Final Passages Research Articles

Effects of Roller Milling Parameters on Wheat-Flour Damaged Starch: A Comprehensive Passage Analysis and Response-Surface Methodology Optimization.

Damaged starch typically arises from mechanical damage caused by the action of the roller mills during the wheat flour milling process. The content of resulting damaged starch in the flour significantly influences its characteristics, emphasizing the importance of understanding and controlling the formation of damaged starch for the production of specialized flours. A detailed passage analysis from three different commercial mills revealed that starch damage control is primarily achievable at front passages of the sizing and reduction system, which generate the majority of the flour release in the mill. Also, it revealed that damaged starch content increases progressively from the initial to the final passages during milling in the break, sizing and reduction system. To investigate the effects of milling parameters on damaged starch, flour yield, and energy consumption, a three-level and three-variable Box-Behnken experimental design with response surface methodology was applied. As independent variables roll gap (0.05-0.35 mm), feed rate (0.15-0.35 kg/cm min), and fast roll speed (400-800 rpm) were employed. The obtained models were utilized to optimize milling conditions for producing flours with special characteristics.

Lala

Lala

The Primal Scenes of Language and the Gesture

This paper seeks to develop the connection in Merleau‑Ponty’s later ontology between the gesture and language. There is a concerted effort in Merleau‑Ponty’s “middle period” to illustrate that a linguistic system of signs is internally constellated by the body and its movement. This effort seems to give way to an ontology of flesh in the later period. On closer consideration, however, this ontology and the linguistic system of signs—both “diacritical”—are mutually imbricated. This highlights the crucial importance of separation, deviation, and difference in Merleau‑Ponty’s ontology. A question remains, however: how can the body, and in particular the gesture, be the very site of separation rather than of an initiation or identification? I argue that, for Merleau‑Ponty, every gesture contains something internally antagonistic to it, something that cannot be grasped or moved. In this sense, the gesture is an “implex,” both internally resistant to and productive of signification. It is, in short, the site of a symbolization. In light of this, in the conclusion I reconsider the final passages from “Cézanne’s Doubt” where Merleau‑Ponty discusses Freud’s “hermeneutical musings” on Leonardo, and the passages from “Indirect Language and the Voices of Silence” and the nature lectures where he discusses the painter’s brushwork.

Review: Krishna’s Playground: Vrindavan in the 21st Century, by John Stratton Hawley

Jack Hawley has devoted his academic career to studying Vaishnava devotional (bhakti) groups centered on Krishna. Much of his research over the last five decades has been conducted in Vrindavan, a once-small town in the “wilderness” (the “van” in Vrindavan) about 90 miles from the outskirts of New Delhi. Deeply revered by the devotees of Krishna as an idyllic land of pastures and forest glades, the surrounding district (Braj) provides the background to many beloved tales of Krishna’s pastimes, or lila. The town itself is nestled in an oxbow of the sacred Yamuna river, which is central to many of the stories and rituals enjoyed by Krishna’s devotees.Hawley seems extremely well integrated into the region’s life and rhythms and his deep local knowledge is on display throughout the text. He begins his tour of Vrindavan with detailed discussions of ongoing environmental destruction, land development mania, Disneyfication of sacred sites, manic real estate frenzy, and the mind-numbing political corruption that makes it all possible. Existing and proposed Krishna-based theme parks and shopping malls are described in vivid detail.Since 1970, the professor at Barnard College has personally witnessed Vrindavan’s transformation from near idyllic pilgrimage town (though never the paradise depicted in some nostalgic accounts, of course) to bustling metropolitan sprawl, with high rise apartment complexes cluttering the skyline and the still sacred but hideously polluted and diminished Yamuna river channeled, trashed, toxic, and lifeless. Even the most devout pilgrims no longer risk bathing in the deadly effluent. Hawley provides readers with nightmare images—for example, cows choking on discarded plastic bags—and recurring mentions of the monkey problem. In recent decades, Vrindavan’s resourceful monkeys have taught each other to steal eyeglasses and cell phones. Working in collusion with savvy street kids, these rogue primates drop without warning from eves and awnings to snatch valuables from their startled victims. The loot is then returned to owners by the children for a reward. The children pay their simian collaborators with food. While Hawley is clearly fed up with this symbiotic scam, readers may find it intriguing.ISKCON and its many offshoots and competitors play major roles in the trendy, overdeveloped Vrindavan taking form with great speed. (Curiously, most of the western ISKCON devotees in the town are Russian.) In Hawley’s analysis, “The new Vrindavan could not have developed in the way it has without the particular vision of globalization that the Hare Krishna movement has fostered” (91). The ISKCON faction centered in India’s high-tech incubator Bangalore is especially wealthy, powerful, and ambitious. Hawley devotes a chapter to the group’s partially constructed 70-story temple, the Vrindavan Chandrodaya Mandir. When completed it will be the tallest religious structure on the planet, towering over the long lost pastoral paradise of Krishna’s childhood. Its interior exhibits will edify tourists and pilgrims with anachronistic dioramas and state-of-the-art 3-D projections of the old Vrindavan it has helped destroy.Later chapters discuss competing architectural visions of Vrindavan old and new, the struggle between preservationist and futurist factions fighting for control of the town, the abuse and care of widows (Vrindavan has long provided a rough, but holy, haven for widows discarded by their relatives), the varied influences of ISKCON and rival international new religious movements, and descriptions of the religious careers of Hawley’s Goswami friends. The book concludes with discussions of new versus old, destruction versus preservation, constructed versus primeval, ruin versus renewal, and virtual versus real.The book is an elegy as much as a scholarly tome, written in a style that is highly personal, anecdotal, idiosyncratic, and intimate. Its poetic language and the author’s assumptions about readers’ background knowledge may discourage undergraduates and those unfamiliar with South Asian religion. Readers comfortable with basic Indian religious vocabulary (both Hindi and Sanskrit) will have an easier time with occasional passages where Hawley neglects to translate terms. One suspects that Hawley viewed this book as a culmination of his career and wrote it exactly the way he wished, academic conventions be damned. More power to him.In his final passages, Hawley portrays the rapacious overdevelopment of Vrindavan as emblematic of the disastrous ecological destruction accelerating all around us wherever we live. Hawley concludes with a warning: “Vrindavan is the sign of our times” (297).

Normality: A Critical Genealogy by Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens

Reviewed by: Normality: A Critical Genealogy by Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens Todd Meyers Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens. Normality: A Critical Genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. vi + 440 pp. $35.00 (978-0-226-48405-1). In the final passages of Georges Canguilhem's The Normal and the Pathological, he writes, "Undoubtedly it took the temerity of youth to believe oneself equal to the task of a study of medical philosophy on norms and the normal. The difficulty of such an undertaking makes one tremble."1 A slog through the morass of the normal and adjoining concepts is daunting, and even more so in the long shadow [End Page 467] that Canguilhem's study casts. In Normality, Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens endeavor to do precisely that, offering a critical genealogy of the concept told through a history that is at once material, institutional, subjective, and corporeal (p. 5). Canguilhem sought to make evident the otherwise unnoticed interdependence of the normal and the pathological in medical thought. Cryle and Stephens claim a different motivation: "As the title of our book indicates, this study was born out of impatience and yet produced by dint of persistent labor. We were worn out by the ubiquity of the normal, alienated by it casual self-assurance, sidelined by the manner in which it took its comfortable place in the middle of our lives" (p. 2). All the same, one trembles. Normality traces the concept of the normal as it moves from the early nineteenth century into the mid-twentieth century, not only in medical thought (anatomy, physiology, biology, in the hospital) but also in disciplines and arenas that may have taken cues from medicine but leave clinical priorities behind (viz., physical anthropology, eugenics, social hygiene, and studies of sex and sexuality). The story is chronological as much as genealogical, as the normal makes "its conceptual slide from the descriptive to the prescriptive, from norms to normativity" over time (p. 2). The effort here is twofold: to relate a history of ideas and actors who many readers will be familiar with (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Bichat, Broussais, Poisson, Quetelet, Galton, Lombroso) and interpreters of these sources (Canguilhem, Foucault, Desrosières) to show that forms of thought and practices are taken up in ways that are more contradictory than straightforward. There is dissatisfaction on the part of the authors with the existing reading of this history. Quantitative knowledge does not wholly usurp qualitative observation; counting and probability lead to a scramble for conceptual tools and instruments to produce evidence as much as providing the basis for stable categories and metrics (of types, capacities, and tendencies). This is the political and critical complexion of Cryle and Stephens's study; the normal is a messy concept right up to its modern formulation, and normality is itself anything but recuperative. The last two chapters are where the slide from the descriptive to prescriptive, from norms to normativity, is most evident and results in some of the liveliest moments in the book. Cryle and Stephens write, "Becoming normal was a difficult business at the start of the twentieth century" (p. 288). Correct ways of being set forth in social hygiene campaigns, codified in the statistical and scientific conceptions of the normal that centered especially on sexual behavior and average bodies, began to lose some force by midcentury. Alfred Kinsey's study of sexual behavior, which explicitly sought to relieve normal sexual practices of morality, shows that even when the normal is exposed as malleable, it remains a site of contestation. Normality is not light reading. Its chapters build a case for reconsidering moments in medical and statistical thinking that might otherwise appear resolved for historians or reflect a neat but misleading symmetry of advancing concepts. Despite their doggedness, I cannot help but think that Cryle and Stephens are opening a discussion rather than claiming the final word. I was, however, left wanting a conclusion that might extend this genealogical thread in tangible and important ways into contemporary concerns regarding evidence-based and [End Page 468] personalized medicine, disability, or LGBTQ rights––topics to which the authors are certainly attuned and toward which the book seems to be aimed...

ОТ "АСИ" К "РУСЕ": ТУРГЕНЕВСКИЙ ПОДТЕКСТ В РАССКАЗЕ И. БУНИНА

The article presents a comparative analysis of the novel by Ivan Turgenev “Asya” and Ivan Bunin story “Rusya”. Revealed likenesses in their texts (the main theme of lost love and homeland, framework composition, similarity of titles, the appearance of the characters, the lyrical mood, the final passages, etc.) give grounds to speak of a deliberate Bunin’s “rewriting” the classical work of Russian realism of the 19 th century. The Turgenev implied sense permits precise identification of the main idea in the story “Rusya”: the nonrealizability of a happy love and repeat ability of human life lots.

Patterns in the intercolonial slave trade across the Americas before the nineteenth century

Abstract: The slave trade within the Americas, after the initial disembarkation of African captives in the New World, has received scant attention from historians, especially before the abolition of the transatlantic traffic. This article examines such intra-American trafficking as an introduction to the digital project Final Passages: The Intra-American Slave Trade Database, which aims to document evidence of slave voyages throughout the New World. This article does not provide statistics on this internal slave trade, as ongoing research will deliver new data. Instead, we consolidate qualitative knowledge about these intercolonial slave routes. As the article focuses on the era prior to British and U.S. abolition of the transatlantic trade (1807-1808), we leave out the nineteenth-century domestic slave trades in the United States and Brazil to focus on survivors of the Atlantic crossing who endured subsequent forced movement within the Americas.

Gregory E. O’Malley, Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Pp. 416. Cloth $40.63, Paper $23.67.

Previous articleNext article No AccessGregory E. O’Malley, Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Pp. 416. Cloth $40.63, Paper $23.67.Mieke Nicole LisukMieke Nicole LisukSierra College Search for more articles by this author Sierra CollegePDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of African American History Volume 102, Number 1Winter 2017Rediscovering and Reassessing Frederick Douglass's Novella The Heroic Slave A journal of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5323/jafriamerhist.102.1.0073 Views: 51Total views on this site Copyright 2017 The Association for the Study of African American Life and HistoryPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807 by Gregory E. O’Malley

<i>Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807</i> by Gregory E. O’Malley

O podziałach we współczesnej Ukrainie

The aim of the article is to broaden the discussion on the multi-faceted divisions in Ukraine. Experts of Ukrainian problems are asking, what means „east” and „west” of Ukraine? Author refers to the division of ethnic, linguistic and cultural, in the end is about political divisions in Ukraine. It also indicates that the divisions in Ukrainian society deal with the mutual perception of the Ukrainian and Russian nations. In the final passages concludes that some of the other divisions deepen, making the polarization of Ukraine a serious problem. Analyzing multi-faceted divisions, it concludes that without de-Sovietizing, state „no strikes” with the authoritarian ways of development and make effective modernization.

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807 by Gregory E. O'Malley

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619-1807, by Gregory E. O'Malley. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2014. 416 pp. $45.00 US (cloth). Gregory O'Malley has written a book that is sure to be required reading for students and scholars of the slave trade in the colonial British Atlantic World. Building on scholarship of the Atlantic slave trade and the material in Voyages: A Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, he extends the study of the Atlantic slave trade to what he terms final passages: the voyages of the intercolonial slave trade. The book deftly combines material from the author's database of intercolonial slave trading voyages, records, and correspondence of merchants and colonial officials, and the limited available testimony of captives in the slave trade to provide an impressive overview of this understudied aspect of Atlantic slavery. Final Passages traces the course of the intercolonial slave trade from its origins with pirates and the grey market to supplying underserved colonies in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and redistributing captives in the second half of the eighteenth century. O'Malley's conviction that historians must understand that the human drama of the victims and the cold calculus of the traders went in hand informs the book from start to finish (349). The opening chapter discusses captives and their experiences, and the author is careful to show that while understanding the logic of traders is central to comprehending the mechanics of the trade, such an approach can highlight, rather than obscure, the testimony from captives that appears throughout the book. In explaining why traders forced slaves to particular destinations on board smaller ships, Final Passages shows how the experiences of slaves in the intercolonial trade could differ markedly from the experience of captives in the Atlantic trade. One of O'Malley's many surprising insights is that the mortality rate of the intercolonial slave trade may have been comparable to that of the deadly Middle Passage. Despite conditions that were in many ways less horrific--captives were less likely to be shackled or held below decks and shorter voyages meant less risk of dehydration or starvation--other factors, such as piracy and prevalence of sick and weakened individuals, may have made the intercolonial trade similarly dangerous for captives. The fifth chapter, covering the North American periphery of the intercolonial trade from the Caribbean, is perhaps the most original section of the book. In the chapter, O'Malley explains how captives from the Caribbean ended up in North American ports, forced to labour on North American plantations. The many strengths of the book are on full display as the text guides the reader through the complex machinations that drew slaves to busy colonial ports like Charleston and backwater colonies like North Carolina. The analysis brings together a wide array of factors--from the limited reach of the Atlantic trade in North America to the desire of Caribbean slave traders for profitable markets for captives undesirable in the West Indies--to explain not only why captives were forced to North America, but also how these additional voyages and destinations took a toll on captives. …

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807, by Gregory O’Malley

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807, by Gregory O’Malley

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807, written by Gregory E. O’Malley

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807, written by Gregory E. O’Malley

Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807

Journal Article Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America, 1619–1807 Get access Gregory E. O'Malley. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. xvi, 394 pp. $45.00.) Journal of American History, Volume 102, Issue 2, September 2015, Pages 526–527, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav432 Published: 01 September 2015

Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil: A Reader's Guide

Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil: A Reader's Guide

Le Québec: La révolution silencieuse

The important symbolic and discursive role that the North plays in the Canadian imagination has often been noted. The present essay proposes to consider resonances between the inscriptions of an imagined North in Hubert Aquin’s 1974 novel Neige noire and those in Nicole Brossard’s 2007 novel La capture du sombre. Brossard’s narrative ventures into an Arctic landscape that readers of Aquin’s novel immediately recognize. This quintessentially narrative voyage poses the question of what it may mean to step out of a familiar landscape into a landscape of erasure. The final passages of the two novels have a parabolic density that provokes and resists interpretation. Yet the penultimate scenes seem to suggest a momentary glimmer, a readable trace of that passage through the North.

Hegel y el alma bella. Consideraciones ético-políticas desde la fenomenología del espíritu

This paper will attempt to address the problem that (after a systematic historical review) governs the interpretive horizon of Hegel's philosophy about the movements illustrated. This is the foundation of a new national culture and the establishment of a real political effectiveness of thought. To do this, we juxtapose some Hegelian texts and compare final passages of the Phenomenology of spirit in with other attempts of tacit political resolution. We will analyze specifically the problem of Hegel's interpretation of the Enlightenment and the beautiful soul.

Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis mutants with reduced susceptibility to the investigational oxazolidinone RWJ-416457

RWJ-416457 is a novel investigational oxazolidinone with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to staphylococci and enterococci that are two- to four-fold lower than those of linezolid. Single-step and serial passage in vitro resistance selection experiments were performed for RWJ-416457 and linezolid with Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis laboratory and clinical isolates. RWJ-416457 selected for resistant mutants in single-step selections at a frequency of ≤1 × 10 −10, similar to that of linezolid. In serial passage selection experiments, a G2576T transversion in the domain V region of the 23S rRNA gene was the predominant mutation observed for both oxazolidinones, suggesting similar 23S rRNA binding sites. The associated development of increasing oxazolidinone resistance in E. faecalis (four 23S rRNA alleles) required fewer passages than with S. aureus isolates (six 23S rRNA alleles), and resistance was generally proportionate to the number of mutated (G2576T) 23S rRNA alleles. Fold changes in MICs were similar for both compounds, and MICs for RWJ-416457 remained two- to four-fold lower than those of linezolid for mutants selected by either compound. Serial passage of linezolid with S. aureus OC 2878 yielded a novel A2572T 23S rRNA mutation, whilst the final passages of S. aureus OC 10517 with RWJ-416457 resulted in the apparent loss of a mutated (G2576T) allele 6.

Sequential mutations associated with adaptation of human cytomegalovirus to growth in cell culture

Mutations that occurred during adaptation of human cytomegalovirus to cell culture were monitored by isolating four strains from clinical samples, passaging them in various cell types and sequencing ten complete virus genomes from the final passages. Mutational dynamics were assessed by targeted sequencing of intermediate passages and the original clinical samples. Gene RL13 and the UL128 locus (UL128L, consisting of genes UL128, UL130 and UL131A) mutated in all strains. Mutations in RL13 occurred in fibroblast, epithelial and endothelial cells, whereas those in UL128L were limited to fibroblasts and detected later than those in RL13. In addition, a region containing genes UL145, UL144, UL142, UL141 and UL140 mutated in three strains. All strains exhibited numerous mutations in other regions of the genome, with a preponderance in parts of the inverted repeats. An investigation was carried out on the kinetic growth yields of viruses derived from selected passages that were predominantly non-mutated in RL13 and UL128L (RL13+UL128L+), or that were largely mutated in RL13 (RL13−UL128L+) or both RL13 and UL128L (RL13−UL128L−). RL13−UL128L− viruses produced greater yields of infectious progeny than RL13−UL128L+ viruses, and RL13−UL128L+ viruses produced greater yields than RL13+UL128L+ viruses. These results suggest strongly that RL13 and UL128L exert at least partially independent suppressive effects on growth in fibroblasts. As all isolates proved genetically unstable in all cell types tested, caution is advised in choosing and monitoring strains for experimental studies of vulnerable functions, particularly those involved in cell tropism, immune evasion or growth temperance.

“И престол его утвердится Правдою”: Концепция «праведного правления» в древней Ирландии

The article describes the concept of righteous ruling survived in the early Irish wisdom-literature. Mainly concerned with such texts as De duodecim abusivis saeculi, Audacht Moraind, and Tecosca Cormaic, the good deal of attention is devoted to the concept of iustitia regis and fír(inne) flathemon. Being the central principle of the wisdom-texts genre, its descriptions represent an elaborate exposition of the characteristics of a righteous ruler. The author focuses on such topics as the creative consequences of the just ruling and the destructive consequences of the unjust one, both in Hiberno-Latin and in Early Irish sources. The ethical notions pertinent to the texts of the genre are also dealt with. They are not necessarily Christian, although the modern scholarship tends to connect the “righteous ruler” concept exclusively to the Christian morality. Drawing to the conclusion, the author brings some light on the problem of the concept’s origin and its genesis, its Christian editing and its synthetic (native Irish-cum-Christian) character. The final passages are devoted to the fate of the concept of the righteous ruler developed by the Irish clerical scribes in the works of the authors of the Carolingian Europe and those of the early medieval Kiev Rus. The analogies and ideas outlined were not necessarily borrowed from the common source: their provenance in the sources, such as The Life of Charles the Great by Einhardt and The Instruction by Vladimir the Monomachus, may obtain a cultural typological character.