Final Fragments Research Articles

Molecular Orientation Resolved (e, 2e) Cross Sections for CF4 at 67 eV Impact Energy

In this investigation, the fully differential cross sections (FDCS) for ionization of electron impact at low energy (E<sub>0</sub> = 67 eV) were measured for the specific orientations of the molecules and around it axis. In the full perpendicular plane (FPP), the FDCS for CF<sub>4</sub> were experimentally figured out by using reaction microscope (REMI) for different kinematics such as two ejection electron energies of 5 eV and 8 eV, scattering angles of -25° and 30°, and two molecular axis directions of ϕ<sub>Mol</sub> = 0° and 45°, also their relative orientations such as 180° and 225°. The momentum vectors of the two ejected electrons (with energies E<sub>e1</sub>, and E<sub>e2</sub>) and the fragment ions (e, 2e+ ions) were detected by the triple coincidence method. For the duration of dissociation, the time of flight (TOF) of CF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>, CF<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>, CF<sup>+</sup>, F<sup>+</sup>, and C<sup>+</sup> are observed in the TOF diagram. During the dissociation of the final fragment of CF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> ion and its electronic ground state neutral F, the momentum vector of CF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> allows us to draw conclusions about the orientation of the molecule in the course of the collision. Finally, it was remarked that concerning molecular orientation, electrons are highly sensitive at low energy and low scattering angle.

Ab initio strewn field for small asteroids impacts

In recent years, nine small near-Earth asteroids were discovered a few hours before the collision with the Earth: these are about one metre in diameter objects that have all disintegrated in the atmosphere, generating bright fireballs without causing damage. In some cases, several meteorites have been recovered. In cases like these, it is not always possible to triangulate the fireball generated by the asteroid’s fall to circumscribe the strewn field position. For this reason, it can be important to compute a strewn field “ab initio”, i.e. propagating the asteroid’s trajectory in the atmosphere starting from the initial conditions obtained directly from the heliocentric orbit, coupled with some reasonable hypothesis about the mean strength and the mass of the fragments to “sample” the strewn field. By adopting a simple fragmentation model coupled with a real atmospheric profile, useful results can be obtained to locate the strewn field, as we will show for the recent falls of asteroids 2024 BX1, 2023 CX1 and 2008 TC3. It was possible to locate the strewn field of our study cases with an uncertainty of the order of one kilometre with the mean strength in the range 0.5–5 MPa and the mass of the possible final fragments in the 1 g–1 kg range. We have also verified that a pancake phase after fragmentation is unnecessary to locate the strewn field for a small asteroid fall.

Correlation between Epsilon Wave and Late Potentials in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy-Do Late Potentials Define the Epsilon Wave?

Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disorder characterised by progressive fibrosis predominantly of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium, resulting in life-threatening arrhythmias and heart failure. The diagnosis is challenging due to a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. The important role of ECG was covered in the current diagnostic criteria. The role of the epsilon wave (EW) is still under discussion. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine a potential association between the EW and late ventricular potentials (LPs) in ARVC patients (pts). The correlation between RV dilatation or dysfunction and LPs/EW was also analysed. Methods: The ARVC group consisted of 81 pts (53 men, aged 20-78 years) fulfilling 2010 International Task Force Criteria. 12-lead ECG, LPs, Holter, and ECHO were performed in all pts. The presence of EW was analysed in ECG by 3 investigators. LPs were detected by signal-averaged ECG (SAECG). SAECG was considered positive for LPs when at least two of the three following criteria were met: (1) the filtered QRS duration (fQRS) ≥ 114 msec; (2) the duration of the final QRS fragment in which low-amplitude signals lower than 40 μV are recorded (LAS-40 > 38 msec); and (3) the root mean square amplitude of the last 40 milliseconds of the fQRS complex (RMS-40 < 20 μV). The results were compared with a reference group consisting of 53 patients with RV damage in the course of atrial septum defect (ASD) or Ebstein's Anomaly (EA). Results: In the ARVC group, a significant relationship was observed between the occurrence of EW and the presence of LPs. EW was more common in the LP+ than in the LP- patients (48.1% vs. 6.9%, p < 0001; OR 12.5; 95% CI [2.691-58.063]). In ARVC pts, RVOT > 36 mm, RVIT > 41 mm, and RV S' < 9 cm/s were observed significantly more often in the LPs+ than in the LPs- group (OR [95% CI]: 8.3 [2.9-1.5], 6.4 [2.2-19.0] and 3.6 [1.1-12.2], respectively). In the ARVC group, any of fQRS > 114 ms, LAS > 38 ms, and RMS < 20 μV were significantly more frequent in EW+ pts. In multivariate analysis, the independent factors of the EW were LAS-40 and RV S'. In the LPs- subgroup, RVOT > 36 mm was more frequent in ASD/EA than in ARVC (70.4% vs. 25%, p = 0.002). Similarly, in the LPs- subgroup, RVIT > 41 mm was encountered more frequently in ASD/EA than in ARVC (85.2% vs. 48.3%, p = 0.004). Conclusions: In ARVC, there is an association between EW and LPs, with both probably resulting from the same process of fibrofatty substitution of the RV myocardium. Although RV dilatation is common in ASD and EA, it does not correlate with LPs.

The importance of sublexical structure in the orthographic representation of monosyllabic words

ABSTRACT Participants judged whether a letter-string created a word when a single letter was added to the end indicated by a hyphen. Unique final fragments were easier to reconstruct when corresponding to the body of a word, having no onset (e.g. laugh from –augh) than when the second consonant of a two-letter onset was also included (e.g. blind from –lind). Conversely, unique initial fragments were easier to reconstruct when including the first consonant of a two-letter coda (e.g. drink from drin–) than when corresponding to an “antibody”, having no coda (e.g. claim from clai–). Such results cannot be explained by any account of orthographic processing based purely on the identity and position of the component letters while ignoring their function as an onset, coda, or vowel. Instead, the results are compatible with a model such as the proposed Subsyllabic Processing (SSP) account where subsyllabic structures are hierarchically represented.

Poland's Climate Policy – Selected Legal Aspects

This paper aims to briefly present the climate policy in Poland, in selected critical areas from the author's perspective and that may accelerate or delay the just transformation. Climate policy should be a significant part of Poland's activities because Poland is one of the EU countries most dependent on fossil fuels, and the increase in carbon dioxide emissions is also disturbing. However, as the analyses show, the conclusions of various reports seem fully justified, and Poland is not correctly implementing its climate policy. This paper, the first in the series, first explains the basic concepts. Then it briefly presents the basics of the EU's climate policy. The last part concerns Poland's implementation of climate policy in selected areas. Renewable energy sources and air protection will be discussed first in the series. The final fragment contains unoptimistic conclusions with a simultaneous suggestion to undertake urgent work on the Climate Protection Act in Poland. The research was carried out using dogmatic, legal, and statistical methods to a narrow extent.

A subtraction scheme for processes involving fragmentation functions at NLO

We present a novel subtraction method to remove the soft and collinear divergences at next-to-leading order for processes involving an arbitrary number of fragmentation functions, where this method acts directly in the hadronic centre-of-mass frame. We provide the analytical formulae of the subtraction terms in the general case where all the final state partons fragment to hadrons and for the two special cases when one of the partons of the final state does not fragment, i.e. it is a photon or involved in a jet.

General model and toolkit for the ionization of three or more electrons in strongly driven molecules using an effective Coulomb potential for the interaction between bound electrons

We formulate a general three-dimensional semiclassical model for the study of correlated multielectron escape during fragmentation of molecules driven by intense infrared laser pulses. We do so in the context of triple ionization of strongly driven HeH2+. Our model fully accounts for the singularity in the Coulomb potentials of a recolliding electron with the core and a bound electron with the core as well as for the interaction of a recolliding electron with a bound electron. This model also accounts for the magnetic field of the laser pulse. To avoid artificial autoionization, our model employs effective potentials to treat the interaction between bound electrons. We focus on triple and double ionization as well as frustrated triple and frustrated double ionization. In these processes, we identify and explain the main features of the sum of the kinetic energies of the final ion fragments. We find that frustrated double ionization is a major ionization process, and we identify the different channels and hence different final fragments that are obtained through frustrated double ionization. Also, we discuss the differences between frustrated double and triple ionization. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Recovering short DNA fragments from minerals and marine sediments: A comparative study evaluating lysis and isolation approaches

AbstractMarine sediments as excellent climate archives, contain among other biomolecules substantial amounts of extracellular DNA. Through mineral binding, some of the DNA remains protected from degradation which aids its preservation. While this pool of DNA represents genomic ecosystem fingerprints spanning over millions of years, the capability of current DNA extraction methods in recovering mineral‐bound DNA remains poorly understood. We evaluated current sedimentary DNA extraction approaches and their ability to recover short DNA fragments from artificially created DNA‐mineral complexes involving pure clay minerals or quartz, as well as from different types of natural marine sediments. We separately investigated lysis (DNA release) and isolation steps (purification of DNA) comparing five different lysis buffers across two commonly used DNA isolation approaches: silica magnetic beads and liquid‐phase organic extraction and purification. The choice of lysis buffer significantly impacted the amount of recovered mineral‐bound DNA and facilitated selective desorption of DNA fragments. High molarity EDTA and phosphate lysis buffers recovered on average an order of magnitude more DNA from clay minerals than other tested buffers, while both isolation approaches recovered comparable amounts of DNA. In marine sediments, however, liquid‐phase organic extraction caused inhibitory effects in subsequent downstream applications (e.g., PCR), across all assessed DNA extracts, while silica magnetic beads induced inhibition only in half of the tested DNA extracts. Thus, the isolation approach, together with the lysis buffer, played a decisive role in successful library preparation with lysis buffer choice ultimately impacting final library fragment distribution. With this study, we underscore the critical importance of lysis buffer selection to maximize the recovery of mineral‐bound DNA and show its profound impact on recovered fragment lengths in sedimentary DNA extractions, a crucial factor alongside existing isolation approaches in facilitating high‐quality DNA extracts for downstream analysis related to ancient environmental DNA research.

Characteristics of the fission fragments in the three-body model of binary fission

The evaluated nuclide yields, fragment mass and charge distributions, and averaged total kinetic energy of fission fragments for the neutroninduced fission of 30 actinide nuclei are well described in the new model, which considers the fissioning scission system consisting of two heavy fragments and an α-particle between them. The α-particle has its origin in the neck nucleons. The yield of fission fragments in the model is linked to the number of states over the barrier of the saddle point, which is between the contacting and well-separated fission fragments. The α-particle is fused with the nearest heavy fragment after passing the saddle point, therefore, two final fragments appear during fission. The quadrupole deformations of heavy fragments are taken into account in the model. The fragment yields depend on the heights of corresponding saddle points and the values of the equilibrium quadrupole deformation of fragments.

Histopathological evaluation of the viability of auto-transplanted ovary following vitrification-thawing process in rabbit as an animal model.

Cryopreservation and re-transplantation of ovarian tissue is a relatively new technique to preserve fertility. This study evaluated the preservation of ovarian follicles after the vitrification-thawing procedure by implanting ovarian fragments into the gluteus muscle of rabbit. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed on each rabbit. The cortices were separated from the medullae of ovaries and divided into four fragments. One fresh cortical fragment was used as a control, fixed in 10.00% formalin. Three fragments underwent vitrification-thawing for two weeks. Two of these vitrified-thawed fragments were auto-transplanted into separate locations within the opened gluteus muscle, while the final fragment was fixed in 10.00% formalin. Eight weeks after re-implantation, biopsies were collected from the ovarian fragments and fixed in 10.00% formalin. The numbers and areas (µm2) of morphologically normal follicles were evaluated on sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin through light microscopy. The follicular morphology in the ovarian fragments immediately after vitrification-thawing remained similar to that of the fresh ovary. The number of morphologically intact follicles was significantly lower in the ovarian fragments eight weeks after re-implantation than fresh ovary and ovarian tissue fragments after vitrification-thawing procedure. However, follicular development to the antral stage was observed in all samples eight weeks after re-implantation. There was no statistical difference in the areas (µm2) of primordial, primary, pre-antral, and antral follicles in the ovarian fragments before cryopreservation, immediately after vitrification-thawing, and following re-implantation procedures. Auto-transplantation of ovarian tissue into the gluteus muscle of rabbits could be a viable approach for preserving ovarian follicles after vitrification-thawing procedure.

A Cut-off. Seven Fragments

The text consists of seven fragments which in different ways refer to a central category of separation; in particular to masochism, one of its manifestations. First, however, separation reveals itself in an imaginary act of self-castration (in a dream), described by Schulz in a letter. This act locates the writer beyond the sexes, symbolically excludes him from biological support of the stream of life and directs to art. Schulz considered that irreversible passage from biological reproduction to artistic creation a grave sin. The masochistic separation became a topic of many graphic works and drawings in which the artist, as an icon of himself, paid homage to “la belle dame sans merci.” His literary works are quite different – Schulz’s fiction is marked by shame. The present essay demonstrates how the literary discourse of the Cinnamon Shops generates meaningful gaps. Allusions and silence, all kinds of narrative suspension, were supplemented by Schulz with pictorial representations, according to a principle that what cannot be written about, may be drawn. Many of his graphic works are overt manifestoes of masochism. In the Booke of Idolatry these are emblematic representations, projections of the artist’s own phantasms, based on the visual idiom of the times, while in the compulsive drawings from the 1930s the boundary between fantasy and reality blurs. Schulz’s artistic operations are ostentatious. He never used any disguise, reporting on himself. He was a masochist, but what did it mean? Another fragment is an attempt to find out what it meant to be a masochist in Schulz’s times, and how he defined himself in that context, particularly in an explicit statement made in a letter to a certain psychiatrist: “Creatively, I express this perversion in its loftiest, philosophically interpreted form as a foundation determining the total Weltanschauung of an individual in all its ramifications.” The final fragment presents for the most part some hitherto unknown documents of Schulz’s life, such as a police certificate of decency, men’s second-hand reports on his masochism, and memories of women with whom the writer held various kinds of liaisons.

Between a Dream and Its Realization: Locating Utopia and Zionism in Kafka’s American Story

Abstract This article analyzes Franz Kafka’s first novel, Der Verschollene, as an extended meditation on the immigrant’s experience of frustration when he relies on old national, social, and familial constellations grounded in another, far-off place; it thereby demonstrates how the novel depicts immigration as primarily a tale of loss, rather than gain. The article then pivots to situate Der Verschollene, and especially the novel’s final fragment, in light of Kafka’s passionate consumption of both American travelogues and Zionist periodicals and literature. In light of this literary-historical backdrop and the Kafka short story, Wunsch, Indianer zu werden, it argues that the departure of the novel’s main character for “Oklahama” at the end of the work is an implicit celebration of literary travel narratives for their ability to achieve something real-life migration never can: a utopian moment suspended between a dream and its fulfillment.

Discrete element modelling of the size-dependent mechanical behavior of Al2O3 ceramic under quasi-static uniaxial compression

The size-dependent mechanical behavior of Al2O3 ceramic under quasit-static uniaxial compression was simulated via two-dimensional discrete element method. The numerical sample of Al2O3 ceramic was established by adopting the linear parallel bond contact model, and the inherent defects was further generated by randomly removing a subset of elementary discs. The uniaxial compressive strength of Al2O3 ceramic samples with different sizes follows the Weibull distribution. With an increase in sample size, the magnitude of the uniaxial compressive strength decreases, while its variability increases. Additionally, with sample size increases, both the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio decrease. Meanwhile, the variability in Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio is more pronounced in larger samples than in smaller ones. The progressive fracture process of Al2O3 ceramic sample can be categorized into four typical stages, namely linear-elastic stage, crack initiation stage, crack propagation stage and complete failure stage. The final fragment size distributions of Al2O3 ceramic samples of different sizes can be accurately described by the fractal model. Notably, smaller samples tend to exhibit a greater breakage extent compared to larger samples. Finally, a size-dependent statistical equation of uniaxial compressive strength of Al2O3 ceramic is proposed based on the numerical results and the inverse function of the Weibull distribution, which can provide a theoretical basis for the design and production of ceramic materials.

Comparison of δ13 C analyses of individual foraminifer (Orbulina universa) shells by secondary ion mass spectrometry and gas source mass spectrometry.

The use of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to perform micrometer-scale in situ carbon isotope (δ13 C) analyses of shells of marine microfossils called planktic foraminifers holds promise to explore calcification and ecological processes. The potential of this technique, however, cannot be realized without comparison to traditional whole-shell δ13 C values measured by gas source mass spectrometry (GSMS). Paired SIMS and GSMS δ13 C values measured from final chamber fragments of the same shell of the planktic foraminifer Orbulina universa are compared. The SIMS-GSMS δ13 C differences (Δ13 CSIMS-GSMS ) were determined via paired analysis of hydrogen peroxide-cleaned fragments of modern cultured specimens and of fossil specimens from deep-sea sediments that were either untreated, sonicated, and cleaned with hydrogen peroxide or vacuum roasted. After treatment, fragments were analyzed by a CAMECA IMS 1280 SIMS instrument and either a ThermoScientific MAT-253 or a Fisons Optima isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GSMS). Paired analyses of cleaned fragments of cultured specimens (n = 7) yield no SIMS-GSMS δ13 C difference. However, paired analyses of untreated (n = 18) and cleaned (n = 12) fragments of fossil shells yield average Δ13 CSIMS-GSMS values of 0.8‰ and 0.6‰ (±0.2‰, 2 SE), respectively, while vacuum roasting of fossil shell fragments (n = 11) removes the SIMS-GSMS δ13 C difference. The noted Δ13 CSIMS-GSMS values are most likely due to matrix effects causing sample-standard mismatch for SIMS analyses but may also be a combination of other factors such as SIMS measurement of chemically bound water. The volume of material analyzed via SIMS is ~105 times smaller than that analyzed by GSMS; hence, the extent to which these Δ13 CSIMS-GSMS values represent differences in analyte or instrument factors remains unclear.

Modeling of the Peptide Release during Proteolysis of β-Lactoglobulin by Trypsin with Consideration of Peptide Bond Demasking.

Prospects for predicting the fragmentation of polypeptide chains during their enzymatic hydrolysis using proteolysis models are considered. The opening of the protein substrate during proteolysis and the exposure of its internal peptide bonds for a successful enzymatic attack, the so-called demasking process, were taken into account. The two-step proteolysis model was used, including the parameters of demasking and the rate constants of hydrolysis of enzyme-specific peptide bonds. Herein, we have presented an algorithm for calculating the concentrations of intermediate and final peptide fragments depending on the time of hydrolysis or the degree of hydrolysis. The intermediate peptide fragments with two or one internal specific peptide bond were considered. The fragmentation of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) by trypsin was predicted, and the calculated concentration curves for peptide fragments were compared with the experimental dependences of the concentrations on the degree of hydrolysis. Numerical parameters were proposed that characterize the concentration curves for intermediate and final peptide fragments, and they were used to compare the calculated and experimental dependences. The predicted distribution of the peptide fragments corresponded to the experimental data on the peptide release during the proteolysis of β-LG by trypsin.

THE LENGTH AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE COPY TEXT OF SHEVCHENKO’S POEM “THE GREAT VAULT”

stands in Subotiv village...” to the text of Shevchenko’s poem “Th e Great Vault”. Stanislav Rosovetskyi provided a detailed criticism of this decision in his time, and his counterarguments are consistently considered in the paper. Most of them are refuted or questioned, false statements and inaccurate information are corrected.&#x0D; As a result, the following vision of the history of poem’s creation and circulation has been substantiated. In the early October 1845 in Myrhorod, Shevchenko completed the poem “The Great Vault”, the text of which still might not have had an epigraph and epilogue. Probably, a later copy that belonged to Ivan Lazarevskyi indirectly comes from this autograph. While in Maryinske the poet added an epigraph and on October 21 added the epilogue “There stands in Subotiv village...”, marking the date and place of creation. At that time, according to Olexandr Afanasiev-Chuzhbynskyi, whom the poet met in Lubny on October 25 and stayed with in Iskivtsi on October 25—27, the mystery play had no name. After returning to Kyiv, in approximately April — June 1846 Shevchenko rewrote “The Great Vault” along with other works from an unknown autograph to the manuscript collection “Three Years” in such a way that the epilogue of the poem could be mistaken for a separate work, as it was misunderstood by Vasyl Bilozerskyi who copied the mystery without the final fragment. Obviously, the same mistake was made by other copyists, who started the tradition of “Th e Great Vault” without the epilogue. When Shevchenko received an imperfect copy of I. Lazarevskyi, he had no choice but to edit only what it contained.&#x0D; Apparently, he did not object to the fact that in the copy of Lev Zhemchuzhnykov the final fragment was called “Subotiv”. It is suggested to increase the distance between the end of the third part of the poem and the beginning of the epilogue in the next academic edition, as well as to reproduce all the graphics of the poetic texts in editions closer to the autographs.

Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature

Men Who Brew: Masculinity and the Production of Drink in Medieval Icelandic Literature

Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov study of quantum shell effects on the path to fission in ^{180}Hg, ^{236}U and ^{256}Fm

Quantum shell effects stabilising fission fragments with various shapes have been invoked as a factor determining the distribution of nucleons between the fragments at scission. Shell effects also induce asymmetric shapes in the nucleus on its way to fission well before the final fragments are (pre)formed. These shell effects are studied in fission of ^{180}Hg, ^{236}U and ^{256}Fm with constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations using the D1S parametrisation of the Gogny interaction. Strutinsky shell energy correction and single-particle energy level density near the Fermi surface are computed. Several neutron and proton shell effects are identified as drivers towards asymmetric fission. Shell effects are also used to identify the preformation of the fragments in the later stage of fission.

Восприятие целого и части аудиовидеоизображений мультимодальных эмоциональных состояний человека

&lt;p&gt;The patterns of perception of a part and a whole of multimodal emotional dynamic states of people unfamiliar to observers are studied. Audio-video clips of fourteen key emotional states expressed by specially trained actors were randomly presented to two groups of observers. In one group (N=96, average age &amp;mdash; 34, SD &amp;mdash; 9.4l.), each audio&amp;mdash;video image was shown in full, in the other (N=78, average age &amp;mdash; 25, SD &amp;mdash; 9.6l.), it was divided into two parts of equal duration from the beginning to the conditional middle (short phonetic pause) and from the middle to the end of the exposure. The stimulus material contained facial expressions, gestures, head and eye movements, changes in the position of the body of the sitters, who voiced pseudolinguistic statements accompanied by affective intonations. The accuracy of identification and the structure of categorical fields were evaluated depending on the modality and form (whole/part) of the exposure of affective states. After the exposure of each audio-video image from the presented list of emotions, observers were required to choose the one that best corresponds to what they saw. According to the data obtained, the accuracy of identifying the emotions of the initial and final fragments of audio-video images practically coincide, but significantly less than with full exposure. Functional differences in the perception of fragmented audio-video images of the same emotional states are revealed. The modes of transitions from the initial stage to the final one and the conditions affecting the relative speed of the perceptual process are shown. The uneven formation of the information basis of multimodal expressions and the heterochronous perceptogenesis of emotional states of actors are demonstrated.&lt;/p&gt;

«Time Designations» in East Slavic Etiological Legends: Lexis and Language Cliches

The article analyzes the structure and content of the final fragments of the East Slavic etiological legends containing various time markers and «time designations» that determine, predict and consolidate the transformations of living creatures and natural objects stated in the text of the legend. Special attention is paid to the plots from the East Slavic «etiological fund», for which the temporal aspect is extremely relevant – these are the plots about transformations (of a person into an animal or a plant), about the endowment of natural objects with new qualities or the deprivation of any properties. At the same time, each linguistic and cultural tradition (Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian), in addition to lexis with common cultural semantics (‘forever’, ‘until the end of the world’, ‘forever and ever’, etc.), uses time designations expressed by regional (dialect) language means.