Finance Business Activities Research Articles

Social entrepreneurship and future employment in Nigeria

AbstractBackgroundTo cater for the growing global population, the future of employment has been policy discourse. This is mainly because, as the population increases, the demand for employment increases. The danger of a looming crisis may be inevitable if considerable employment opportunities are not created to match population growth. In order to curtail uncertainty in the labour market and secure future employment, increased emphasise is laid on entrepreneurship – the skills to match new ideas to market and societal needs.Aim and DataThis study examines the extent of social entrepreneurship and its impact on future employment in Nigeria by testing the hypothesis stated in a null from as “social entrepreneurship has no significant impact on future employment in Nigeria”. The study utilises data sourced from youth entrepreneurship with innovation (YouWiN) (2019) conducted by the World Bank in conjunction with the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of Nigeria.MethodThe study engaged descriptive statistics to estimate logit regression and propensity score matching (PSM) to achieve its objective.ResultThe descriptive statistics show that only 3.15 per cent of entrepreneurship in Nigeria is a social enterprise. In addition, the mean age of business owners is about 31 years, with 83.14 per cent being male. The result from the logit regression shows that ICT utilisation, access to loans, level of education, and gender of business owners are other significant and positive determinants of future employment. The result from the PSM shows that social entrepreneurship is a significant and positive driver of future employment. It shows that social entrepreneurship will contribute not less than 21 per cent to employment in Nigeria in the next five years.ConclusionFrom the analysis, it was revealed that only 3.15 per cent of Nigerian enterprises are social enterprises, which is a possible reason for their little current contribution to present and future employment. More involvement in this sector is capable of improving future employment. In addition, to attain a boost in future employment creation in Nigeria, there has to be a significant contribution in this sector by the youth. In addition, access to ICT by business owners should be enhanced to improve business performance towards contributing to future employment. The government should adopt measures to aid business owners in securing loans to finance business activities and improve their performance.

The role of high-risk funds in financing innovative ventures in Poland

The phenomenon of a capital gap is a problem faced mainly by young, innovative enterprises. Due to running high-risk business activities, access to traditional financing is limited for them. This is why they seek alternative sources of financing. The paper attempts to answer the question of whether financing business activity by high-risk funds and by public capital is a good solution to support innovation. The paper shows the special role of financing ventures with high development potential, particularly those innovative ones, by means of high-risk capital. The article also describes the essence of private equity/venture capital operations and the principles of the activity of the Polish Development Fund (Polski Fundusz Rozwoju), noting PFR Ventures. The paper is based on rich literature, both in Polish and English, which includes results of several studies indicating the relationship between the use of risk capital and innovative business activity. The applied research method was based on a literature review, on the grounds of which the essence of the problem of financing innovative projects was indicated.

Evaluation of the Level of Financial Inclusion among Businesses from the Next 11 Group of Countries

The purpose of the article. The article aims to evaluation which factors are a barrier to financial inclusion in the Next 11 countries. The research aim of this article is to assess the differences in the degree of financial inclusion of business entities from the Next 11 group of countries by taking into consideration the use of basic banking services such as bank accounts, credit lines and loans.
 The hypothesis of the article. The authors put forward the hypothesis that in poorly developed countries, to which the Next 11 countries belong, there are considerable areas of financial exclusion among businesses, in particular among small and medium-sized enterprises. In most of these countries, corporate financial inclusion rates are below the global average.
 Methodology. The article applies the following research methods: a critical analysis of the literature in the theoretical part; and desk research analysis (that is analysis of data gathered) in the empirical part. Research into the degree of financial inclusion in Next 11 countries was conducted on the basis of indicators of the use of banking services by enterprises operating in Next 11 countries.
 Results of the research. The level of companies’ financial inclusion depends above all on the degree to which they make use of bank accounts and bank loans. Countries in different geographical locations vary in terms of economic and technological development and social awareness, which impacts on their participation in the use of banking services.
 Analysis of the basic indicators of banking services availability showed that there is a widespread problem of financial exclusion for companies in Next 11 countries. The proportion of companies possessing a current bank account was below the average of all countries worldwide. However, the worst situation exists in the field of financing business activity using foreign capital. Credit lines there are used on average by less than 25% of companies. However, Next 11 group countries do not see the lack of available credit lines as the main barrier to development.

Capital Structure of Surviving Family Firm in Malaysia

This paper examines the relationship between the determinants and capital structure of surviving family firm in Malaysia with 151 listed companies from 2000 to 2015. Tangibility, growth opportunities, profitability and liquidity as determinants and short term debt, long term debt and debt ratio are the dependent variables. By using panel data, all determinants are significant to debt ratio for surviving family. In a nutshell, surviving family companies prefer to use internal sources as main priority for financial leverage decisions to sustain its business. The results reveal that surviving companies have sufficient liquid assets, can utilize these funds to finance business activities and have lower leverage.

Management Accounting in European Affairs: A Memorandum Methodology for Formalize Audit Evidence

The research investigates the interplay of sustainable tourism, management accounting, monitoring, destination life cycles and stakeholder involvement. Management techniques are considered critical to the sustainable stewardship and competitiveness of tourism destinations in European business agricultural investments. The importance of tourism management and monitoring in destinations and organizations is particularly highlighted through an explanation of sustainable tourism indicator systems such as that created by the European Commission. Systems such as this will help position Europe as the leading sustainable tourism destination in the world both now and in the future. Consequently the sustainability of tourism is now much broader that just environmental considerations. It is commonly considered to be comprised of the three pillars: the environment, the economy and the community. Much of corporate finance takes a particular financial architecture as its reference: the equity company with listed shares and relatively easy access to financial markets. But there are other ways to organize and finance business activities. The forms of ownership, control and financing can vary widely worldwide. In this article we will describe some of these differences. Companies collect liquidity through financial markets, but also through public grants.

ANALISIS TINGKAT LIKUIDITAS PT. SEPATU BATA TBK DITINJAU DARI PERPUTARAN KAS DAN MODAL KERJA

Getting a profit is a business goal, so every effort is made, including controlling finances. Liquidity is one of the financial parameters, which explains how smooth internal finance is, so that it can finance business activities and obligations. This study aims to reveal information related to the liquidity of a company by looking at cash rotation and working capital. For this reason, quantitative methods are used with secondary data (financial reports) as the unit of analysis. In describing the data, regression analysis was used. The results showed that the level of liquidity was highly dependent on cash and working capital. Statistically, working capital is the dominant factor in corporate liquidity. This confirms that liquidity is an alternating flow whose main source is capital. This means that the company's business activities will run smoothly if supported by large capital, this has an impact on the smooth flow of the company's cash flow. This triggers high levels of income, and helps the company cope with its obligations

Mosquepreneur in Perak: Reality or Fantasy?

Social activities at the mosque are still something new in Malaysia and it has not received a lot of attention. However, there are still a few mosque institutions which have focused on social entrepreneurship activities for increasing the mosque’s income source. The questionnaires were distributed to 52 mosque chairmen and observation was done to see the potential of local social entrepreneurship activities based on factors such as the organisational profile, the mosque demographics, assets, income acceptance, social and finance business activities. The data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive analysis. The findings showed that most mosque institutions were able to raise income from entrepreneurial activities. The social activities conducted can increase the mosque income and bring benefit to the local community especially the Muslim community in general. As such, the study findings can provide inspiration and indication for other mosques to take part in social entrepreneurial activities in order to intensify the mosquepreneur efforts.

Author’s toolkit of the state regulation of the development of leasing

The lack of own funds of enterprises is one of the main problems in resolving issues related to the expansion, the acquisition of new equipment or the replacement of the old one. In contemporary economic conditions, it is leasing that is considered one of the most progressive ways of financing business activity. This financial toolkit is able to provide enterprises with access to the most advanced production technologies and equipment. At the same time, this mechanism is paid insufficient attention in our country. To solve these problems, the authors propose, firstly, the implementation of the algorithm for the development of the reproduction of the material and technical base of organizations based on the use of financial leasing. Secondly, a technique for calculating leasing payments based on a parametric model is suggested, taking into account the application of lowering coefficients. The implementation of the proposed toolkit is aimed at improving leasing relations as one of the most important factors of the development of the material and technical base, and funding for reproduction processes.

Mezzanine Capital as A Tool to Increase Enterprise Value in Crisis

The paper contains an analysis of enterprise financing through mezzanine capital. It is a unique source of relatively capital, especially in the context of finding a company in crisis, and the lack of acquisition of other capital from all available sources of external financing. Crucial from the point of view of the authors of the article seems to be correct to define and theoretical mezzanine capital, because it directs not only the use but also the assessment of efficiency. In addition, synthetically it presents quantitative data on the practical application of mezzanine capital. It shows the main advantages and disadvantages of using this type of financing business activity, not forgetting, however, that this issue requires a very thorough and intensive research is in practice.

European Union subsidies and bank credits as external sources of financing for small and medium enterprises in Poland

The selection of financing sources constitutes an important decisive problem for small and medium enterprises. The study encompasses the assessment of which scale small and medium enterprises in Poland use EU funds and bank credits as the sources connected with financing business activity. Moreover, based on surveys of enterprises in Podkarpackie voivodship, the barriers and limitations of SMEs in the access to such financing sources have been defined. The classification and assessment of the significance of particular financial limitations have been performed by means of the reasons for credit passiveness of SMEs and their financial exclusion.

Development of Public Market of Corporate Bonds in Poland

By the end of 2010, corporate bonds had not been very popular in Poland. Most of the issues were not public, which limited their volume and value, and mainly resulted from the lack of a proper public market for trading. The situation changed in September 2009 when the Warsaw Stock Exchange launched the bond market Catalyst that is a public market for trading in debt instruments. The aim of this work is to analyse corporate bonds available on Catalyst to prove that this market has become a significant place for raising capital by companies and has influenced popularity of bonds as a source of financing business activity. The primary methods used during the preparation of this work included: analysis of legal acts and papers on the Catalyst market. The author also conducted an analysis of statistical data on, for example, number of issuers as well as the volume and value of issues over the whole period of Catalyst operations, i.e. from September 2009 until the end of the first half of 2014.The analysis allowed achieving the aim and confirmed that launching the Catalyst market encouraged companies to raise funding through issues of bonds.

Funding self-employment – the role of consumer credit

This article investigates whether self-employed households use consumer loans – in particular, instalment loans and overdrafts – to finance business activities. Controlling for financial and nonfinancial household variables, we show that self-employed households particularly use personal overdrafts significantly more often than employee households. When analysing the correlation between consumer loan take-ups and consumption of self-employed in comparison to employee households, we find first evidence that overdrafts are used by self-employed to finance their business as well. This indicates that intermingling constitutes a financing strategy when regular business loans might not be accessible.

Funding Self-Employment: The Role of Consumer Credit

This paper investigates whether self-employed households use consumer loans - in particular installment loans and overdrafts - to finance business activities. Controlling for financial and non-financial household variables we show that self-employed households particularly use personal overdrafts significantly more often than employee households. When analyzing the correlation between consumer loan takeups and consumption of self-employed in comparison to employee households, we find first evidence that overdrafts are used by self-employed to finance their business as well. This indicates that intermingling constitutes a financing strategy when regular business loans might not be accessible.

Funding Self-Employment: The Role of Consumer Credit

This paper investigates whether self-employed households use consumer loans – in particular instalment loans and overdrafts – to finance business activities. Controlling for financial and non-financial household variables we show that self-employed households particularly use personal overdrafts significantly more often than employee households. When analyzing the correlation between consumer loan take-ups and consumption of self-employed in comparison to employee households, we find first evidence that overdrafts are used by self-employed to finance their business as well. This indicates that intermingling constitutes a financing strategy when regular business loans might not be accessible.

Financing Business Activity through Sale and Leaseback of Real Property-A Comment

Financing Business Activity through Sale and Leaseback of Real Property-A Comment