the community. Mapping the level of financial literacy by employment rate, the results showed an increase in the percentage of financial literacy for all classifications of job types from 2016 to 2019, where employers were 43.60%. MSMEs are one of the sectors that have been greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey results showed that 77% of respondents experienced a decrease in income, 35% of whom experience a decreased in income in the range of 40%-60% (OJK, 2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been confirmed from various existing surveys, confirms that financial literacy is a life skill that must be possessed by every individual today. The Business Financial Management training activity for the Betel Nut and Noken Seller Mama Group at Expo Waena aims to be able to foster scientific understanding and understanding of small business actors regarding financial literacy, especially regarding business financial management as a business actor, supporting business actors in making decisions related to business finances and their preferences and is expected to be able to manage and analyze their income and expenses so that more smart and wise in managing business finances and his personal finance. The participants in this activity were the participants who registered, namely 15 participants, and those who participated in the training activity were about 6 people from the group of betel nut and noken sellers at the waena expo in Jayapura City.Keywords: Business, Financial Management, Training

Penyuluhan Pembukuan Keuangan Sederhana Dalam Bentuk Buku Kas Di Desa Muara Tae, Kabupaten Kutai Barat, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

Entrepreneurship is a rapidly growing profession in Muara Tae Village. However, most of the entrepeneur in Muara Tae Village still have not implemented bookkeeping for their business finances. This raises various financial problems in the future. Therefore, to overcome the risk of problems that might occur, we conduct counseling on financial accounting in the form of a simple cash book. The purpose of this activity is to provide an understanding of the importance of financial bookkeeping in the form of a simple cash book so that business people in Muara Tae Village can understand the importance of simple financial bookkeeping and can apply it in running their business. The method used is observation and counseling to residents of Muara Tae Village who have businesses. The activity began with distributing questionnaires through the Muara Tae Village SME’s WhatsApp group, preparing counseling materials, and distributing outreach invitations to SME’s. The result of this activity is an increase in the understanding of SME’s in Muara Tae Village about simple bookkeeping and they can make their own simple bookkeeping according to the business they are doing. This is expected to overcome existing problems and in accordance with the expected benefits.Keywords : entrepreneur, bookeeping, cashflow

Electronic Payment Technology and Business Finance: A Randomized, Controlled Trial with Mobile Money

We conducted a randomized, controlled trial with small- and medium-sized enterprises in Kenya to estimate the causal impact of an electronic payment (e-payment) technology on business finance. Using an encouragement design, we exogenously increased e-payment usage among a random subset of firms by relaxing adoption transaction costs and information barriers. Sixteen months after the intervention, we find that the e-payment technology increased access to mobile loans (in the number of loans as well as in the amount borrowed) by at least 50% (0.17 standard deviation), likely because of the reduction of information asymmetries brought by an increase in digital transactions. We find no effect of the e-payment technology on sales and profits, but we do find a reduction of sales volatility and precautionary investment, especially for smaller firms. This suggests that mobile loans help smaller firms cope with short-term negative shocks. We provide a stylized model of business finance that rationalizes these findings. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance. Funding: This paper was produced under the framework of the “Enabling Innovation and Productivity Growth in Low Income Countries (EIP-LIC/PO5639)” project, funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the United Kingdom and implemented by Tilburg University. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4821 .

Settlement of Disputes and the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs)

This paper investigates mechanisms of settlement of disputes at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) as it is natural to have disagreements between different parties involved in Islamic banking and finance business. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology where the data are taken from journals, books, websites etc. In analyzing the data obtained from the sources, content analysis was used. It is found that dispute settlement at the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) can be both through litigation as well as Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Currently, parties to Islamic banking and finance dispute prefer to settle their dispute amicably through arbitration. Moreover, many arbitration centers on dispute resolution for parties in Islamic banking and finance have been established. However, there are certain challenges in arbitration that need to be overcome for the arbitration to be more effective. The researchers put forward certain recommendations on how to improve arbitration to be more effective in settling dispute between parties in Islamic banking and finance.

Research On the Construction of Financial Shared Service Platform Under the Integration of Industry and Finance

Financial shared service relies on information technology and the background of economic globalization. With advanced financial management technologies and concepts, they are widely used in modern group enterprises. This paper takes CRRC Zhuzhou electric locomotive Co., Ltd. as the research object. The company has formed a financial accounting platform based on the financial sharing service department, and a management accounting professional group with the finance and taxation fund department, business finance department, and overseas finance department as the core. The company's integrated financial sharing service platform has significantly improved the efficiency of employee reimbursement. Through the understanding and analysis of the current financial management model of the Group, the main shortcomings of this model are found out and targeted solutions are proposed.

A Conceptual Roadmap to Success: Understanding the 7 Determinants of Business Performance

This paper emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to achieving business success. The approach includes seven key factors mentioned in the literature: 1-Business model: which encompasses the definition of a business creating, delivering, and capturing values. 2-Vision and goal clarity: This ensures the alignment and cooperation between the departments within the organization. 3-Strategies: This shows the path to achieving the business’s visions and missions. 4-Human resources: which the business performance depends on it. 5-Process: which if managed effectively, results in increased efficiency, costs getting reduced, and customer satisfaction having improved? 6-Structure: which encompasses variables such as hierarchy, function, inclusion, and formalization which influence the organization’s performance. 7-System: which includes different metrics. These metrics offer information about a business's finances, and customer and employee satisfaction. It stresses the importance of the consistent presence of these interconnected factors for business success.

INCREASING SMEs BUSINESS VALUE THROUGH SHARIA PEER TO PEER LENDING ACCESSIBILITY EDUCATION

Efforts to increase financial inclusion and business development in the community are a synergy effort in strengthening SMEs business actors in Sidoarjo City. The active form of strengthening economic values ​​in the community also takes place in the middle of community organizations, such as the Regional Leader of Aisyiyah Sidoarjo which has the SMEs community under its guidance. These two aspects can provide mutual benefits, where the assisted SMEs in Sidoarjo have problems with financial inclusion and the accessibility of financial technology in developing businesses due to the lack of knowledge of SMEs business actors in terms of using technology because based on the survey results there are still many SMEs who do not know about access to capital through sharia peer to peer lending schemes. This condition of inadequate understanding and ability is the background of the urgency of this program to be implemented. The purpose of this community service program is to increase the capacity of SME entrepreneurs through training in the field of financial inclusion which includes financial technology, especially peer to peer lending sharia. The method chosen in this community service activity will involve training participants to actively think, discuss, and directly practice, by: 1) organizing financial inclusion education, 2) training in financial technology accessibility practices, especially peer to peer lending sharia both from the marketing aspect. and community business financing. The results that can be achieved from this activity are that SMEs business gain more insight regarding financial inclusion and increase their ability to develop businesses through the sharia peer to peer lending platform.

Relationship of Precrisis Financial Decisions With the Financial Distress and Performance of Small- and Medium-Sized Restaurants During COVID-19

Based on the trade-off theory of capital structure and the information asymmetry theory of business financing, we evaluated the association of informal financing with the financial performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the restaurant industry. This study collected survey responses directly from small- and medium-sized restaurant owners ( n = 178) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of the study suggested that reliance on “family, friends, relatives, and third-party lenders” for financing was associated with lower financial performance during a crisis for restaurants. Results were robust when controlled for the owner’s gender, business affiliation, firm age, and relative firm size. Furthermore, we also found that the relative firm size of SMEs moderated this relationship such that, for mid-sized firms ($2–5 million annual revenues), the negative association with financial performance was lower than that for smaller firms (<$2 million annual revenue) and larger firms (>$5 million annual revenues). This article theoretically contributes to the literature by investigating the influence of informal financing on a firm’s performance, and the role of relative firm size within the category of SMEs in this relationship. Findings from the study provide practical guidance for SMEs and informal lenders.

The Strategy of Micro Waqf Banks for Job Creation on Micro-Scale Enterprises in Indonesia

Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country with a middle-high level of economic growth supported by micro-scale enterprises. The initiative of the financial services authority to establish and supervise micro waqf banks aimed at channelling micro business financing originating from Islamic social finance is expected to open up business and employment opportunities. This research is essential to ensure micro waqf bank customers develop businesses that require new job creation due to financing their businesses managing. Research contribution for micro waqf banks uses the job creation strategy by developing micro-scale enterprises. The difference in this study regarding the previous micro waqf bank is a job creation strategy for customers in micro-scale enterprises. The research aims to determine the strategy of micro waqf banks for job creation in micro-scale enterprises in Banten Province, Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative and quantitative with a descriptive approach. Primary data sources were obtained from managers and heads of weekly halaqah (halmi) micro waqf banks with interviews by purposive sampling and secondary data from the literature. In contrast, data analysis used the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) technique analysis. Research has found that increasing new customers for micro waqf banks is accompanied by an increase in business financing every year, so there is potential for developing new businesses and the need for additional workers in the informal sector. The SWOT analysis calculations show the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) score of 1.725 strengths and 1.530 weaknesses during the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) score of 2.213 opportunities and 1.244 threats. Hence, utilising Strength and Opportunity (SO) is the strategic priority. The research implications use the strengths and opportunities that bind to micro waqf banks for job-creating opportunities.

Equity Crowdfunding: Financing Instruments MSMEs Compilation of Perspective Sharia Economic Law

This study aims to analyze financing instruments for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through equity crowdfunding and examine equity crowdfunding in the perspective of compilation of Sharia economic law (KHES). This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely research that seeks to describe and explain the data obtained with secondary data. This study uses a literature research approach, where the data sources are obtained from literature studies and various kinds of literature that are worthy of discussion, including the study of OJK Regulation No. 37/POJK.04/2018 and DSN MUI Fatwa No. 117 /DSN-MUI/II/2018. The results of this study indicate that the financing instrument carried out contains business actors, investors and fund distribution institutions. While the review of Islamic economic law regarding equity crowdfunding leads to 2 types of contracts, namely mudharabah and musyarakah contracts that can be used as references.