File System Research Articles

Tele-Trafficking of Virtual Data Storage Obtained from Smart Grid by Replicated Gluster in Syntose Environment

One of the most important developments in the energy industry is the evolution of smart grids, which record minute details of voltage levels, energy usage, and other critical electrical variables through General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)-enabled meters. This phenomenon creates an extensive dataset for the optimization of the grid system. However, the minute-by-minute energy details recorded by GPRS meters are challenging to store and manage in physical storage resources (old techniques lead to a memory shortage). This study investigates using the distributed file system, replicated Gluster, as a reliable storage option for handling and protecting the enormous volumes of data produced by smart grid components. This study performs two essential tasks. (1) The storage of virtual data received from GPRS meters and load flow analysis of SynerGee Electric 4.0 software from the smart grid (we have extracted electrical data from 16 outgoing feeders, distributed lines, in this manuscript). (2) Tele-trafficking is performed to check the performance of replicated Gluster (RG) for virtual data (electrical data received from the smart grid) storage in terms of User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), data flow, and jitter delays. This storage technique provides more opportuni11ty to analyze and perform smart techniques efficiently for future requirement, analysis, and load estimation in smart grids compared to traditional storage methods.

CMSS: A High-Performance Blockchain Storage System with Horizontal Scaling Support

As a decentralized system, blockchain has been widely used in numerous areas and has become a hot topic in both industry and academia. The increasing demand for blockchain causes heavy storage consumption which seriously affects the performance of blockchain, especially in the context of massive volumes of data. To solve these problems, many related systems like sharding and sidechain have been proposed to improve the efficiency and scalability of blockchain. However, in practical deployment scenarios, these systems still have problems, such as low read–write performance, and reorganization and synchronization of ledger data after storage expansion, which cause the storage system’s expansion to become difficult and time-consuming in large-scale blockchain systems. Facing these problems, in this paper we propose ChainMaker Storage System (CMSS). CMSS is a blockchain storage system with high read-and-write performance and horizontal scaling support. It has been used as the storage system of the most popular permissioned blockchain ChainMaker. There are three contributions of our proposed CMSS: (i) a new block storage workflow to achieve high read–write performance; (ii) the Meta File System (MFS) to support the horizontal expansion of blockchain storage; and (iii) hot–cold separation to reduce the resource usage and economic costs. To evaluate the performance of CMSS, we compare CMSS with Hyperledger Fabric (HLF), the most popular permissioned blockchain platform. We select five well-known cloud service providers to calculate the storage cost in a real production environment. The results show that CMSS has better performance in read and write than HLF and advantages in storage capacity and price.

Robust-DSN: A Hybrid Distributed Replication and Encoding Network Grouped with a Distributed Swarm Workflow Scheduler

In many distributed applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT), large amounts of data are being generated that require robust storage solutions. Traditional cloud solutions, although efficient, often lack trust and transparency because of centralized management. To address these issues, we present Robust-DSN, a distributed storage network leveraging the hybrid distributed replication and encoding network (HYDREN) and the distributed swarm workflow scheduler (DSWS) as its main components. Our system uses an interplanetary file system (IPFS) as an underlay storage network and segments it into multiple regions to distribute the failure domain and improve the data’s proximity to users. HYDREN incorporates Reed–Solomon encoding and distributed replication to improve file availability, while DSWS optimizes resource allocation across the network. The uploaded file is encoded into chunks and distributed across distinct optimal nodes leveraging lightweight multithreading. Additionally, Robust-DSN verifies the integrity of all chunks by preserving the hashes when uploading and validating each chunk while downloading. The proposed system provides a comprehensive solution for resilient distributed data storage, focusing on the key challenges of data availability, integrity, and performance. The results reveal that compared with a state-of-the-art system, the proposed system improves file recovery by 15%, even with a 50% peer failure rate. Furthermore, with replication factor 4 and the same failure resilience as IPFS, it saves 50% storage and enhances file recovery by 8%. Robust-DSN acts as a distributed storage platform for emerging technologies, expanding storage system capabilities in a wide range of distributed applications.

A Usable Encryption Solution for File-Based Geospatial Data within a Database File System

Developing a security solution for spatial files within today’s enterprise Geographical Information System (GIS) that is also usable presents a multifaceted challenge. These files exist in “data silos” of different file server types, resulting in limited collaboration and increased vulnerability. While cloud-based data storage offers many benefits, the associated security concerns have limited its uptake in GIS, making it crucial to explore comparable alternative security solutions that can be deployed on-premise and are also usable. This paper introduces a reasonably usable security solution for spatial files within collaborative enterprise GIS. We explore a Database File System (DBFS) as a potential repository to consolidate and manage spatial files based on its enterprise document management capabilities and security features inherited from the underlying legacy DBMS. These files are protected using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with practical encryption times of 8 MB per second. The final part focuses on an automated encryption solution with schemes for single- and multi-user files that is compatible with various GIS programs and protocol services. Usability testing is carried out to assess the solution’s usability and focuses on effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction, with the results demonstrating its usability based on the minimal changes it makes to how users work in a collaborative enterprise GIS environment. The solution furnishes a viable means for consolidating and protecting spatial files with various formats at the storage layer within enterprise GIS.

Evidence Vault

Ensuring the integrity of evidence is paramount within the realm of digital forensics. The preservation of evidence gathered at a crime scene is essential for concluding investigations and delivering justice to those involved. Hence, it is imperative to safeguard this evidence from any form of tampering. The process that upholds the reliability of evidence is known as the "chain of custody." Failure to maintain the chain of custody can render the evidence inadmissible in court, potentially resulting in the dismissal of the case. To address these challenges and promote an eco-friendly approach, there is a need to modernize the forensic evidence protection system through digitalization. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution in this regard. Blockchains are decentralized digital ledgers that chronologically record transactions through cryptographic signatures. These transactions are organized into blocks and are accessible to all participants within the blockchain network. In conjunction with this, the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) serves as a network file system that complements the blockchain. The current research aims to develop a system that leverages blockchain technology to digitize the forensic evidence protection system while preserving the chain of custody. This approach is rooted in the principles of blockchain and the utilization of IPFS. Keywords: Evidence, Blockchain Technology, Digital Forensics, Chain of Custody, IPFS, Cryptography.

Survey on MapReduce Scheduler Algorithms in Hadoop Framework

Hadoop serves as a robust framework tailored for the storage and processing of vast data volumes across clusters. Its foundation lies in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for data storage, complemented by the MapReduce paradigm for data processing. MapReduce, functioning as a parallel computing framework, operates adeptly on distributed clusters to manage large-scale data processing tasks. Within this framework, scheduling emerges as a pivotal aspect, influencing the overall system's performance and efficiency. The essence of scheduling in MapReduce lies in enhancing performance, minimizing response times, and optimizing resource allocation. This paper undertakes a systematic exploration of existing scheduling algorithms, offering a fresh classification and detailed examination of each category. Furthermore, the analysis delves into the core principles, objectives, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these scheduling algorithms.

KYC using Smart Contract over Blockchain

Know Your Customer (KYC) is a requirement for financial institutions to use identity, qualification and risk to identify customers when establishing a banking relationship. With the focus on security, the KYC process has become difficult and costly to complete for any customer. In this article, we propose a convenient, instant, secure and transparent banking system KYC certification platform through Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) and block-chain technology. The system allows customers to open an account at any bank, complete the KYC process there, generate hashes using the IPFS network, and distribute them to other banks using the legacy urine of block-chain technology. Using a private key, all banks/financial institutions can use the IPFS network to securely store and store customer information (e.g. KYC) if the customer wants to open another account with that bank/financial institution. Additionally, leveraging block-chain technology ensures immutability and transparency of KYC information, thereby increasing security and reducing the risk of fraud or misuse of information. Storing hashed KYC data on the IPFS network ensures that important customer data remains transparent and accessible only to authorized users, thus maintaining confidentiality and compliance with data protection laws. In addition, the processes that this new system can easily adjust will increase efficiency in the banking sector, allowing companies to allocate resources more efficiently and focus on providing better customer service. By sharing KYC credentials across multiple banks, customers benefit from a quicker and faster account opening process; When banks come voluntarily, it builds trust and reduces the risks associated with new customers. Overall, the integration of block-chain and IPFS technology into the KYC process should transform the banking industry by providing efficient, secure and transparent solutions that enable customer satisfaction and compliance.

Fastmove: A Comprehensive Study of On-Chip DMA and its Demonstration for Accelerating Data Movement in NVM-based Storage Systems

Data-intensive applications executing on NVM-based storage systems experience serious bottlenecks when moving data between DRAM and NVM. We advocate for the use of the long-existing but recently neglected on-chip DMA to expedite data movement with three contributions. First, we explore new latency-oriented optimization directions, driven by a comprehensive DMA study, to design a high-performance DMA module, which significantly lowers the I/O size threshold to observe benefits. Second, we propose a new data movement engine, Fastmove , that coordinates the use of the DMA along with the CPU with DDIO-aware strategies, judicious scheduling and load splitting such that the DMA’s limitations are compensated, and the overall gains are maximized. Finally, with a general kernel-based design, simple APIs, and DAX file system integration, Fastmove allows applications to transparently exploit the DMA and its new features without code change. We run three data-intensive applications MySQL, GraphWalker, and Filebench atop NOVA , ext4-DAX , and XFS-DAX , with standard benchmarks like TPC-C, and popular graph algorithms like PageRank. Across single- and multi-socket settings, compared to the conventional CPU-only NVM accesses, Fastmove introduces to TPC-C with MySQL 1.13-2.16 × speedups of peak throughput, reduces the average latency by 17.7-60.8%, and saves 37.1-68.9% CPU usage spent in data movement. It also shortens the execution time of graph algorithms with GraphWalker by 39.7-53.4%, and introduces 1.01-1.48 × throughput speedups for Filebench.

Otomatisasi Pemberkasan Arsip Aktif Elektronik Pada Aplikasi Layanan Administrasi Mahasiswa

Business information systems, namely electronic-based service applications usually don't automatically provide active archive filing features for electronic records generated from the business information system. Electronic Records are information contained in electronic files and media, which are created, received, or maintained by organizations or individuals and store them as evidence of activities. Like conventional records, electronic records that are created must be filed systematically and logically according to the context of their activities so that they become one file that has information relationships, similar types or similar problems. Student academic administration services at FMIPA IPB produce "born electronic" records. This study aims to design file automation on all electronic records created in the online academic administration service of FMIPA IPB students. The data collection method uses a literature study model, literature and interviews. The design technique of the electronic records filing system uses a waterfall model, while the system testing technique uses the black box technique. The results of the study produced an electronic records filing automation feature in the academic administration service FMIPA IPB so that it can assist organizations in filing electronic records in the academic section and automation of providing the list of active records.

Cleaning efficacy and debris extrusion of supplementary file systems XP-endo Finisher and XP-endo Finisher R in endodontic retreatment

Aim: To evaluate cleaning efficacy and debris extrusion of supplementary file systems XP Endo Finisher (XPEF) and XP Endo Finisher R (XPEFR) in endodontic retreatment. Materials and Methods: Thirty single-rooted teeth with single canals were selected, canal preparation done till file #30 6% and obturation completed using lateral condensation technique with AH Plus sealer. The samples were stored at 37°C in a 100% humidity incubator for 7 days. The samples were distributed across the three groups according to the method of retreatment (n = 10): Group I: Neo Endo retreatment (NER) files, Group II: NER files + XPEF, and Group III: NER files + XPEFR. Removal of gutta percha using each file system according to the distributed groups was performed. The extruded debris was collected in an Eppendorf tube, dried in a hot air oven, and weighed. Teeth were sliced longitudinally using carborundum discs. Coronal, middle, and apical thirds were assessed for cleaning efficacy under a stereomicroscope. Results were tabulated and subjected to the statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test followed by post hoc turkey HSD test. All statistical tests were carried out at significance level P < 0.05. Results: It was seen that Group II (NER files + XPEF) exhibited better cleaning efficacy than Group III (NER files + XPEFR), although the results were not statistically significant. Greater debris extrusion was seen with Group III when compared to Group II. Conclusion: Supplementary files XPEF/XPEFR enhance the cleaning efficacy in endodontic retreatment, but the debris extrusion of XPEFR is more than XPEF.

An effective secondary personalization file system driven by FileForge module

Digital service platforms provided by academic support departments in Macao assist academic staff and students in various areas such as registry, student affairs, academic activities, and research. As the number of undergraduate students increases and new departments are established, academic staff often face the challenge of dealing with paperwork that contains similar content but different formats. This situation results in redundancies and a waste of time. This paper presents our endeavors to simplify administrative procedures in higher education by automating restructured documentation and developing secondary file systems. The paper presents two case studies: Scenario One focuses on streamlining the publication system for academic staff who submit papers in different formats. At the same time, Scenario Two aims to simplify the daily paperwork process for academic staff. Both cases involve transforming the distribution of administrative documents, transitioning from a standardized form with guidelines to a customized form with concise tips. This approach allows academic staff to handle only the necessary information, which may not be available in the database or requires verification. The case studies serve to demonstrate the effectiveness of this administrative simplification.

CEIU: Consistent and Efficient Incremental Update mechanism for mobile systems on flash storage

The ever-growing sizes and frequent updating of mobile applications cause high network and storage cost for updating. Hence, emerging mobile systems often employ incremental update algorithms, typically HDiffPatch, to upgrade mobile applications. However, we find that existing incremental update algorithms not only generate a significant amount of redundant data accesses, but also lacks of consistency guarantees for the whole package of application. In this paper, we present a novel Consistent and Efficient Incremental Update (CEIU) mechanism for upgrading mobile applications. Firstly, CEIU reduces the memory consumption and file access of incremental updates by reusing the indexes of blocks in the old image rather than copying the blocks. Secondly, CEIU employs a two-level journaling mechanism to ensure the consistency of the whole package and subfiles of the new image. We implement the proposed mechanism in Linux kernel based on TI-LFAT file system and evaluate it with real-world applications. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce 30%–80% memory footprints in comparison with HDiffPatch, the state-of-the-art incremental update algorithm. It also significantly reduces the recovery time when power failure or system crash occurs.

Comparative evaluations on the canal-centering ability of novel heat-treated retreatment file system using nano-computed tomography

Abstract Introduction: The main goal of instrumentation during retreatment is to maintain the original curvature of the canal during retrieval of gutta-percha. The present study evaluates the canal-centering ability of two different retreatment file systems. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were decoronated and obturated at the standardized root length of 16 mm. Samples were divided into two groups of each 20 single root teeth and they were instrumented using Solite RS3 Retreatment and ProTaper Retreatment files, respectively. Both pre- and postoperative nano-computed tomography scans were taken, and three-dimensional reconstruction was done for analysis. Sections of both the pre- and postoperative samples were taken at 7 mm, 5 mm, and 3 mm from the apex to calculate the canal-centering ratio. Independent t-test was used for statistical analysis between the two groups. Results: Solite RS3 retreatment files showed a significant difference at the 3 levels (P < 0.000) compared to ProTaper retreatment files. Conclusion: From the above results, we can conclude that Solite RS3 caused minimal canal transportation and produced a relatively centered preparation in comparison to the ProTaper Retreatment system.

Blockchain based Decentralized Storage System

Abstract: This research introduces a novel decentralized storage system implemented through the integration of blockchain technology. The system is manifested in the form of a website developed using React.js, tailwindcss, and MySQL as the backend database, complemented by the Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) for the secure storage of diverse document formats such as .pdf, .jpg, and .png. Users can securely manage their documents within their respective accounts on the platform. One of the primary features of the system is the ability for users to securely request access to specific documents from other users via the blockchain. This mechanism ensures a transparent and tamper-resistant transaction process, bolstering the security and integrity of document sharing. Additionally, users can seamlessly store their own documents within their personalized accounts, enhancing the platform's user-centric functionality. The utilization of React.js and tailwindcss ensures an interactive and visually appealing user interface, contributing to an enhanced user experience. The backend infrastructure, supported by MySQL, provides a robust and scalable foundation for efficient data management. This research contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive solution that addresses the challenges associated with centralized storage systems. The decentralized architecture, coupled with blockchain-based access control, not only enhances security but also promotes transparency and accountability in document management.

Design and Implementation of Deduplication on F2FS

Data deduplication technology has gained popularity in modern file systems due to its ability to eliminate redundant writes and improve storage space efficiency. In recent years, the flash-friendly file system (F2FS) has been widely adopted in flash memory based storage devices, including smartphones, fast-speed servers and Internet of Things. In this paper, we propose F2DFS (deduplication-based F2FS), which introduces three main design contributions. First, F2DFS integrates inline and offline hybrid deduplication. Inline deduplication eliminates redundant writes and enhances flash device endurance, while offline deduplication mitigates the negative I/O performance impact and saves more storage space. Second, F2DFS follows the file system coupling design principle, effectively leveraging the potentials and benefits of both deduplication and native F2FS. Also, with the aid of this principle, F2DFS achieves high-performance and space-efficient incremental deduplication. Third, F2DFS adopts virtual indexing to mitigate deduplication-induced many-to-one mapping updates during the segment cleaning. We conducted comprehensive experimental comparisons between F2DFS, native F2FS, and other state-of-the-art deduplication schemes, using both synthetic and real-world workloads. For inline deduplication, F2DFS outperforms SmartDedup, Dmdedup, and ZFS, in terms of both I/O bandwidth performance and deduplication rates. And for offline deduplication, compared to SmartDedup, XFS and BtrFS, F2DFS shows higher execution efficiency, lower resource usage and greater storage space savings. Moreover, F2DFS demonstrates more efficient segment cleanings than native F2FS.

DEVS: Secure and optimal decentralized energy trading scheme for Electric Vehicle and Charging Station using game theory

SummaryWith the advent and popularity of electric vehicles (EVs), the intelligent transportation system has adopted them as an alternative to fossil fuel or gasoline vehicles owing to their benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, it becomes critical to schedule the vast EVs at the charging station (CS) efficiently while maintaining security, privacy, and optimality during the energy trading. Therefore, we propose a blockchain and zero‐sum game theory‐based energy trading scheme, that is, DEVS, for optimal and secure EV charging at the CS. We incorporate the Interplanetary File System with the blockchain to ameliorate the cost‐efficiency and reliability of EV energy trading. Furthermore, we implement the zero‐sum game theory between players EV and CS to yield an optimal payoff based on pure and mixed strategies during the energy trading procedure. Moreover, we deploy and execute the smart contract (SC) of the blockchain‐based proposed DEVS scheme in the Remix integrated development environment to secure EV energy trading transactions. Additionally, the security of the proposed DEVS scheme is checked and analyzed using a fuzzing‐based Echidna tool for protected energy trading. Finally, the performance evaluation of the proposed DEVS scheme is analyzed using various standard metrics such as profit comparison based on strategies, energy price comparison, CS profit comparison for pure strategy (based on arrival time), convergence comparison, and profit (EV and CS) at saddle point and mixed strategy to avail preserved and optimal energy trading for EVs.

A Survey on Content Retrieval on the Decentralised Web

The control, governance, and management of the web have become increasingly centralised, resulting in security, privacy, and censorship concerns. Decentralised initiatives have emerged to address these issues, beginning with decentralised file systems. These systems have gained popularity, with major platforms serving millions of content requests daily. Complementing the file systems are decentralised search engines and name-registry infrastructures, together forming the basis of a decentralised web . This survey article analyses research trends and emerging technologies for content retrieval on the decentralised web, encompassing both academic literature and industrial projects. Several challenges hinder the realisation of a fully decentralised web. Achieving comparable performance to centralised systems without compromising decentralisation is a key challenge. Hybrid infrastructures, blending centralised components with verifiability mechanisms, show promise to improve decentralised initiatives. While decentralised file systems have seen more mature deployments, they still face challenges such as usability, performance, privacy, and content moderation. Integrating these systems with decentralised name-registries offers a potential for improved usability with human-readable and persistent names for content. Further research is needed to address security concerns in decentralised name-registries and enhance governance and crypto-economic incentive mechanisms.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ASTRA LINUX

The features of the Astra Linux operating system developed by based on the kernel of the Linux operating system as part of the implementation of the state program on the creation and use of free software with a license for free copying and installation for an unlimited number of users, including the structure of the architecture of the Linux operating system, characteristics of its kernel, features of file and graphic systems, as well as office software packages Star Office and K Office. Distributions of the Astra Linux operating system are described, which are used as part of the implementation of the plan for the transition of federal budgetary institutions to the use of free software. The proprietary graphical system (Astra Linux user shell) Fly, which is conceptually a mixture of Windows and KDE graphical environments, is examined in detail. The features of different versions of the «MyOffice» office software package are considered, including a text editor, a spreadsheet processor, a presentation program, a server, and a data storage system and client applications.

A distributed data processing scheme based on Hadoop for synchrotron radiation experiments.

With the development of synchrotron radiation sources and high-frame-rate detectors, the amount of experimental data collected at synchrotron radiation beamlines has increased exponentially. As a result, data processing for synchrotron radiation experiments has entered the era of big data. It is becoming increasingly important for beamlines to have the capability to process large-scale data in parallel to keep up with the rapid growth of data. Currently, there is no set of data processing solutions based on the big data technology framework for beamlines. Apache Hadoop is a widely used distributed system architecture for solving the problem of massive data storage and computation. This paper presents a set of distributed data processing schemes for beamlines with experimental data using Hadoop. The Hadoop Distributed File System is utilized as the distributed file storage system, and Hadoop YARN serves as the resource scheduler for the distributed computing cluster. A distributed data processing pipeline that can carry out massively parallel computation is designed and developed using Hadoop Spark. The entire data processing platform adopts a distributed microservice architecture, which makes the system easy to expand, reduces module coupling and improves reliability.

Implementation of Smart KYC using Blockchain

The know your customer or know your client (KYC) is a guideline for the banking system to validate a customer using identity, appropriateness, risk assessment in establishing a banking relationship. With the growing concern of security, the KYC process is complex and involves a high cost for completing for a single customer. In this work, we propose an economical, swift, secure, and transparent platform for KYC document verification for the Banking system through InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and blockchain technology. The proposed system allows a customer to open an account at one Bank, complete the KYC process there, and generate a hash value using the IPFS network and share it using the blockchain technique. Upon receiving the private key, any Bank/financial organization can retrieve, store customer data (i.e., KYC) securely using IPFS network if the customer wishes to open another account in that Bank/financial organization. The proposed system can save time, money, and repetitive work during the KYC process when someone tries to open an account at multiple Banks