Film Apparatus Research Articles

Investigation of the inlet useful temperature difference effect on the distribution of hydrodynamic characteristics of the vapor-liquid flow inside the falling-film evaporator heating tube designed for a nitric acid solutions evaporation

We present the results of mathematical modeling of effect of inlet useful temperature difference on the vapor- liquid flow in the heat exchange tube of a vertical evaporating film apparatus, which is designed for evaporation of nitric acid solutions. Distributions obtained along the heat exchange tube length of local values of the: mass flow rate of the fluid and secondary steam, the velocity of the fluid film, the velocity of the secondary steam, the Reynolds criterion of the liquid and vapor phases, the absolute pressure depending on the values of this useful temperature difference. The study was carried out using numerical simulation. To study the effect of the initial useful temperature difference on the hydrodynamics of the vapor-liquid flow, the vertical evaporator equipped with the tube ø38x3 mm and length of L = 4 m was adopted. The linear nature of the distribution of hydrodynamic parameters along the length of the heat exchange tube is established. The absolute pressure in the tube space decreases along the heating tube due to pressure drop. The limiting factor in reducing the absolute pressure is the friction losses of the secondary vapor on the solution film surface. A decrease in the pressure in the tube space leads to decrease in the boiling point of the solution. This leads to increase useful temperature. This has a positive effect on the evaporation efficiency The obtained data should be used in the design of evaporation plants, which are designed for evaporation of nitric acid solutions.

Оцінка якості мармеладу з додаванням багатокомпонентної плодово-ягідної пасти

Today, the manufacturers of the confectionery industry increasingly focus on the production of products with the addition of various types of fruit and berry raw materials, which are characterized by a high content of physiologically valuable nutrients. Traditionally, such raw materials are used in the technologies of marmalade and paste swirls in the form of pastes, purees and stews. Technologies for obtaining such products involve the use of preservatives, the excessive entry of which into the human body is undesirable. Also, during their production, high temperatures are used (boiling, pasteurization, sterilization), which leads to a decrease in the content of some vitamins, causes the destruction of polyphenolic compounds and the loss of the product's original taste and aroma. Considering this, it is relevant to study the possibility of preserving the natural properties of fruit and berry raw materials by using gentle technological modes for its processing, in particular, low-temperature processing. The quality of the developed jelly-fruit marmalade technology with the replacement of 30% of the recipe fruit puree with a multi-component fruit and berry paste was evaluated. The fruit and berry paste is a blended composition of apple-quinceblackcurrant (40:50:10) concentrated in a rotary film apparatus under gentle conditions (temperature 45...50 °С), which contributes to the maximum preservation of the substances of the derived raw materials. The physico-chemical parameters of the studied marmalades are characterized by close values and are at the level regulated by regulatory documentation. Also, the new product has a higher content of pectin substances (1.5 times), vitamin C (4.8 times) and polyphenols (5.4 times) compared to the control sample. According to the value of the integrated quality assessment index, which took into account group indicators (organoleptic, physico-chemical, biological value), the proposed marmalade exceeds the sample made by classical technology by 39%. Thus, the improved marmalade technology is competitive.

Orienteering (through) cinéma-monde: the hubs, networks, borders, and forests of airport cinema

This article considers a selection of films about air travel that encompass an array of voyagers from refugees to business travelers as a metaphor for cinéma-monde and its complex threads and trajectories. Through an analysis of key moments of transition, transformation, or exposition within short scenes from six films set at least in part at airports, I examine how characters and viewers orient themselves between the hubs shared by air networks and the film apparatuses that compose cinéma-monde. I also consider the ways that air networks intersect with other (terrestrial, virtual, cine-industrial) networks. The films analyzed are Des étoiles/Under the Starry Sky (Dyana Gaye, 2013, France/Belgium/Senegal), Je suis mort mais j’ai des amis/I’m Dead But I Have Friends (Guillaume Malandrin and Stéphane Malandrin, 2015, Belgium/France), Le fils de Jean/A Kid (Philippe Lioret, 2016, France/Canada), Bab el web (Merzak Allouache, 2005, France/Switzerland/Algeria), Bird People (Pascale Ferran, 2014, France), and De Nieuwe Wereld/The New World (Jaap van Heusden, 2013, Netherlands). Drawing on these examples, I propose the concept of “orienteering” as a description for how protagonists navigate narrative spaces but also as a model for how viewers and scholars might interact with films with the cinéma-monde framework.

Mathematical models of heat transport in film apparatus with intensifiers for gas cooling and water heating

In connection with the increased requirements for the efficiency of processes in industrial apparatus of the fuel and energy complex, the design or modernization of scrubbers for cooling the flue and process gases is an urgent task. An effective tool for solving this problem is the mathematical modeling of transport phenomena in two-phase media. Empirical, semi-empirical and numerical models are used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. When developing new designs of contact devices of apparatus, it is more expedient to use software programs, and in solving problems of designing or modernizing apparatus using known types of contact devices, it is better to use semi-empirical methods. This article shows the application of mathematical models of the flow structure of the cell model and of complete displacement, which are relatively easy to solve on a computer, and hydraulic resistance is the main empirical information about the applied contact devices. In this case, the timeline and costs of design works can be reduced.

Improving pastille manufacturing technology using the developed multicomponent fruit and berry paste

A method for manufacturing multicomponent fruit and berry paste based on apples, cranberries, hawthorn with a high content of pectin substances has been improved. A special feature of the technique is the concentration in a rotary film apparatus until a dry matter content of 28... 30 % under a mild mode during 25...50 s provided that the puree is preheated to 50 °C. The limiting shear stress for each type of raw material and the effective viscosity index for the samples of the formulations of the studied pastes have been established. It was found that the best properties are demonstrated by composition with the following formulation ratio of components: apple – 50 %; cranberries – 40 %; hawthorn – 10 %. That makes it possible to obtain pastes with the best chemical composition (the higher content of pectin substances, organic acids, ascorbic acid, etc.). The rational amount of adding 75 % of fruit and berry paste to replace apple puree has been determined and substantiated. That makes it possible to manufacture pastille with a high degree of structure formation, which is confirmed by the viscosity index of 616 Pa∙s, compared with control – 354 Pa∙s. A decrease in the mass fraction of dry substances by 5.0 %, an increase in acidity and reducing substances are ensured, which meets the requirements set by regulatory documents. This amount of paste provides for excellent organoleptic properties, i.e. it gives the products an even red color, pleasant taste, and smell. The developed technology expands the range of "healthy food" by partially replacing raw materials with a low content of physiologically functional components with a multicomponent composition, as well as provides for an increase in the pastille nutritional value. The use of sparing modes of concentration makes it possible to intensify the process of manufacturing a multicomponent paste, which indicates energy and resource-saving technology

Futurist Cinema: Studies on Italian Avant-garde Film ed. by Rossella Catanese (review)

Reviewed by: Futurist Cinema: Studies on Italian Avant-garde Film ed. by Rossella Catanese Nenad Jovanovic Futurist Cinema: Studies on Italian Avant-garde Film. Edited by Rossella Catanese. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. 258 pages. In his monumental Futurism and Futurisms, Pontus Hultén writes that “Futurist cinema does not exist and has never existed.” (448) This is a common position, based on such facts as the absence of references to film in the avant-garde movement’s inaugural text, Marinetti’s 1909 manifesto, the diminutive number of films produced under the movement’s auspices, and the failure of most of those films to live up to the aesthetic and ideational principles set forth in the manifesto and other programmatic writings of the Futurists. On the other hand, Marinetti eventually embraced film in 1916, scripting Vita futurista (Arnaldo Gina) and publishing “Manifesto of Futurist Cinema.” Futurist Cinema, a highly useful and readable collection of essays edited by Rossella Catanese (Adjunct Professor od Italian Cinema and Society at Lorenzo de’Medici Institute), draws much of its intellectual energy from Futurism’s ambiguous relation with cinema. The book consists of a preface, sixteen chapters concerning primarily either with theoretical issues or select case studies, and a detailed filmography and chronology. Futurist Cinema opens forcefully with a contribution by Giovanni Lista, which – along with Catanese’s preface – functions partly as a road map to the thematic preoccupations of the entire book, identifying an interest in medium specificity as the main field of convergence between Italian Futurism and subsequent cinematic avant-gardes, and positing the art movement’s imaginary to range “from streams of consciousness to the kaleidosciopic scenery of the metropolis in action.” (31) Paolo Bertetto’s “Speed and Dynamism: Futurism and the Soviet Cinematographic Avant-garde” narrows down the discussion of Italian Futurism’s influence on later “isms” of the twentieth century by comparing the movement with its counterpart in Russia (which Marinetti visited in 1914). Bertetto’s reference to Eisenstein’s use of the term “Futurist” in relation to the “expositive procedure […] based on the pure assembly of associations to describe a determined fact” (ibid.) is a succinct yet powerful evidence of Marinetti’s legacy in the art scene of the Soviet Union, and Bertetto is undoubtedly correct to cite the ideological fissure between the Italian and Russian Futurists as the reason that commentators have hitherto downplayed the lattter group’s lineage in a movement that would – in the 1920s – come to be associated with a political orientation proscribed throughout the second half of the twentieth century. However, he fails to pursue the implications of this crucial difference between the two related strains of theoretical and artistic production. The fact that their common attraction to speed and power (“in a word, dynamism” [33]) lead the two groups to antihetically opposed political positions, however, begs the question of whether the notion of dynamism possesses the breadth necessary for capturing the points of convergence between the two Futurisms. Valentina Valente’s “Futurism and Film Theories: Manifesto of Futurist Cinema and Theories in Italy in the 1910s–1920s” expands the canon of Italian Futurist theory on cinema by exploring theoretical ideas implicit in their films, critical texts, and manifestos. (45) Justified by the Futurists’ emphasis on the “interrelation among the arts,” (47) this choice obliquely opposes Lista’s in its demarcation of the boundaries separating cinema from other arts, but reveals a commonality with it in stressing the artists and theorists’ collective endeavor to transcend the mechanical mimeticism of the film apparatus and endow it with non-realistic properties available to such artforms as music. The theoretical basis of Futurist cinema is explored further in Sabine Schrader’s bifurcating “Film Aesthetics Without Films”. The first line of Schrader’s argument pits Marinetti’s eventual proclamation of cinema as his favorite artistic medium against the fellow Futurist Umberto Boccioni’s unwavering criticism of it. The comparison is warranted by Marinetti and [End Page 96] Boccioni’s common concern with cinema’s potential to represent mental time of duration, as well as velocity and simultaneity – which the Futurists perceived as key principles of modernity and consistently endeavored to articulate. The other line of argument explores the...

Claude Jutra’s Surfacing (1981) through visual spectacles: Framing female body, voyeurism and paranoia

This article examines Claude Jutra’s 1981 film adaptation of Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing in terms of its focus on female body, voyeurism and paranoia. The psychoanalytic perspective of the feminist film theory, with its emphasis on visual pleasure, narcissism, the male gaze, scopophilia, fetishization of the female, the oedipal nature of the narrative and female subjectivity, provides a pragmatic groundwork for the theoretical underpinning of this study. In the same way, the film apparatus, such as editing and camera work, provides a semiotic impetus to the spectator to identify with the perfect male, and not with the distorted female. With its focus on various scenes, generic codes and aspects of the film, the paper furthermore sees how Jutra’s production validates the prejudices of the classical film narrative in the context of the female image, sexual difference, female desire and stereotyped female paranoia. Despite its narrative focus on the quest of a female protagonist, Jutra’s film conforms to the traditional model of the classical cinema wherein the woman is no more than a signifier – an entity that signifies things in relation to men only.

Improvement of zefir production by addition of the developed blended fruit and vegetable pasteinto its recipe

A method has been developed for the production of a fruit and vegetable paste-like semi-finished product based on an Antonovka apple, Muscat pearl pumpkin and Bona beet. The method is characterized by concentration in gentle temperature conditions (50...55 °C) in a rotary film apparatus to content of 45 % dry matters lasting 1.25...2.0 min. The structural and mechanical characteristics of the mashed potatoes of the components of raw materials and blended concentrated pastes by the developed method are determined. The structure of the developed fruit and vegetable paste was confirmed to be strengthened, since its maximum dynamic viscosity is 283 Pa∙s, which is 1.9 times more compared to the control (apple paste). Thus, a rational composition is selected for further research with the following components in the paste: apple – 60 %; pumpkin – 20 %, beets – 20 % (composition 1). This paste in comparison with the control has a high content of functional physiological ingredients and has good organoleptic properties. The feasibility of using the developed fruit and vegetable paste in composition of zefirs (composition 1) in the amount of 75 % replacement of apple puree is confirmed. The selected zefir sample differs in its original organoleptic properties. This ensures an increase in the effective viscosity (η ef , Pa∙s) of zefirs with the replacement of 75 % of apple puree with blended paste, compared to control (zefirs without additives) from 391 to 782. The plastic strength (P k ) also increases depending on the duration: 75 % – 54.2 kPa (control sample – 47 kPa), which is generally a positive phenomenon from a technological point of view. Such a solution will provide consumers with food products with physiologically functional ingredients of natural origin, subject to the partial or complete replacement of individual raw materials with blended fruit and vegetable compositions, providing an increase in their functional value

IMPROVEMENT OF ZEFIR PRODUCTION BY ADDITION OF THE DEVELOPED BLENDED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PASTEINTO ITS RECIPE

A method has been developed for the production of a fruit and vegetable paste-like semi-finished product based on an Antonovka apple, Muscat pearl pumpkin and Bona beet. The method is characterized by concentration in gentle temperature conditions (50...55 °C) in a rotary film apparatus to content of 45 % dry matters lasting 1.25...2.0 min. The structural and mechanical characteristics of the mashed potatoes of the components of raw materials and blended concentrated pastes by the developed method are determined. The structure of the developed fruit and vegetable paste was confirmed to be strengthened, since its maximum dynamic viscosity is 283 Pa∙s, which is 1.9 times more compared to the control (apple paste). Thus, a rational composition is selected for further research with the following components in the paste: apple – 60 %; pumpkin – 20 %, beets – 20 % (composition 1). This paste in comparison with the control has a high content of functional physiological ingredients and has good organoleptic properties. The feasibility of using the developed fruit and vegetable paste in composition of zefirs (composition 1) in the amount of 75 % replacement of apple puree is confirmed. The selected zefir sample differs in its original organoleptic properties. This ensures an increase in the effective viscosity (ηef, Pa∙s) of zefirs with the replacement of 75 % of apple puree with blended paste, compared to control (zefirs without additives) from 391 to 782. The plastic strength (Pk) also increases depending on the duration: 75 % – 54.2 kPa (control sample – 47 kPa), which is generally a positive phenomenon from a technological point of view. Such a solution will provide consumers with food products with physiologically functional ingredients of natural origin, subject to the partial or complete replacement of individual raw materials with blended fruit and vegetable compositions, providing an increase in their functional value.

Mass Transfer in Irrigated Plane-Parallel Channels at Uniflow Laminar Motion of Liquid and Gas

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in regular film apparatuses containing flat irrigated channels with a laminar flow of gas and liquid as the principal element are studied. The problem is solved by the approximate method, which makes it possible to drastically decrease the amount of the required calculations. It is proven that it is sufficient to determine the dimensionless flux as the function of dimensionless length in a restricted domain of parameters. Approximations are permissible outside the bounds of this domain: in some cases the changes of concentrations in phases along the crosswise direction can be neglected and, in other instances, the concentration changes can be neglected in the whole active mass-transfer region; i.e., diffusion layers exist in one or another phase before the estimation of concentration equilibrium in the system. Finally, the mass transfer resistance is concentrated in liquid or gas; there are parameter spaces where the change of concentration in one of the phases in a crosswise direction can be neglected, while another one contains diffusion boundary layers.

Amateur Movie Making: Aesthetics of the Everyday in New England Film, 1915–1960 ed. by Martha J. McNamara and Karan Sheldon, and: Main Street Movies: The History of Local Film in the United States by Martin L. Johnson

Reviewed by: Amateur Movie Making: Aesthetics of the Everyday in New England Film, 1915–1960 ed. by Martha J. McNamara and Karan Sheldon, and: Main Street Movies: The History of Local Film in the United States by Martin L. Johnson Liz Czach (bio) Amateur Movie Making: Aesthetics of the Everyday in New England Film, 1915–1960 edited by Martha J. McNamara and Karan Sheldon. Indiana University Press. 2017. $85.00 hardcover. $35.00 paper; also available in e-book. 290 pages. Main Street Movies: The History of Local Film in the United States by Martin L. Johnson. Indiana University Press. 2018. $90.00 hardcover. $36.00 paper; also available in e-book. 294 pages. On Main Street in Bucksport, Maine, sits the 1916 Alamo Theatre, home of Northeast Historic Film (NHF), an archive founded in 1984 with the aim of preserving New England's moving image heritage. In its over thirty-year history, its success has been an inspiration to other regional archives. NHF collections are featured in two recent publications from Indiana University Press. Martha J. McNamara and Karan Sheldon's edited collection Amateur Movie Making draws exclusively on the archive's holdings, and Martin Johnson's far-reaching study of local film culture Main Street Movies makes use of NHF's "movie queen" films—films that used a template scenario in which a successful Hollywood actress returns to her hometown for a visit. Each volume makes a significant contribution to the exploration and analysis of filmmaking far beyond the reaches of the production centers of Hollywood and New York. At first blush, Amateur Movie Making's subtitle, Aesthetics of the Everyday in New England Film, 1915–1960, might suggest a narrowly defined field [End Page 179] of inquiry with limited appeal to a broader audience. But readers would be remiss to dismiss such a delightful and expansive volume that resonates far beyond the realm of amateur film. One of Amateur Movie Making's greatest strengths is its addition of materials that animate the films in surprising ways. Included, for example, are three "Reflections" in which the films of prominent figures are discussed by someone close to their work. Feature-film director Whit Stillman reminisces about the films of his grandfather, Ernest Stillman, as a site of family filmmaking heritage that anticipates his own work, and Martha White reflects on the home movies of her grandfather, American novelist and essayist E. B. White, which offer a rare glimpse into the personal life of a deeply private man. Perhaps most moving is Jennifer Neptune's account of her conversations with Penobscot tribal elder Charles Norman Shay. His films of life as a Native American man from Indian Island, Maine, offer rare glimpses into Indigenous life that are not from the perspective of a white settler anthropologist. Shay's films feature images of life on the reservation as well as his many travels abroad and around the country as a serviceman. Archivist Dino Everett provides technical notes that accompany each chapter and offer clear and concise descriptions of the film stocks, cameras, and other technology used in the production of the films; they represent another intriguing way the volume illuminates the films it considers. (Everett also contributes a general overview of amateur and home-movie technologies.) Unlike the recent volume Exposing the Film Apparatus: The Film Archive as Research Laboratory, which uses film technology as a starting point for understanding the interplay of technology and visual aesthetics, the technical information here is driven by specific films.1 Seemingly insignificant technical details, such as the popularity of the diagonal cement splice, encouraged because of its presumed superiority in passing through a projector, take on more meaning when we are informed about the labor and meticulousness involved in this form of editing. Readers understand how the affordances and limitations of the equipment affected the individual film's aesthetics. Perhaps it is unsurprising that a book devoted to films held in an archive should be so attentive to the materiality of the works, but this careful consideration of the intricacies of their production adds another layer of understanding to their interpretation and appreciation. Amateur Movie Making is divided into four parts that roughly organize...

A real‐time WAXS and SAXS study of the structural evolution of LLDPE bubble

ABSTRACTThe structural evolution during the linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) film blowing has been studied with a combination of home‐made blown film apparatus and in situ WAXS and SAXS measurements. Analyzing the evolution of orientation parameters and crystallinity of the bubble shows that the blown film process can be divided into four regions. Distinctly different features of LLDPE bubble are observed in first three regions: (a) lower orientation parameters during the blown film process, (b) higher crystallinity is required to form a deformable crystalline crosslinked network, and (c) the weaker stretching effect and the difficulty of reaching equilibrium when the crystal network deforms. These results should provide a basis for understanding the poor blown film stability of LLDPE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1404–1412

Spray impingement wall film breakup by wave entrainment

Fuel spray impingement on engine wall and piston in the spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) setting has been considered a major concern in the aspect of engine emission and combustion efficiency. Excess wall film will result in deterioration of engine friction, incomplete combustion, and substantial cycle-to-cycle variations. These effects are more pronounced during engine cold-start process. Therefore, the formation of wall film on engine wall/piston and the dynamic process of the wall film interacting with impinging spray and spray-induced gas flow are of great significance for reducing wall film mass. However, the dynamic process of wall film was not investigated thoroughly in existing literatures. This work will present a high-speed, simultaneous measurement of a single-hole spray structure, as well as wall film geometry and thickness, via Mie scattering and volumetric laser-induced fluorescence, respectively. Quantitative film thickness measurement was achieved via fluorescence intensity signal calibration with a known, wedge-shape liquid film apparatus. Remarkable wall film droplet entrainment at the leading edge of the liquid film waves was revealed in the measurement, which has not been adequately depicted or analyzed in existing spray impingement studies. A considerable amount of liquid droplets detaches from the liquid film via liquid film fingering, during which process the quantity of liquid mass on the wall is decreased. Quantitative analysis of such phenomenon is performed and we estimated that a liquid mass equivalent to 30–40% of the residual liquid film mass is detached from the liquid film via wave entrainment. Furthermore, through the comparative study of the side view of the spray and the liquid film caused by spray impingement, it is shown that non-uniform spray structure is likely the cause of liquid film wavy motions. These observations suggest that wave entrainment should be considered by numerical models and experimental designs to accurately predict spray impingement phenomenon.

The developing new wave of Nollywood : a conversation with Niyi Akinmolayan

The new wave of Nollywood is largely defined by the operations and vibrant undertakings of young and serious minded filmmakers in Nigeria. This crop of filmmakers are determined to take over the industry by producing film and movies that possess the much desired lasting substance. These filmmakers are those who Jonathan Haynes has referred to as the “New Nollywood” filmmakers (Haynes, 2014) that gradually emerged with the coming of age of Kunle Afolayan’s The Figurine (2010). Niyi Akinmolayan, a film director and producer is a typical example of this group of filmmakers, whose filmic oeuvre is beginning to attract global attention and significance. In this interview, I engage the cineaste in a discussion that centres on him and permeate the universe of his works. I concentrate on his background and steady rise and development, his philosophy about film in general, and then Nollywood. I tackle him on the development of the various film technologies that have defined the Nigerian cinema. The conversation takes us through particular areas of film apparatuses such as storytelling, film narratives, directors, cinemas films, home videos, audience matter and pioneers of the industries, with reference to those who are unknown and that have influenced this visual creator at Anthills Studio.

APPLICATION OF ROTATED FILM APPARATUS AT PRODUCTION OF MULTI-COMPONENT FRUIT PASTS

The aim of the study is to probate the improved rotated film apparatus (RFA) at producing high-quality multi-component fruit pasts. The construction of the improved RFA with an innovative solution as to the system of heating its working chamber at the expanse of using a radiating heater – FFREhRT is developed. The designed construction is resource-effective and allows to concentrate fruit puree by using saving non-inertial thermal regimes (50...60 °С) with processing duration 0,65...0,8 min to content 25...30 % of RM. At the researches there was realized the probation of the improved RFA at concentrating offered multi-component fruit purees, based on apple, cranberry and haw. The high quality of obtained multi-component fruit pasts was confirmed as a result of studying their structural-mechanical and color characteristics. Structural-mechanical parameters of studied fruit purees allowed to determine the influence of each component of the composition on the dispersed stability of an obtained structure of puree. It was established that the best disperse stable structure is inherent to the composition with percent content of apples, cranberries and haws as 60 ÷ 30 ÷ 10 with the mean radius of microcapillaries nm. As a result of concentrating fruit purees, there were determined their color characteristics by CIELab system. And the comparisons of the studied sample before and after concentration indicate their unessential change. Thus, for the recipe composition with best organoleptic indices: apple, cranberry, haw in ratio 60 ÷ 30 ÷ 10, the brightness index for puree is: Т = 37,8 %, and for the concentrated past – Т = 36,4 % respectively. All obtained compositions are characterized by the red-orange color that totally confirms preservation of their physical-chemical characteristics at thermal processing. The improved RFA construction may be implemented at enterprises of tinned production for processing and getting high-quality fruit pasts for providing needs of food industry of the country.

Rustic Releases

Mapping the complex temporalities set in motion by Partition for film representation and production, this article explores the aesthetic and narrative choices in vernacular cinema from early Pakistan. Here both émigré and ‘indigenous’ film-makers in post-Partition Lahore embraced Punjabi to safely negotiate a regional market, revealing continuity with pre-national film output. Thematically, these films drew on folk tales and legends (qissa – dastan) popular in the subcontinent for centuries, whilst deploying mystical Sufism to fashion a distinctive form, that of the rustic release. Rustic both in narrative content and technical treatment, these films reveal an imagery fabricated by infrastructural constraints. Visuals of an agrarian and highly stratified society are crafted commensurate with vernacular literary output from the region, and imbued with Sufi tropes of healing mystics, charismatic transgressors and annihilating love. Reading the partition classic Kartar Singh (Saifuddin Saif, 1959), the author follows the crystallisation of a local aesthetic, through the interplay of location, film apparatus, contingency (Partition) and image, thus bringing forth the manner in which Lahore films are simultaneously products and re-enactments of Partition.

Exposing the Film Apparatus: The Film Archive as a Research Laboratory

Exposing the Film Apparatus: The Film Archive as a Research Laboratory

Models and calculations of the effectiveness of gas and liquid cooling in foam and film apparatuses

An approach to determining the temperature profiles and effectiveness of gas and liquid cooling in the developed turbulent bubbling layer on trays in column apparatuses and film blocks of cooling towers has been considered. The approach is based on models of the flow structure for two-phase media. Diffusion and cell models with bulk heat and mass sources are used. The solutions of the system of equations of these models for various special cases of heat exchange in gas–liquid media on trays and in the packings of cooling towers have been given. The results of calculations and a comparison with experimental data have been demonstrated.

Exergy analysis of moisture removal from phospholipid emulsions of vegetable oils in rotary film apparatus

Exergy analysis of moisture removal from phospholipid emulsions of vegetable oils in rotary film apparatus

Программно-логический алгоритм управления процессом культивирования фотоавтотрофных микроорганизмов в пленочном аппарате

Программно-логический алгоритм управления процессом культивирования фотоавтотрофных микроорганизмов в пленочном аппарате