Smoke Filtration Research Articles

The effect of activated carbon granules and KOH solution on welding particulates and gases in air filtration

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Risk Control (HIRARC) is the process of identifying hazards that can occur in routine or non-routine activities in a company or workplace, then carrying out a risk assessment of these hazards.And from the risk assessment, the hazards in the welding workshop that have a moderate risk and are interesting for researchers to innovate are from sources of danger caused by smoke resulting from welding activities, causing workers to experience respiratory problems and eye irritation. Researchers created a smoke filtration device generated from welding with a system where the welding smoke is channeled into the KOH solution to reduce the number of air particles and reduce the levels of toxic substances in the welding smoke, then to keep the KOH solution always clean, a circulation system was created through the carbon to removes dirt and keeps the solution water from being dirty and colorless.Once all the tools are ready, measurements can be made to measure several chemical elements in the welding smoke from the point before it enters the filter and after going through the filtration process. Among the elements measured are Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Particulate PM 2.5 (2.5 Microns), and Particulate PM 10 (10 Microns). Based on research and data testing carried out using the Anova Test and Fisher Pairwise Comparisons, it can be concluded that to produce the best and cleanest air results, the composition is K4 C1 or KOH 10% with Cabon Active 2-3 Mesh. Because if activated carbon with a mesh size larger than 2-3 mesh will affect the quality of the KOH solution because the granules are too small and contaminate the KOH solution. And the higher the KOH solution level, the more effective it is at reducing the dangerous elements in welding fumes.

Effect of Filtration Methods of Various Types of Adsorbents on the Quality of Coconut Shell and Kusambi Liquid Smoke as Raw Materials for Processed Meat Smoking

In this study, there were two groups, namely liquid smoke of kusambi and liquid smoke of coconut shells with various treatments of adsorbent filtration with 3 replications. There are three kind of treatment for each liquid smoke groups, first is liquid smoke without filtration process with adsorbent, liquid smoke with zeolite adsorbent treatment, liquid smoke with silica adsorbent treatment, and liquid smoke with activated charcoal adsorbent treatment. Analysis of variance showed that different types of liquid smoke and different adsorbent filtration had a very significant effect (P0.01) on antioxidants, total acid, specific gravity, tar, phenol content, pH, salinity, TDS, total yield, L* and b* color, hedonic color and smokey scent in the resulting liquid smoke. Analysis of variance showed that the different types of liquid smoke had no significant effect (P0.05), but the filtration treatment with different adsorbents had a very significant effect (P0.01) on viscosity. And the analysis of variance also showed that the different types of liquid smoke and the filtration of different adsorbents had no significant effect (P0.05) on the color a* of the resulting liquid smoke. The differences in the types of liquid smoke and the treatment of liquid smoke filtration with adsorbents had a very significant effect (P0 .01) on antioxidant, total acid, specific gravity, tar, phenol content, pH, salinity, TDS, total yield, L* and b* color, hedonic color, and smoke aroma in the liquid smoke produced. However, the different types of liquid smoke did not have a significant effect on the resulting viscosity (P0.05) and the different types of adsorbents in the liquid smoke filtration process had a very significant effect on the viscosity (P0.01). Meanwhile, the different types of liquid smoke and the different types of adsorbents in the liquid smoke filtration process did not have a significant effect on the value of the color a* or the reddish color of the liquid smoke (P0.05).

Catalytic Surgical Smoke Filtration Unit Reduces Formaldehyde Levels in a Simulated Operating Room Environment

Catalytic Surgical Smoke Filtration Unit Reduces Formaldehyde Levels in a Simulated Operating Room Environment

Smoke filtration performances of membranes produced from commercial PVA and recycled PET by electrospinning method and ANN modeling.

Plastic waste and air pollution are becoming a great concern due to their adverse effect on human health and the environment. There is increasing number of evidence showing that recycling plastic and filtering harmful air pollutants are one of the most effective and promising way to eliminate their hazard on the environment. In this purpose, we developed eco-friendly filtration materials from recycled PET by electrospinning method to be used in air filtration and compared them with conventional PVA membranes. Filtration efficiency of prepared membranes were tested homemade membrane system using cigarette smoke source. Characterization results and smoke filtration performance of recycled PET and PVA membranes before and after smoke filtration were examined. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of PVA-5 wt.%, PVA-10 wt.%, and PVA-15 wt.% were 4.11%, 11.32%, and 12.14%, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in recycled PET-5 wt.%, PET-10 wt.%, and PET-15 wt.% membranes with 4.32%, 10.79%, and 11.68% of filtration efficiency, respectively. Based on this result, using recycled PET can be an alternative way to produce a higher value product compared to traditional polymer membranes used commercially. This result is also supported by the neural network model of this study.

A breathable PTFE membrane for enhanced moxibustion process and occupational health protection

Smoke generated in moxibustion process, which is physiotherapy in traditional Chinese medicine, includes various organic compounds bearing particulate matter. In this paper, according to the composition analysis of moxa smoke, a breathable filter was introduced to reform the moxibustion box for reducing potential respiratory risk and environmental pollution. The breathability, smoke filtration performance, and reuse stability of the filters were systematically evaluated. PTFE membrane with its pore size around 1.44 μm can effectively filtrate (99.99%) the smoke aerosols with the gas permeance of 1257 m3·m-2·h-1·kPa-1, while that of Cambridge filter is 469 m3·m-2·h-1·kPa-1 (filtration efficiency 99.98%). Most of the organic substances such as o-cresol, phenol, stearic acid amide, 2-Pyrrolidinone, etc. can be captured by the PTFE membrane, indicating its excellent protection role. The regeneration performance of the filters and the filtration mechanism of the PTFE membrane were then revealed to verify the applicability of the filters. This PTFE reformed moxibustion box exhibits good application performance and can be well used in clinical practice.

Amphiphobic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with a ring-on-string-like micro/nano structure for air purification

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes with three-dimensional interconnected porous networks are usually used as air filters. However, they are easily contaminated by oily aerosols in air filtration, resulting in a decrease in filtration efficiency. Herein, a strategy for the preparation of amphiphobic PTFE membranes with a ring-on-string-like micro/nano structure for air purification was proposed. First, the PTFE fibers were locked by OTS polysiloxane rings to form an OTS layer with ring-on-string-like structure by spraying octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) solution on the membrane surface. Subsequently, fluorinated silica (F–SiO2) nanoparticles were sprayed to build the micro/nano structure and the surface with low surface energy. The prepared amphiphobic membrane had high liquid repellency to water (～153°), diiodomethane (～136°) and hexadecane (～124°). Moreover, the membrane amphiphobicity exhibited a high stability, which can be ascribed to the OTS layer. The layer has a special ring-on-string-like structure and can act as an anchor to fix the nanoparticles on the membrane surface because of the strong interaction between OTS and the nanoparticles. The filtration test results showed that the amphiphobic membrane developed possessed high removal efficiency for 0.1, 0.16 and 0.2 μm particles (˃ 99.9670%). As for the anti-oil fouling ability, the amphiphobic membrane maintained a pressure drop below 3 kPa in the smoke filtration within 10 min, meaning that the membrane developed had a high anti-oil fouling ability. The developed amphiphobic PTFE membrane in this work has a promising prospect in air purification in oil environments.

The Effect of Orientation Degree of Electrospun Polystyrene Fiber on Filtration Performance of Fiber Membrane

In this study, ultrafine polystyrene fiber membranes with different fiber orientation degrees were prepared by and electrospinning method, and two methods were used to characterize the fiber orientation degree. In addition, the effects of fiber orientation degree on the surface wettability and smoke filtration performance of fiber membrane were studied. The results showed that the water repellency and smoke absorption capacity of the polystyrene fiber membrane decrease with the increasing fiber orientation degree and the porosity. The orientation degree of the fiber has a significant influence on the smoke filtration performance of fiber membrane.

Performance of Electrostatic Precipitator as Air Cleaner in Water Production Process from Humid Air

Humid air as a source of water can be utilized by using a condensation system called the Atmospheric Water Maker (AWM) in order to overcome the problem of limited drinking water supply. However, to maintain water quality and production capacity, the AWM requires an air filtration system with minimum flow resistance. In this work, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was used as an air filter for AWM application. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the performance of ESP in terms of particle collection efficiency and water quality produced by AWM. In order to evaluate the performance of ESP, wire to cylinder type ESP was designed and three experimental activities were performed i.e., smoke filtration test, dust filtration experiment, and AWM water quality assessment. The performance of ESP was studied at various voltages ranging from 5.8 kV to 9.7 kV and two wire mesh sizes. The results showed soot particles were successfully removed by the ESP for all applied voltages with both 1 mm and 4 mm wire mesh. The effect of ESP voltage could be observed in dust filtration experiments in which the particle collection efficiency increases with the increase of voltage. The highest particle collection efficiency was observed at a voltage of 9.7 kV with a wire mesh of 1 mm. The results also showed that the use of ESP for AWM application offered a positive effect on the quality of condensed water in which the water physical and chemical properties satisfy the WHO standard for drinking water.

Detection of human coronavirus RNA in surgical smoke generated by surgical devices

BackgroundGaseous by-products generated by surgical devices – collectively referred to as ‘surgical smoke’ – present the hazard of transmitting infective viruses from patients to surgical teams. However, insufficient evidence exists to evaluate and mitigate the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via surgical smoke.AimTo demonstrate the existence and infectivity of human coronavirus RNA in surgical smoke using a model experiment and to evaluate the possibility of lowering transmission risk by filtration through a surgical mask.MethodsPelleted HeLa-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells infected with human coronavirus were incised by electric scalpel and ultrasonic scalpel, separately. A vacuum system was used to obtain surgical smoke in the form of hydrosol. Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyse samples for the presence of viral RNA, and infectivity was determined through plaque assay. Furthermore, a surgical mask was placed centrally in the vacuum line to evaluate its ability to filter viral RNA present in the surgical smoke.FindingsIn this model, 1/106 to 1/105 of the viral RNA contained in the incision target was detected in the collected surgical smoke. The virus present in the smoke was unable to induce plaque formation in cultured cells. In addition, filtration of surgical smoke through a surgical mask effectively reduced the amount of viral RNA by at least 99.80%.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that surgical smoke may carry human coronavirus, though viral infectivity was considerably reduced. In clinical settings, surgical mask filtration should provide sufficient additional protection against potential coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2, infection facilitated by surgical smoke.

Preparation and Characterization of PTFE/PI Nanofiber Composite Assembled Sponges

Due to the ultralow density and high specific area, nanofibrous sponges show great potential in the field of filtration and separation. To prepare nanofibrous sponges for high temperature smoke filtration, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was chosen due to its corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. PTFE nanofiber prepared via electrospinning shows irregular concave-convex pores in the fiber body, which can improve the specific surface area and further enhance filtration performance. However, sponges made of PTFE nanofiber suffered from severe shrinkage, which limited the development in sponge products. In this study, polyimide (PI) nanofiber converted from polyamic acids (PAAs) nanofiber was introduced into the PTFE sponges to reinforce the dimensional stability. The parameters that influenced the morphology, porosity, shrinkage ratio, and thermodynamic properties of the composite sponges were also investigated. Moreover, the filtration performance of the composite sponges was tested. Results indicated that PTFE/PI composite nanofiber sponges possessed high porosity (94.34–98.12 %), excellent thermal stability (above 550 °C), and decent filtration efficiency (the maximum filtration efficiency reached 99.97 % to PM 2.0) were prepared, which demonstrated the potential in the field of high-temperature filtration.

Laparoscopic Surgery in COVID-19 Era in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

Introduction: There is great concern and risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection from the aerosolized smoke during laparoscopic surgery although there is a lack of enough literature to prove this. To minimize these risks and get the benefi t of laparoscopic surgery, we used a low-cost fi ltration system connected to an underwater seal bag fi lled with a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of prospectively maintained data of cases of laparoscopic surgeries using a low-cost fi ltration device system connected with an underwater seal bag fi lled with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Use of personal protective equipment, minimal staff in operative theatre, preoperatively testing of patients before admission for surgery was done. During surgery, minimal use of electrocautery in low power setting maintaining low pneumoperitoneum and cautious desuffl ation of smoke during and end of the procedure from one of the trocars fi tted to heat and moisture exchanger Filter, connected through a tube to 5 % sodium hypochlorite solution in underwater seal bag was performed.Results: During the lockdown from May 2020 to October 2020, 41 elective laparoscopic surgeries were done. All patients were tested negative before the procedure. No staff in operation theatre developed symptoms of COVID-19 or tested positive for COVID-19 infection for up to 2 weeks period.Conclusions: In this Pandemic situation, we have to co-habit with this SARS-Cov-2 virus. Minimally invasive surgeries can be continued with safety measures with modifications like the use of low-cost filtration devices for smoke filtration and evacuation.

Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber films containing menthol/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for smoke filtration and flavor retention

Nanofibrous membranes for smoke filtration and flavor retention is developed from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and menthol/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes by solution electrospinning. The inclusion complexes of menthol and β-cyclodextrin with an embedding ratio of 64.6% are first prepared by a coprecipitation method, followed by mixing with PVA aqueous solutions for subsequent electrospun fabrication of nanofibrous films. The optimized nanofibrous films possess a high menthol content of 3.9 wt% and satisfied mechanical properties. The flavor compound, menthol, can be efficiently retained in the inclusion complexes and nanofibrous films while free menthol volatilizes rapidly under ambient condition. In addition to the sustained flavor release, the nanofibrous films show promise for air filtration, as evidenced by the reduced harmful substance contents when cigarette smoke as a model substance passes through the film. Moreover, this nanofibrous film is a biocompatible material, which could be potentially useful in the fields of nanofiltration and tobacco processing.

Surgical and Clinical Reactivation for Elective Procedures during the COVID-19 Era: A Global Perspective

Surgical and Clinical Reactivation for Elective Procedures during the COVID-19 Era: A Global Perspective

Application of filtration and re-distillation of liquid smoke as flavouring agent on texture, proximate and sensory characteristics of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fishballs

Liquid smoke is the condensation result of wood pyrolysis that contains many compounds formed by pyrolysis constituent process such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin that produces organic acids, phenols, and carbonyl compounds important in food preservation. The study of fishballs with liquid smoke as flavour is limited. Filtration and distillation of liquid smoke is estimated to give a different effect on the characteristics of fishballs. This study aimed to find out the effect of the liquid smoke on characteristics of milkfish fishballs (texture, proximate and sensory). The experiment was laid out in a factorial experimental design with two factors. The first factor was the type of liquid smoke (filtration and re-distillation) and the second factor was the concentration (1%,3% and 5%) replicated three times. Test parameters used included: texture (hardness, deformation, gelstrength); proximate composition (water, protein, fat and ash content) and sensory characteristics (hedonic value). Parametric data analysis used ANOVA. Results showed interaction types and concentrations of liquid smoke gave significant effect on the hardness, deformation and gel strength (P 0.05). The type and concentration of liquid smoke significantly affected hedonic values of milkfish fishballs (P <0.05). The best hedonic values were obtained in milkfish fishballs with 3% filtration liquid smoke and 5% re-distillation liquid smoke with total hedonic value of 7.38 and 7.04, respectively. Overall, milkfish fishballs with filtration and re-distillation liquid smoke were acceptable according to hedonic value. Liquid smoke types, both filtration and re-distillation can be used as flavoring agents on milkfish fishballs. The best results for using liquid smoke filtration and re-estillation on milkfish fishballs is recommended at 3% and 5%, respectively.

Synthesis of Si/O/C/N quaternary composite aerogels with micro/mesoporous structures and their selective adsorption property for volatile carbonyl compounds in cigarette smoke

Abstract A novel micro/mesoporous Si/O/C/N quaternary composite aerogels were prepared for the first time and possessed efficient synergistic effect of physisorption and chemisorption. In the preparation process, a simple sol-gel method was applied to integrating nitrogen rich chitosan sol and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) sol skillfully. The 2 mm-thick Si/O/C/N composite adsorption layer was sandwiched into the acetate filter rod of control sample to form a test sample with high removal efficiency for volatile carbonyl compounds, especially for crotonaldehyde (75.9%) in mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS). The micro/mesoporous Si/O/C/N quaternary composite aerogels have brilliant prospect in the application of cigarette smoke filtration, water purification, etc.

Effect of type and mode of zeolite application on the cigarette filters efficiency and sorption capacity

Filtration is one way of purification of tobacco smoke. The aim of this study was to examine the potential filtration effects of zeolites Y and ZSM-5, with different degree of crystallinity and in two modes of application (as a segment or as a powder added longitudinally with the filter fibers). Zeolites were added in the quantity of 60 mg. Degree of filter efficiency and sorption capacity has been determined in regard to several hazardous constituents of mainstream tobacco smoke such as: tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine. Composition of mainstream tobacco smoke was determined by using standard ISO methods. Experimental results showed that both, the type and the mode of the zeolite application affected the efficiency of smoke filtration. Zeolite Y, which was longitudinally applied to the filter, is shown to be the most effective. It was found 58.82% reduction of nicotine, 66.86% of tar and 86.24% of CO. During segmental application of zeolites, the blocking effect was observed.

Electrospinning of recycled PET to generate tough mesomorphic fibre membranes for smoke filtration

Regeneration of used pet bottlesviaelectrospinning, into high performance membranes for smoke filtration.

Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters

SUMMARY The filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine, phenol, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Health Canadian Intense (HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5-7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN, ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between 24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend. Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of cigarette smoke filtration in filters. [Beitr. Tabakforsch Int. 26 (2014) 121-131]

Preparation and characterization of AA/AMPS grafted polypropylene by two-steps electron beam irradiation for filtration of cigarette smoke

Novel filter tip PP-g-(AA+AMPS) has been prepared by grafting of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) onto polypropylene (PP) fiber matrix using two-steps electron beam irradiation method. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra and scanning electron microscope indicates that grafting of AA and AMPS on PP matrix were achieved. The maximum grafting degree of AMPS on PP-g-(AA+AMPS) reached 16.54 % with the maximum AA grafting degree of 12.14 % when the grafting reactions were controlled at iniferter concentration of 1.25 wt.‰, AMPS monomer concentration of 20 % and the irradiation time of 20 min. The thermal stability of PP-g-(AA+AMPS) was up to 374.5 °C. The smoking tests indicated that PP-g-(AA+AMPS) based filter tip had better filtration efficiency than PP based filter tip (64 % vs. 28 %). The adsorption capacity of PP-g-(AA+AMPS) was 16.38 mg/g and 8.9 mg/g for nicotine and tar, respectively.

부압을 이용한 배기 흡입형 매연여과장치에 대한 실험적 연구

Over the past years, many research works have been carried out to investigate the factors which govern the performance of diesel engine. The air pollutant emission from the diesel engine is still a significant environmental concern in many countries. In the present study, new system of smoke filtration of diesel engine is proposed. This new system is using vacuum equipment and filter for capture smoke. To verification new system experiments are performed at diesel vehicle and engine dynamometer. As a result it is founded that smoke is decreased of 67% at vehicle test and decrease of 45.2% at full load condition of engine dynamometer test.