Filipendula Vulgaris Research Articles

Standing and shed litters alter plant growth in disturbed and undisturbed soils differently

Abstract Plant species affect key ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling and overall ecosystem productivity through their litter. The outcome of litter effects is largely determined by its decomposability, which directly effects soil properties. If litter remains standing or unshed (i.e. marcescent), its final decomposability can be increased by photodegradation of recalcitrant structures (like lignin). If the litter is immediately shed, its decomposability largely depends on its original nutrient content. Moreover, plant species may affect soil also through other, more direct effects. It is however unknown whether marcescent and immediately shed litters affect soil, and by that plants, differently, whether direct effects of plants on soil interact with those of marcescent and shed litters, and whether these interactions are consistent under different soil conditions. We set up a pot experiment, where we tested the effects of originally marcescent and shed litters (both added on the soil surface of the pots) on three grassland species (Bromus erectus, Filipendula vulgaris and Plantago media) in contrasting soils from long‐term stable ancient grassland and grassland restored on arable land 20 years before. We also tested how litter types and plant species affect soil chemical properties and microbial community (characterised by PLFA markers). Marcescent litter contained a lower amount of nutrients, but still increased plant biomass more than shed litter, although only for F. vulgaris (likely due to mobilisation of soil nutrients). The effect of litter on soil chemical properties and microbial community was low. These were largely affected by the plant species growing in the pot. The effect of these species on the microbial community was stronger in the undisturbed soil of ancient grasslands, while plant species affected mainly chemical properties in disturbed soil of restored grasslands. B. erectus slowed down the decomposition of both litter types in restored grassland soil. The effect of marcescent litter on living plants was significant but species‐specific and depended on soil conditions. Marcescence seems to have a stronger effect on plants in disturbed soil, which indicates its importance for recovery of the ecosystem after disturbance. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Development and validation of a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of organic acids and phenolic compounds in Filipendula vulgaris, Polygonum divaricatum, Hypericum linarioides, and Rheum ribes

This research focused on investigating biologically active and pharmaceutically important phytochemicals using reliable and reproducible analytical techniques specifically designed for traditional medicinal plants. Considering the complex chemical diversity present in plant extracts, reliable identification methods are crucial. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a robust UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic acids (OAs) and phenolic compounds (PCs). With gradient elution of water containing 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid as the mobile phase, OAs and PCs were separated chromatographically on a C18 reversed-phase column. Through the use of an electrospray ionization source operating in negative ionization mode, these compounds were identified on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. The validation results clearly indicate that the method exhibited linearity with a squared correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.9986), demonstrating sensitivity (LOQ: 1.08 µg/L-10.79 µg/L), precision (RSD%≤2.73), and trueness (RE% ≤ 1.53) for the OAs and PCs found in the plants. The developed UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of OAs and PCs in Turkish plants, which are commonly used in traditional medicine. Our study identified a total of 12 OAs and PCs in F. vulgaris, 12 in P. divaricatum, 9 in H. linarioides, and 11 in R. ribes. In particular, gallic acid had the highest content in F. vulgaris (925.67 µg/g extract) and R. ribes (1358.78 µg/g extract), while H. linarioides (730.66 µg/g extract) and P. divaricatum (4003.02 µg/g extract) had relatively high levels of quinic acid. In conclusion, the developed UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method allows the simultaneous analysis and quantification of 2 OAs and 33 PCs in plants and proves to be a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of traditional medicinal plants.

Possibilities of treatment of stress-induced disorders of the menstrual cycle with phytotherapy

A woman’s reproductive system is one of the sensitive indicators of the female health. Its disorders indicate the development of any pathological process in the organism, which is often manifested by changes in specific functions. The impact of constant stress during the war on women who are in the frontline territories is becoming especially relevant today. In modern conditions, when psycho-emotional stress is a part of daily existence, it leads to the formation of pathologies that reduce the quality of life and fertility of a woman.The objective: to study the impact of stress on the female organism and the formation of stress-induced disorders of the menstrual cycle and to analyze the effect of phytotherapy in the complex treatment of such conditions in women.Materials and methods. 50 women of reproductive age (18–45 years old) with various forms of stress-induced menstrual cycle disorders, which developed during their stay in the front-line territories, were under observed. The patients were diagnosed with the following disorders of the menstrual cycle: absent of menstruation, light and infrequent menstruation, heavy, frequrnt and irregular menstrustions, pain and other contitions related to female sexual organs and menstrual cycle.All patients had clinical and laboratory, hormonal and instrumental examinations to determine the form of menstrual cycle disorder. Together with the basic therapy of the specified pathologies, all patients were prescribed a dietary supplement, which included a mixture of plant powder extracts: Vitex agnus-castus – 43,87 mg, Angelica sinensis – 43,87 mg, Filipendula vulgaris – 43,87 mg, Petroselinum crispum – 18,06 mg, Apium graveolens – 18,06 mg, Galium verum – 16,13 mg, Calendula officinalis – 16,13 mg, for 3 months, 2 capsules 2 times a day with with the aim of achieving hormone-correcting, sedative, analgesic, diuretic effects. Control clinical-hormonal and instrumental studies were conducted after 3 months.Results. During the study reduction of complaints was observeed (emotional lability – by 68%, periodic headache – by 36%, sleep disturbances – by 48%, anxiety – by 50%, fatigue – by 60%), as well as the normalization of the hormonal level – a decrease of prolactin concentration in 2 times, cortisol and follicle-stimulating hormone – 1.5 times, luteinizing hormone – 1.7 times, estradiol – 1.3 times, and an increase of progesterone level – in 7 times.A decrease or disappearance of clinical symptoms the menstrual cycle disorders, namely, a normalization of the frequency, duration and regularity of the menstrual cycle, a decrease in the amount of blood loss and manifestations of dysmenorrhea were determined.Conclusions. Phytotherapy, the composition of which contains a preparation with a blend of plant powder extracts: Vitex agnus-castus– 43,87 mg, Angelica sinensis – 43,87 mg, Filipendula vulgaris – 43,87 mg, Petroselinum crispum – 18,06 mg, Apium graveolens – 18,06 mg, Galium verum – 16,13 mg, Calendula officinalis – 16,13 mg, is effective in complex treatment of various forms of stress-induced menstrual cycle disorders.

The results of the field accounting of medicinal plants in the forest and forest-steppe zones of Central Russia

To assess the potential of the raw material base of medicinal plants and search for new plant sources of biologically active substances, it is necessary to monitor and record the biological diversity of plants, their number and abundance in natural plant communities. Plants are counted by the transect method. In the course of field research in 2022, the biodiversity, abundance, and abundance of medicinal plants in three regions of Central Russia were assessed. In the Lipetsk Region (the lower reaches of the Chichera River, the valley of the Sukhaya Lubna River), the most notable species of the Ranunculaceae families were identified: Adonis vernalis L. (spring adonis); Rosaceae: Agrimonia eupatoria L. (common agrimony); Filipendula vulgaris Moench (six-petalled meadowsweet). In the Samara region (floodplain of the Sok River) - Rosaceae: Sanguisorba officinalis L. (burnet officinalis); Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L. In the Moscow, Ryazan region (Meshchera) species of families - Rosaceae: Potentilla argentea L. (silver cinquefoil) (Rosaceae), Fragaria vesca L. (wild strawberry), Potentilla erecta L. (upright cinquefoil), Comarum palustre L. (marsh cinquefoil); Onagraceae: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. (fireweed narrow-leaved); Asteraceae: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.; Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana officinalis L. (valerian officinalis); Hypericaceae: Hypericum maculatum L. (St. John’s wort); Equisetaceae: Equisetum arvense L. (horsetail); Lamiaceae: Stachys palustris L. (marsh weed); Primulaceae: Lysimachia vulgaris L. (common loosestrife). A total of 65 species of medicinal plants have been identified. Species with a noticeable abundance are characterized as a source of a certain group of chemical compounds. To assess the potential of the raw material base of medicinal plants and to search for new plant sources of biologically active substances, it is necessary to monitor and account for the biological diversity of plants, their size and abundance in natural plant communities. Accounting of plants is carried out by the transect method. In the course of field research 2022 year, the biodiversity, size and abundance of medicinal plants in three regions of Central Russia were evaluated. In the Lipetsk region (the lower reaches of the Chicher River, the valley of the Sukhaya Lubna River), the most notable species were identified - Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L.; Rosaceae: Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Filipendula vulgaris Moench. In the Samara region (floodplain of the Sok river) - Rosaceae: Sanguisorba officinalis L.; Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Ranunculaceae: Adonis vernalis L. In the Moscow, Ryazan regions (Meschera) - Rosaceae: Potentilla argentea L., Fragaria vesca L., Potentilla erecta L., Comarum palustre L.; Onagraceae: Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.; Asteraceae: Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.; Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana officinalis L.; Hypericaceae: Hypericum maculatum L.; Equisetaceae: Equisetum arvense L.; Lamiaceae: Stachys palustris L.; Primulaceae: Lysimachia vulgaris L. A total of 65 species of medicinal plants have been identified. Species with a noticeable number are characterized as a source of a certain group of chemical compounds.

A comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from aerial organs of meadowsweet (<i>Filipendula Ulmaria</i> (L.) Maxim.) and dropwort (<i>Filipendula Hexapetala</i> Gilib.)

Aim to evaluate the comparative antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extracts from the aerial organs of the meadowsweet and dropwort.
 Material and methods. The objects of the research were the aqueous extracts of the aerial organs of the meadowsweet and dropwort. For the preparation of the extracts we used the raw material harvested in 2021 in the village of Alekseevka, Samara Region. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extracts was determined by the method of two-fold dilution in the MuellerHinton broth.
 Results. According to the results of screening of the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts from the aerial organs of the meadowsweet and dropwort, the significant activity against gram-positive bacteria of S. aureus and B. cereus strains was detected. The studied extracts demonstrated not lower antimicrobial activity than the reference samples of 0.1% alcohol solution of levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and freshly prepared 0.1% benzylpenicillin solution. The results have confirmed the prospects for further study of the aerial organs of the meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.) and dropwort (Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.) as a possible source of biologically active substances with antimicrobial activity.

Sourcing New Ingredients for Organic Cosmetics: Phytochemicals of Filipendula vulgaris Flower Extracts

Plant extracts are well known for their beneficial cosmetic properties based on bioactive phytochemicals with highly demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities as phenolic compounds. This work presents the polyphenolic characterization of different extracts from organically grown Filipendula vulgaris. An ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure is proposed for obtaining ethanolic extracts at the laboratory level, both from dried and fresh plants, to be compared with those obtained by classical flower processing techniques for cosmetic purposes. The individual quantification of target phenolic compounds was carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results revealed the presence of 24 phenolic compounds in the analyzed samples, ranging in concentrations from 0.1 to 71.64 µg g−1. The total phenolic content (TPC) ranging from 1163 to 6114 mg GAE L−1, and the antioxidant activity (AA), from 6 to 52 mmol TRE L−1, were also evaluated. The differences were established between the plant material and extraction technique.

Ecophysiological Parameters of Medicinal Plant Filipendula vulgaris in Diverse Habitat Conditions.

Simple SummaryDropwort (Filipendula vulgaris Moench) is a perennial plant (hemicryptophyte), growing on xerothermic grasslands Festuco-Brometea and changing-wet Molinia meadows in the Eurasian area. Due to the production of active substances, the species is used in folk medicine and phytotherapy. This study includes determining which of the two different habitats occupied by F. vulgaris creates better conditions for its growth and development. Selected physiological parameters of dropwort plants (PSII activity, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide content, and biomass), the occurrence of mycorrhiza, and soil characteristics were investigated. Soil analysis showed a higher content of nutrients in grasslands, and a higher content of heavy metals in meadows. Plants of F. vulgaris growing in the wet meadows achieved a significantly lower mass compared to plants growing in grasslands. The colonization degree of F. vulgaris by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from both stands oscillated around high values; dropwort formed the Arum type of mycorrhiza. A much higher content of chlorophylls was observed in plants from grasslands. F. vulgaris showed different photosynthetic activity depending on the habitat. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, higher activity was found in plants from grasslands, compared to plants from meadows, but in specimens from grasslands, there are symptoms of damage to the PSII system. The analyses carried out showed that better conditions for growth and physiological activity of this species are probably associated with grasslands on a calcareous substrate, although the irradiance stress of excess light is visible, manifested, e.g., by little dysfunction of photosynthetic structures.This study attempts to determine which of the habitats occupied by Filipendula vulgaris creates better conditions for its growth and development. Selected physiological parameters—PSII activity, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide content as well as biomass, the occurrence of mycorrhiza, and soil characteristics—were investigated. Grassland soils had a higher content of macronutrients and a lower concentration of heavy metals. The degree of colonization of F. vulgaris by AMF (Arum type) oscillated around high values in both types of stands. Plants growing on xerothermic grasslands achieved much better fluorescence parameters than those collected from meadows. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of chlorophyll content. The destabilization degree of cell membranes was significantly higher in plants collected in meadows than in grasslands. Biomass analysis showed higher values of these parameters in grassland plants. In the case of the parameters of fluorescence emission, plants growing on grasslands achieved significantly lower values than plants collected from meadows. The analyses carried out showed that better conditions for growth and physiological activity of F. vulgaris are probably associated with grasslands on a calcareous substrate.

Natural aspirin of some members of the Rosaceae and Salicaceae families

White willow Salix alba L., a member of the family Salicaceae is characterized by the presence of phenolic compounds and their glycosides (1.5–11.0 %), such as salicin, salicortin, salireposide, picein, triandrin, syringin, tremulacin, flavonoids (1–4 %) namely luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, quercimeritrin, cosmosin, diosmetin, tannins (8–20 %) i.e. catechins, anthocyanidins, halotanines of organic acids, ascorbic acid. Preparations of white willow bark are used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, analgesic, diuretic, and astringent. The rhizomes with roots of the commonly known dropwort or fern-leaf dropwort are Filipendula vulgaris Moench., member of the family Rosaceae are characterized by phenologicoside gaulterin, the hydrolysis of which produces salicylic aldehyde, tannins (up to 33 %), flavonoids, ascorbic acid, polysaccharides, starch. The herbs and flowers are used as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, vasodilator, gastric, and antiulcer agents. The aim of the work is to determine the composition of the white willow bark Salix alba L. tincture, a member of the willow family Salicaceae, using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and HPLC and to determine the composition of the tincture of the dropwort root Filipendula vulgaris Moench. family Rosaceae. Materials and methods. Raw materials (underground organs) of the dropwort Filipendula vulgaris Moench. and bark of the white willow Salix alba L., which were harvested in July 2020 at the ZSMU research site. Tinctures were prepared according to the production recipe (1:5) (extractant was 70 % ethanol), investigated by the gas chromatograph Agilent 7890B with mass spectrometric detector 5977B. The mass spectra library NIST 14 was used to identify the components. White willow bark tincture (70 % ethyl alcohol extractant) was used to determine the phenolic compounds content and salicylic acid derivatives. The study was performed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) and HPLC MS. Results. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the components of Salix alba L. willow bark tincture was performed by gas-liquid chromatography, 39 components of different classes of biologically active compounds have been identified, among which the 10 components are predominated in quantitative content. The main one was Salicin (39.53 %). The GC analysis of the tincture of the dropwort roots, Filipendula vulgaris Moench., identified 34 components of different groups of biologically active compounds, dominated by 11 components, the main is Ethyl.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside (34.55 %). HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids such as apigenin, and quercetin) and salicylic acid derivatives (glycoside salicin) in the tincture of white willow bark (Salix alba L.). Conclusions. By GC analysis the 39 components in tincture of white willow bark Salix alba L. were identified, 10 components were predominated, the main one was Salicin (39.53 %). The 34 components in the tincture of the dropwort roots, Filipendula vulgaris Moench., were identified, dominated by 11 components, the main was Ethyl.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside (34.55 %). The presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids were apigenin and quercetin) and salicylic acid derivatives (glycoside salicin) was confirmed by HPLC MS in the tincture of white willow bark (Salix alba L.).

A New Dimeric Flavonol Glucoside and Other Flavonoids from the Cytotoxic Methanolic Extract of the Flowers of Filipendula vulgaris Collected in Poland

A New Dimeric Flavonol Glucoside and Other Flavonoids from the Cytotoxic Methanolic Extract of the Flowers of Filipendula vulgaris Collected in Poland

Microbial community from species rich meadow supports plant specialists during meadow restoration

Abstract Soil properties and soil microbial communities can greatly affect plant communities, especially in disturbed ecosystems. However, their relative contribution to the final effect on plants has rarely been assessed. We manipulated the soil microbial community in microcosms by inoculating sterilized soils originating from preserved species‐rich meadow and a restored meadow with a high and low diversity of microbial inoculum (manipulated by the dilution of microbial community extract) from those soils in full factorial manner, yielding eight treatments (2 soil origins × 2 inoculum sources × 2 levels of inoculum diversity). In general, the biomass of plant meadow specialists (Filipendula vulgaris, Phleum phleoides, and Prunella grandiflora) was greater with the preserved meadow inoculum than with the restored meadow inoculum but tended to be greater in the restored meadow soil than in the preserved meadow soil. Two meadow generalists (Festuca rubra and Centaurea jacea) were not significantly affected by soil origin, inoculum source, or inoculum diversity, but the third generalist Plantago media produced greater biomass in the preserved meadow soil than in the restored meadow soil. Total above‐ground biomass was not affected by the treatments, but total below‐ground biomass was greater with microbial inoculum from the preserved meadow than from the restored meadow, and this increase was greater in the restored meadow soil than in the preserved meadow soil. Our results indicate strong responses of the preserved meadow specialists to the soil microbial community, which may explain why they are rare in the meadows that were restored following agricultural use. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Синтаксономическое разнообразие лесных лугов Обь-Инского водораздела в пределах Новосибирской области

Синтаксономическое разнообразие лесных лугов Обь-Инского водораздела в пределах Новосибирской области

Peculiarities herb-bunchgrass steppes of Western Predcaucasia

Relevance. The article presents the materials of the geobotanical examination of the virgin steppes of the Western Predcaucasia. The relevance of the study is due to the modern state of natural grass stand, which is under constant anthropogenic influence.Methods. The research points are located in the southwestern part of the Stavropol Territory and the northeastern part of Karachay-Cherkessia, within the absolute heights of 500–880 m. The description of vegetation and its analysis was carried out on ten accounting sites (10x10 m) according to methods generally accepted in geobotany.Results. It was revealed that in the grass stand the grass familyhas on average 17,5% (its weight fraction is 70–80%). In the formation of grass stand plant associations, the leading role belongs to the dominant sod steppe-grasses: Stipa pulcherrima, Festuca valesiaca, Festuca rupicola, Bothriochloa ischaemum, etc. Legumes (Medicago romanica, Trifolium pratense, Onobrychis arenaria) are the main source of protein for animals, they are diverse and have on average 10,8%, but in weight terms they are inferior to sod steppe-grasses. The flora of the studied steppes is represented by a number of economically valuable plants. These are sod steppe-grasses — the creators of the main feed mass of the steppe. They are also sources of a protein component for animals. But the main source of protein in the steppe grass stands are representatives of the legume family (species Trifolium, Medicago, Onobrychis, etc.). Nectariferous plants (Filipendula vulgaris, Galium ruthenicum, Echium russicum) and drug plants (Adonis vernalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Thymus marschallianus, etc.) are found in the steppe. The spectrum of life cycles of the flora is noteworthy. There is a high percentage of perennials — from 66,7 to 97,8%. This fact indicates that the axes of ecological niches are packed relatively tightly by perennials — persistent competitors of annual plants (more often weeds). Until mid-summer the generative stage of development of wild plant species reaches on average 80%. Their gene pool can be recommended for the restoration of low-productive steppe grass stand, as well as for use in selection work.

Comparative Histochemical analysis of above-ground parts of Filipendula vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria growing in Central Kazakhstan

The histochemical analysis of medicinal plants and raw materials makes it possible to establish the presence of certain groups of active and related substances or products of their metabolism, as well as to study their localization in tissues. The article presents the results of histochemical analysis of leaves, flowers, petioles and stems of Filipendula vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria. These types of plant are used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and bactericidal agent. Our research objective - to determine the peculiarities of the localization features of individual groups of secondary metabolites in the aerial part of meadowsweet and meadowsweet growing in the territory of Central Kazakhstan at the microscopic level. Materials and Methods. Transverse sections of petioles, stem and whole flower; transverse and superficial sections of leaves of Filipendula vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria were fixed in Strauss-Fleming solution, after which histochemical reactions were carried out to locate and identify essential oils, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, polysaccharides and alkaloids. The study of microscopic signs, as well as histochemical tests were carried out according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan using a light microscope Biomed-4. Results and Discussion. The localization of biologically active substances in the studied types of plant raw materials was determined by histochemical methods using light microscopy. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, traces of essential oil, alkaloids and sesquiterpene lactones was established. The absence of polysaccharides in the investigated micropreparations was established. Conclusions. For the first time, the localization of secondary metabolites in the tissues of Filipendula vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria was studied by histochemical tests. The results of histochemical studies can be used to confirm the authenticity, identification and standardization of the aerial parts of Filipendula vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria.

Anatomical structure of the leaf of Filipéndula hexapetala

The study is devoted to the study of the anatomical structure of the leaf blades of Filipendula hexapetala, growing in the middle mountain belt in the territory of the Kamyshanova Polyana nature reserve, Krasnodar Territory, at an altitude of more than 1200 meters above sea level. Six-petaled meadowsweet can be considered as a valuable medicinal, melliferous, fodder and ornamental plant. In the work, the structure of the mesophyll is established and the differences between the upper and lower epidermis are considered, the sizes of the main cells and the relative volumes of the tissues of the plate are determined. All research results are reflected in the anatomical drawings, which are presented in the work. A feature of the blades is the presence of both signs of leaves of scyophyte plants and signs of leaf blades of heliophyte plants. The research results can be used in further studies of the genus Filipendula in the field of botany, physiology, and ecological anatomy of plants.

Солтүстік Тянь-Шань табиғи флорасындағы Rosaceae Juss. тұқымдасының дəрілік өсімдіктерін жерсіндіру

Rosaceae Juss. family have more cosmopolitan plants growing in many parts of the globe. Apart from food and decorative plants, there are also medicinal plant species. Increasing the potential of the use of medicinal plants currently represents one of the top-priority objectives that requires a comprehensive study of plants in isolation from natural flora, growing and preserving the species. The article focuses on Kazakhstani plant species of the Rosaceae Juss. family, and specifics of their growth and distribution. Endangered species, as reported in the literature and online sources, are briefly described. Also, the specifics of introducing 30 plant species of family Rosaceae Juss. from global and Kazakhstan flora in the Main Botanic Garden of Almaty are described, introduction parameters (phenological observation and seed quality parameters) are analyzed for 7 medicinal plant species (Agrimonia asiatica Juz., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Filipendula vulgaris Moench, Potentilla argentea L., Potentilla recta L., Fragaria vesca L., and Fragaria viridis (Duch.) Weston) are introduced from the Northern Tien Shan flora, and a brief summary of the introduction details obtained on the basis of the successful introduction index is provided.

Chemical Variation, Antimicrobial, Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activities and Tyrosinase Inhibition of Essential Oils and Solvent Extracts from Filipendula vulgaris Moench Growing in Turkey.

Volatile organic compositions of the essential oils (EOs), solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and SPME of n-hexane extracts from the flower and stem-leaf of Filipendula vulgaris (F. vulgaris) were analyzed by GC-FID/MS. A total of 107 constituents were characterized, flower and stem-leaf parts of the plant were found to contain different volatile organic compounds. Tricosane (29.6%), n-nonanal (20.5%) were identified as the main components in the essential oil of the flower, while phytol (35.2%) was found to be a major constituent in the essential oil of stem-leaf. Benzaldehyde (56.0%) and n-nonanal (31.6%) were the major groups in the SPME of stem-leaf and flower, respectively. The volatiles for the SPME of n-hexane extracts of the flower and stem-leaf of F. vulgaris were predominated by aromatic compounds (75.0% and 78.5%) and ketones (18.1% and 10.1%), respectively. On the other hand, a total of terpene compounds was found at the most in the EO of the stem-leaf part of the plant (48.6%). In addition, antimicrobial, tyrosinase inhibition, and nitric oxide scavenging activities of the n-hexane (H), methanol (M), aqueous extracts (A) and EOs of F. vulgaris were investigated. EOs and methanol extracts of flower and stem-leaf had high antimicrobial activity against tested various microorganisms. However, n-hexane extracts of the flower and stem-leaf only displayed activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Methanol extracts of flower and stem-leaf possessed the best tyrosine inhibition and NO scavenging activity.

Allelopathic influence of medicinal plant Filipendula vulgaris Moench on germination process

The allelopathic potential of medicinal plant Filipendula vulgaris Moench, originated from two natural habitats: calcareous grasslands and humid meadows, was investigated using radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers.) as a model plant. Suppression influence of aqueous extracts at concentrations: 1%, 5%, 10%, obtained separately from under and aboveground parts of the species, was studied testing germination capacity, biomass and biometry of seedling, and electrolyte leakage. Additionally, two cultivars of the radish were used to test the sensitivity of frequently used plant in the laboratory tests. This study revealed the inhibiting effect of high concentration aqueous extracts from F. vulgaris organs on the germination of radish. It was significant for seed vigour index, speed emergence, germination stress tolerance index, and mean germination time. However, the stimulating effect of 1% of aqueous extracts from dropwort roots and shoots on the germination indexes was documented. Similarly, low concentration extracts had a positive effect on seedling elongation which was visible in biometric analyses and inhibition percentage index but it was not so obvious in the biomass analyses. In general, the aboveground extracts from dropwort grown on calcareous grassland demonstrated higher allelopathic potential than extracts from underground parts and meadow habitat.

Occurrence of the rare plant Sternbergia colchiciflora in an urban environment

In this paper, we report a remarkable population of the rare plant Sternbergia colchiciflora found along a busy road section in the downtown of county seat Veszprém (W-Hungary). The population contains at least 7000 individuals and spreads across fifteen grassy traffic islands. Regarding the position of individuals, their relative distance from the road/sidewalk within the traffic islands differed significantly from a hypothetical uniform distribution, with higher number of individuals situated close to the island edges than expected by chance. Besides this rare bulbous plant, several other dry grassland specialist plant species were also found in these habitat patches, e.g., Astragalus austriacus, Festuca rupicola, Filipendula vulgaris, Muscari neglectum, Petrorhagia saxifraga, Potentilla arenaria, Ranunculus illyricus, Salvia nemorosa, Sanguisorba minor, Teucrium chamaedrys, Thesium linophyllon, Verbascum phoeniceum and Vinca herbacea. The origin of these dry grassland plants in this highly disturbed urban environment is uncertain; possibly, they were introduced ca. 15 years ago in the course of earthworks during the construction of the road. Recent management (frequent and motorized lawn mowing) seems to favor the Sternbergia colchiciflora, while the habitat is currently not directly threatened. Unfortunately, the potential for local conservation appears to be highly limited.

СОСНОВЫЕ ЛЕСА КЛАССА ERICO-PINETEA HORVAT 1959 В ДАГЕСТАНЕ (СЕВЕРНЫЙ КАВКАЗ)

The paper represents the results of grass pine forests classification in Dagestan by the Brown-Blanquet method. A number of 68 releves of pine forests (taken from the paper by Abdurakhmanova et al., 2018) were included in two higher categories of vegetation – the boreal forests of the class Vaccinio–Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 and the sub-Mediterranean thermophilous forests of the class Erico–Pinetea Horvat 1959 based on the quantitative classification. Comparative syntaxonomic analysis of the Caucasian communities of the Erico–Pinetea class revealed their high level of floristic originality in comparison with similar forests of southern Europe, Western Asia and Crimea. This corresponds to the unique bioclimatic conditions of Dagestan located on the territory with a clear effect of «rain shadow» from the high mountain ranges of the Greater Caucasus stretching on the way of the western Atlantic moist air masses that result in the high climate continentality. These essential ecological and floristic peculiarities of the grass pine forests of the Eastern Caucasus provided a basis for the description of a new order — Alchemillo sericaceae–Pinetalia sylvestris ord. nova hoc loco representing the extreme eastern part of the Erico–Pinetea class range. The diagnostic species group of the order includes dominantly Eastern-Euxinian, Caucasian endemics and Eurasian xerophilous species: Juniperus oblonga, Alchemilla sericata, Galium valantioides, Peucedanum ruthenicum, Thalictrum foetidum, Rosa elasmacantha, Filipendula vulgaris, Koeleria cristata, as well as diagnostic species of subordinated alliances. The order includes two alliances demonstrating the ecological and floristic differences of Dagestan pine forests due to the thermic factor. The alliance Bupleuro polyphylli–Pinion sylvestris all. nova hoc loco (holotypus of the order) includes grass pine forests with predominance of thermophilous floristic elements. Differential species of the alliance are Astrantia major, Valeriana alliariifolia, Polygonatum verticillatum, Pyrethrum coccineum, Psephellus daghestanicus, Galium rubioides, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Rubus saxatilis, Brachypodium pinnatum, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria viridis, Primula macrocalyx, Anthriscus sylvestris, Amoria ambigua, Bupleurum polyphyllum, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum scoparium, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhodobryum roseum, Climacium dendroides, Abietinella abietina, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Betula litwinowii, B. pendula. Three associations and two non-rank communities were included in the alliance (Carici albae–Pinetum sylvestris Ermakov, Abdurakhmanova, Potapenko 2019 — holotypus of the alliance, Ranunculo caucasicae–Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco, Viburno lanatae–Pinetum sylvestris Ermakov, Abdurakhmanova, Potapenko 2019, community Stachys atherocalyx–Pinus sylvestris, community Centaurea phrygia–Pinus sylvestris). The alliance Onobrichido cornutae–Pinion sylvestris all. nova hoc loco includes unique cryophilous pine forests with predominance of the cushion plants in the gound layer and numerous constant species of Caucasian cryophilous and xerophilous endemics. Diagnostic species of the alliance are Onobrychis cornuta, Festuca woronowii, Gypsophila tenuifolia, Salvia canescens, Rosa elasmacantha, Androsace koso-poljanskii, Galium brachyphyllum, Thymus daghestanicus, Asperula alpina, Anthemis dumetorum, Scutellaria oreophila, Satureja subdentata, Potentilla recta, Teucrium polium, Euphorbia virgate, Scabiosa gumbetica, Astragalus alexandri, A. fissuralis, Seseli alexeenkoi, Pseudomuscari pallens, Rhamnus pallasii, Vincetoxicum funebre, Jurinea ruprechtii, Helianthemum dagestanicum, Stipa caucasica, Centaurea edmondii, Selaginella helvetica, Scorzonera filifolia, Dracocephalum austriacum, Viola somchetica, Oxytropis lanata. At present the alliance is represented by a single association – the Onobrichido cornutae–Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco. The results of the classification have demonstrated a significant level of originality of the Caucasian grass pine forests and a high floristic status of the Caucasus as a one of the important centers of modern phytodiversity.

Biologically Active Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of the Plants from CSBG SB RAS Collection of the Rosaceae Family (I)

The article presents Dara on the content of biologically active compounds (BAC) and the total phenolic antioxidants activity (TPA) evaluated for leaves and inflorescences of eight species from the Rosaceae family: Padus avium, Malus baccata, Alhemilla vulgaris, Potentilla inquinans, Filipendula vulgaris, F. palmata, Sanguisorba officinalis, S. alpina. It was determined that leaves and inflorescences contain flavonols, catechins, tannins, carotenoids, saponins, pectin substances. Usually, woody plants tend to accumulate less BAC and TPA than herbs. The highest level of flavonols and tannins was registered in inflorescences of F. vulgaris (12.25% and 45.02 %). The content of pectin substances was quite high, with the biggest share of protopectins (4.4-10.65%). The maximum quantity of catechins (4.76%) was found in the leaves of F. palmata, saponins – in the inflorescences of M. baccata (20.77%). The highest content of carotenoids was found in the leaves of plants, most notably in P. inquinans (1.00 mg/g). The highest antioxidant activity was recorded for water-ethanol extracts from inflorescences (up to 7.77 mg/g) and leaves (2.11 mg/g) of F. vulgaris and A. vulgaris plants due to increased content of phenolic compounds, in particular flavonols and tannins, compared to the other species.