Fila Research Articles

Distinct presence of the tight junction protein claudin-3 in olfactory bulb and fila olfactoria of the mouse.

The tight junction protein claudin-3 is overexpressed in diverse epithelial tumours and is associated with increased survival, progression and motility of tumour cells. Claudin-3 expression profiles are being increasingly used for diagnostic and prognostic tumour classification. Claudin-3 has been identified as a receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, which is under consideration for selective lysis of claudin-3-expressing tumours, particularly brain metastases, and other translational medicine uses. However, the localization of claudin-3 in the brain has not been completely elucidated. While claudin-3 in brain tissue adjacent to claudin-3-expressing metastases had been excluded and low or undetectable levels proposed in the CNS, under physiological conditions, in adult human, rat and mouse brains, claudin-3 was exclusively found in choroid plexus epithelium where it is considered an integral component of the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier. We report here the pronounced presence of claudin-3 not only in the nasal region (as described for rat), but also in the mouse olfactory bulb and nerve using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Claudin-3 was present in the fila olfactoria from the epithelium to the olfactory nerve and in the main and accessory olfactory bulb. We propose that the abundant presence of claudin-3 in the olfactory system, particularly in nerve fibres and the olfactory bulb cone, which we present here, may play a role at the interface of the central and peripheral nervous system, both as barrier and for axonal growth and communication. Thus, claudin-3 should be considered and further explored with regards to treatment approaches addressing the olfactory bulb and nasal region.

Filum terminale and ependymoma

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of filum terminale externum ependymoma,the ultrastructure of filum terminale externum will be studied on.Method Ten fila from normal fetuses were removed,the transverse and longitudinal sections were respectively submitted for light and electron microscopy analysis.Results Filum terminale externum from normal fetuses mainly composed of fibrous tissue,calcification and ganglion cells.No ependymal cells were found.Conclusions There is no ependymal cell within filum terminale;sacral ependymoma probably originated in ectopic ependymal cells. Key words: Filum terminale; Ependymoma; Structure

Study on the morphology and ultrastructure of fetus filum terminale

Objective The filum terminale(FT) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS). The study on morphology and ultrastructure of fetus FT can provide reference standard for diagnosis of TCS . Method Eleven fresh human aborted fila fetuses had been measured and removed. Transversal and longitudinal sections of the middle, and distal thirds of FT were submitted to light microscopy analysis with four different techniques. Four ilia were selected for longitudinal and transversal scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results The bulk of the FT was composed of 1 μm to 5 μm thick spring like longitudinal bundles of collagen separated by 5 μm to 30 μm layer intervals and 1 μm to 5 μm intervals in the layer, although a small quantity of capillaries and other elements may be present. A delicate (0.13 μm) meshwork of collagen transversal fibers connects these bundles and fibers in every bundle. Collagen bundles could also be found between layers and bundles. Abundant longitudinally oriented elastic fibers were found inside or between collagen bundles. A complex tridimensional structure was evidenced on electron microscopy. Conclusions A complex tridimensional structure composed by ordered arrangement of spring like fibers and small quantity of capillaries should elicit considerable elastic properties to the FT. It's alternation of structure and element maybe involved closely in TCS. Key words: Filum terminale, fetus; Tethered cord syndrome; Anatomy

MINIMIZAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS DE TRANSPORTES RODOVIÁRIO FLORESTAL COM O USO DA PROGRAMAÇÃO LINEAR E OTIMIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO

Este trabalho tratou da minimização dos custos do transporte rodoviário florestal, através da programação linear inteira e otimização dos tempos de ciclo de transporte. Após a obtenção dos dados de uma empresa florestal, foram elaborados três cenários, quais sejam: Cenário I: levantamento do quadro atual da empresa, como subsídio comparativo após a racionalização e otimização das etapas que mais consomem tempo do ciclo; Cenário II: realizada em função do uso da programação linear, juntamente com a racionalização dos tempos de fila de espera para carga e descarga; Cenário III: além da programação linear e racionalização dos tempos de espera em fila, utilizou-se, paralelamente, uma otimização do tempo de carga e uma elevação da velocidade de transporte. Os resultados mostraram-se significativos, onde a racionalização e a otimização contribuíram para a redução no número de caminhões e do custo total, traduzindo-se em aumentos na produção dos veículos, na receita bruta e líquida dos freteiros. Cost Minimization of Forest Road Transport by Using the Integer Linear Program and Transport Cycle Time Optimization Abstract This study was about the decreasent of the costs of forest road transport, using the integer linear program and transport cycle time optimization. After obtaining all of the costs, consumed time and the current company picture, a total of three evaluations were done and are described below in settings. Setting I: The current company picture data was calculated as a comparative subsidy following the racionalization and optimization stages that are more time-consuming in the transport cycle. Setting II: This evaluation was done in terms of linear programation use, together with the loading and unloading waiting in line time racionalization. Setting III: In this evaluation, besides the linear programation use and waiting in line time racionalization, it was simultaneously used a time optimization and a foster transport speed. The acquired results were very meaningful, while the racionalization and optimization happened, the trucks rate and total cost successively decreased, resulting in better vehicles performance, and consequently, an increase in the gross and net drivers’ income. Even though there was a costs decrease and an outsiders’ income increase, wich was not enough to pay their total costs, that is, only the variable ones were totally paid and part of the outsiders’ fixed cost.