Field Of Security Research Articles

ORGANISATIONS AS AN OBJECT OF THE SYSTEM OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PROVISION OF FOOD SECURITY

The article is devoted to the study of topicality of agricultural and other organisations of the agro-industrial complex to the objects of the system of administrative and legal provision of food security. The purpose of the article is to build a theoretical structure that ensures the inclusion of organisations among security facilities in general and the system of administrative and legal provision of food security in particular, as well as to develop proposals for improving strategic planning documents in this area. The idea of belonging of organisations of the agro-industrial complex to subobjects of food security as part of a more general object – society is formulated. The expediency of correcting strategic planning in the field of food security is justified by means of a special clarification in the relevant doctrine of the list of security facilities to which the individual, society and the state should be attributed. It is proposed to identify agricultural and other organisations related to the agro-industrial complex in the structure of society in this doctrine as a sub-object, which will contribute to an accentuated, including administrative and legal, impact of the state on improving the efficiency of their functioning.

Example of of fuzzy ontology usage for risk assessment and attack impact

The article discusses the use of fuzzy ontology for assessing risks and impacts of attacks in the field of information security. Fuzzy ontology, which is a formalized way of representing knowledge, offers effective solutions for processing complex and informal processes. The article substantiates the significance of fuzzy logic in structural analysis and presents an example of how new types of attacks influence the ontology. Key findings include the identification of risks associated with attacks through the application of fuzzy sets and entropy theory. The discussion highlights how these methods can enhance threat response and risk management in information systems.

Africa in British Security Strategy after Brexit: Risks, Instruments, Prospects

The UK after withdrawal from the EU and guided by the ideas of “Global Britain”, proclaimed itself a leading state with global interests. The rationale behind it is not only to declare ambitions, but practically implement them, taking into consideration security challenges on national, regional and global levels. Africa plays an ambiguous role in this configuration which affects both security in the UK (migration and the activities of British companies). In addition, the risks associated with competition in Africa directly affect the UK prospects in the region and its position in the world. It is not surprising that Britain plans to strengthen its presence in Africa through interaction with African countries in the field of security. Based on strategic documents dedicated to security British experts’ discussions, the role of Africa in British international strategy is analyzed. The author concludes that despite the significant efforts, the UK tools are seriously limited by their own allies in Africa, not to mention China and Russia. It is argued that currently UK just initiated its return to Africa. At the same time, the emphasis in further advancement in Africa will no longer be made by the British on military cooperation, which will continue with a minimum number of countries (Kenya, Nigeria), but rather on financial and investment instruments, as well as programs related to “soft power” still related to security issues.

Germany’s Initiatives in the Sahel in the Framework of the Niger Events

The article is devoted to the study of targeted initiatives of Germany in one of the most priority regions for European countries – the Sahara-Sahel region. The relevance of the research topic is determined by events related to anti-French and generally anti-European sentiments in such countries as Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. The events in Niger provoked the withdrawal of French forces from the country. Against this background, Germany is trying to pursue a chance to strengthen its military presence in the country by maintaining a military base, as well as through social, investment and humanitarian projects. The author analyzes the events of 2023 that occurred in Niger and compares them with the behavioral model of Germany, explaining the causal relationships between the actions and interests of the country in the region. An analysis of the statements of German officials regarding the situation in the region makes it possible to determine what tasks Germany faces as a separate state and as one of the driving forces of the European Union. Conclusions are drawn regarding Germany’s current priorities, its competitive opportunities in the field of security, investments and humanitarian projects, as well as possible scenarios for the development of the situation in the region, taking into account German activity.

State policy of Peru in the field of human security

State policy of Peru in the field of human security

Cyber security of unmanned aviation complexes and features of protection against interception.

The article considers the key aspects of cyber security of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in the conditions of modern military conflicts and technological progress, unmanned systems have become important tools for gathering information, conducting intelligence and performing combat missions. However, their widespread use is accompanied by new cyber threats that require specialized measures to ensure security. The article analyzes the main types of cyberthreats that can affect UAS, including the interception of communications, unauthorized access to management systems and the breaking of cryptographic protections. The article also discusses modern protection methods and technologies, such as cryptographic algorithms, authentication mechanisms and data encryption. In addition, existing standards and practical solutions to ensure the protection of communication channels are analyzed. The last part of the article is devoted to the latest trends in the field of cyber security of UAS and forecasting future threats. Possible solutions and approaches for improving the protection of unmanned systems in the rapidly changing cyber environment are considered, as well as recommendations are provided for improving the security systems of UAS, which include the integration of new technologies and adaptation to new threats

Evolution and Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Advanced Defense Strategies in Cybersecurity

This article presents a detailed analysis of the use of AI in various aspects of cybersecurity, from training, threat detection and response, through identity and access management, to future directions and inherent challenges. It examines how this technology is transforming the field of digital security. The aim is not only to present the opportunities offered by AI, but also to draw attention to the need for a conscious and responsible approach to its implementation and exploitation.

Single inertial neuron with forced bipolar pulse: chaotic dynamics, circuit implementation, and color image encryption

Abstract The bipolar pulse current can effectively mimic the external time-varying stimulus of neurons, and its effect of neuronal dynamics has rarely been reported. To this end, this paper reports the effects of bipolar pulses on a two-dimensional single inertial neuron model, showcasing the chaotic dynamics of hidden attractors and coexisting symmetric attractors, which is of significant importance for understanding the complex behaviors of neuron dynamics under time-varying external stimuli and its application. Firstly, the mathematical model of the single intertial neuron model with forced bipolar pulse is presented, and then the equilibrium states behaving as unstable saddle point (USP), stable node-focus (SNF), and stable node point (SNP) are analyzed. Additionally, by using multiple dynamical methods including bifurcation plots, basins of attraction, and phase plots, complex dynamics of interesting bifurcation behaviors and coexisting attractors are revealed, which are induced by the forced bipolar pulse current as well as initial values, both. In addition, such effets are well valideted via a simple multiplerless electronic neuron circuit. The implementation circuit of presented model is constructed on the analog level and executed using PSIM circuit platform. The measurement results verified the double-scroll chaotic attractors and the coexisting period/chaos behaviors. Finally, the chaotic sequences of the model are applied to color image encryption for the benefit of requirements on modern security field. The encryption effectiveness is demonstrated through various evaluation indexes, including histogram analysis, information entropy, correlation coefficient, plaintext sensitivity, and resistance to noise attacks.

Federated learning merges with v2x privacy protection

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication systems are poised to revolutionize road safety, traffic efficiency, and driver experience through real-time data exchange among vehicles and infrastructure. However, ensuring the privacy and security of sensitive vehicular data remains a critical challenge. Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a promising paradigm to address these concerns by enabling collaborative model training without centralized data aggregation. This paper explores the integration of FL techniques into V2X environments, where vehicles act as decentralized participants in model training processes. We discuss the unique challenges and opportunities presented by V2X scenarios, such as intermittent connectivity and diverse data distributions across vehicles. Through a detailed review of existing FL methodologies and their adaptation to V2X settings, this paper proposes practical solutions for privacy-preserving model aggregation and efficient learning across dynamic vehicular networks. Case studies and simulation results illustrate the feasibility and benefits of FL in enhancing V2X applications while safeguarding user privacy. This study contributes to the growing field of secure and collaborative machine learning in connected vehicle environments, paving the way for safer and smarter transportation systems.

Military and political security in the Arctic before and amidst the Ukrainian crisis

In the 21st century, the Arctic has rapidly been transforming from a ‘zone of peace and cooperation’ into an arena of interstate rivalry, where the Russia– NATO confrontation is currently playing a pivotal role. These developments determine the growing interest of both the Russian and foreign academic and expert communities in the problems and prospects for regional security. This paper examines the dynamics of military-political situation in the Arctic within the framework of evolution of the Russia–NATO relations. The first section outlines the key military and political security developments in the Arctic before the Ukrainian crisis. The author emphasizes that already at this stage NATO clearly manifested its desire to limit the Russian presence in the region. In the second section the author offers an original periodization of the Russia–NATO relations in the Arctic after 2014 and in so doing identifies three stages. They are all marked by a gradual yet steady escalation of international tension, manifested in the active efforts undertaken by the NATO member states to remilitarize the region and cultivate a narrative about the Russian threat. This course has been reflected in a whole series of alliance’s military exercises, which, as shown in the article, are becoming increasingly extensive and regular year by year. The author concludes that the Ukrainian crisis has only laid bare the true aspirations of the NATO countries seeking to contain Russia in the Far North and refusing to consider its interests and build a constructive dialogue in the field of military and political security. According to the researcher, this circumstance prevents the normalization of relations between Russia and NATO countries in the years to come.

Deep Learning-Based Information Security

Abstract. With the rapid development of network technology, information security is facing increasingly complex challenges. Deep learning technology, due to its strong capabilities in data processing and pattern recognition, has become a key technology to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy in the field of information security. This paper delves into the application of deep learning in various aspects such as malware detection, network intrusion identification, User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA), privacy protection technology, model explainability, and network security vulnerability detection, and proposes deep learning-based information security methods. Through experimental validation, our methods have outperformed traditional machine learning models in multiple evaluation metrics, providing new solutions for the field of information security. In the future, we will continue to explore new applications of deep learning in the field of information security to cope with the ever-changing network security threats.

The pole of the EU in ensuring the energy security of Ukraine

The role of the European Union (EU) in ensuring Ukraine’s energy security in the conditions of modern geopolitical challenges is studied. Since the onset of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine, the country’s energy infrastructure has suffered significant damage, leading to an energy supply crisis. In such conditions, cooperation with the EU is critically important for the restoration and stabilization of Ukraine’s energy sector. The key directions and mechanisms of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of energy security, including the provision of financial assistance, technical support, as well as the implementation of joint projects in the field of renewable energy and energy efficiency, were considered. Special attention is given to the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) until 2030, developed with EU support and serving as a crucial component of Ukraine’s energy security strategy. The article also analyzes the impact of the implementation of the EU Clean Energy Package on Ukraine’s regulatory environment, promoting predictable conditions for investors and facilitating Ukraine’s integration into the European energy market. The role of market incentives in attracting investments in renewable energy sources and their impact on Ukraine’s energy security is examined. he impact of the implementation of the EU Clean Energy Package on the regulatory and legal environment of Ukraine is analyzed, which contributes to the creation of predictable conditions for investors and ensures the integration of Ukraine into the European energy market. The significant role of international cooperation and the role of international financial institutions in providing the necessary funding for the implementation of the NECP is also discussed. Particular attention is given to the potential of Ukraine’s renewable energy sector, including opportunities for expanding wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower capacities. The implementation of distributed generation, energy storage systems, and microgrids, which contribute to enhancing energy independence and resilience at the community level, is also considered. Conclusions were made about the need for further close cooperation between Ukraine and the EU to ensure Ukraine’s energy security, as well as Ukraine’s prospects for becoming a leader in the field of renewable energy in the region. The article provides recommendations on priority areas for the development of the energy sector and measures that will strengthen Ukraine’s energy security in the context of European integration.

International armed conflicts and their impact on aviation safety

Aviation transport is an integral part of the global infrastructure that ensures fast and efficient movement of people and cargo around the world. However, international armed conflicts create serious challenges for the aviation industry, affecting the safety of flights, the economic stability of airlines, as well as the international aviation community as a whole. This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of armed conflicts on air traffic, taking into account real examples from different regions of the world. One key aspect of the research is examining the effects of airspace closures over conflict zones, which force airlines to change routes, increasing fuel and operating costs. In addition, the issue of flight security in conflict zones, where commercial aircraft are at increased risk of accidental or deliberate attacks, is analyzed. An important aspect of the article is also the assessment of economic losses suffered by airlines and airports due to conflicts. In particular, cases of flight cancellations, a decrease in passenger traffic, as well as an increase in insurance premiums, which significantly affect the financial performance of companies, are considered. The article also touches on issues of international cooperation in the field of aviation security, which is critically important for minimizing risks and ensuring the stability of air traffic in armed conflicts. In particular, the role of international organizations such as ICAO and the effectiveness of existing international agreements and treaties aimed at coordinating actions between states during crisis situations are analyzed. The article also focuses on developing practical recommendations for airlines and governments to improve their conflict preparedness, including route planning, risk management and improved information sharing systems. Given the complexity and multifaceted nature of the issue, the authors emphasize the need for further scientific research in this area in order to develop new strategies and tools to ensure the safety and stability of the global aviation industry in the face of armed conflicts. Thus, the article makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the impact of international armed conflicts on air traffic and offers a comprehensive approach to solving this problem.

The evolution of doctrinal approaches to international police cooperation in the framework of the European Union

The article is devoted to the relevant in the science of international law the issue of evolution of doctrinal approaches to international police cooperation within the European Union. The literature on this issue is being investigated, on the basis of which observations of the nature of internal security management in the EU are made. The connection and the mutual stress between police integration and internal EU security policies are investigated on the one hand and the state sovereignty and the state monopoly to use force on the other. The evolution of the public sphere in the management of security policies is traced. The role of politicization in the management of international police cooperation is outlined. It is noted that politicization and public discourse can be both a favorable factor and an obstacle to police integration. The article highlights the evolution of management methods through soft and rigid law, as well as the growing role of internal and supranational actors in the management of police integration. The influence of differentiated informal networks on internal security management is noted. There is a trend available in the theoretical literature to mix powers through the generalization of cooperation networks. The issue of domestic and international internal security management is considered. It is concluded that not the state, but the network of police professionals determine the level of interest of states in integration in the field of international police cooperation. It is stated that a large array of research focuses on the institutionalization of the process of managing international police cooperation, while at the same time, relatively little work was carried out on the specific impact of differentiated networks on security management and the results of EU security policy. The asymmetry and variability of the integration preferences of states in the field of internal security are investigated. It is noted that this issue is best considered in the framework of the theory of functionalism. Such explanations are based on responding to common threats and functionality of ordinary institutions that allow to achieve certainty about the expected behavior of states.

The unexpected impact of geographic access on take-up of social benefits

Abstract Among the factors identified to account for non-take-up of social benefits, there has been limited research on ‘process costs’, particularly regarding the impact of geographic access. Using Israeli data on field office openings from 1993 to 2021, this paper investigates the impact of geographic access on the take-up of the five largest social security programs in Israel. Based on staggered openings and closings of social security field offices, we find that geographic access has no significant impact on the take-up of either automatic enrollment programs, such as child allowances, or non-automatic programs, such as disability benefits. These findings suggest that the effect of geographic access on the take-up of social benefits may have been overstated in previous studies. We propose the following hypothesis to explain the surprising findings: If enhanced geographic access is driven by political favoritism, opening of new service points may lead to the misallocation of resources and, in effect, increase administrative burdens, thereby undermining rather than improving the take-up of social benefits.

A mesterséges intelligencia rendelet szabályozási kerete a bűnüldözés és a nemzetbiztonság területén

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the legal regulation of law enforcement and national security applications within the framework of the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Regulation, the AI Act. The study seeks to determine what changes the AI Act will bring to the legal environment of covert investigations and how it should be applied to law enforcement and national security agencies. Methodology: The research employs legal analysis, comparative legal study, and literature review. The study compares the definitions of the AI Act and the OECD, as well as national legislation, to provide a comprehensive view of the legal definition and application of AI systems in the fields of law enforcement and national security. Findings: The AI Act adopts a technology-neutral approach to the definition of artificial intelligence systems to keep pace with rapid technological and market developments. The study finds that the legal definitions of autonomy, adaptability, and inference capability will pose significant challenges for legal practitioners. Additionally, it establishes clear rules for law enforcement agencies, while the AI Act is not applicable to national security applications. The study highlights the role of the National Security Service (NBSZ) as a central technology provider for both law enforcement and national security agencies. The NBSZ must ensure that its services comply with the requirements of the AI Act when providing them for law enforcement purposes. Value: The article contributes to the understanding of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence systems, particularly concerning their application in law enforcement and national security. The study clarifies that different regulatory frameworks apply to the legal compliance of AI technology in law enforcement and national security contexts. It emphasizes the role of the NBSZ, which is crucial in ensuring technological and legal compliance in the application of AI systems for law enforcement purposes.

Evolutionary game and LGPSO for attack-defense confrontation analysis in WSN from macro perspective

Wireless sensor network node security requires effective security mechanisms to protect the security and reliability, so as to ensure that sensor nodes can operate normally and provide reliable data in various environments. The security state change of wireless sensor network nodes is an important research content in the field of wireless sensor security. In this paper, an evolutionary game model is proposed to analyze the security state changes of sensor network nodes from a macro perspective. The existing methods define the parameters subjectively, which leads to the lack of rationality. In this paper, a Levy Flight Global Learning Particle Swarm Optimization (LGPSO) is proposed to calculate the Nash equilibrium of the game and quantify the parameters of the evolutionary game. The method proposed in this paper determines the parameters of the evolutionary game by solving the Nash equilibrium, which makes the model more realistic. The LGPSO has better optimization performance than other algorithms in solving Nash equilibrium problems. The CEC2013 dataset is used to test the performance of LGPSO. The experimental results show that LGPSO is superior to all other algorithms on 68% of the problems. This paper also discusses the influence of the game difficulty coefficient on the evolution process, and experiments show that a larger coefficient is more beneficial to the defender. The macro analysis in this paper provides the method of active defense for the attack-defense confrontation in wireless sensor networks.

Research on Advanced Imaging System Based on PZT Material and X-ray Tube

Along with the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, medical and health care has taken on an important strategic position. As an important analysis and detection means, biosensing technology plays a key role in the field of healthcare. The piezoelectric biosensor is an innovative biosensor utilizing piezoelectric material for bioanalysis, which has excellent characteristics of good stability, fast detection speed, high accuracy and simple operation, and has important application value in the fields of biomedicine, health monitoring and disease prevention and control. Herein, we summarize the research progress of piezoelectric biosensors at home and abroad in recent years and introduce the working principle of piezoelectric biosensors based on the piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal microbalance as well as commonly used piezoelectric materials, including inorganic piezoelectric materials, organic piezoelectric materials, piezoelectric composites, and bio-piezoelectric materials. Furthermore, the applications of piezoelectric biosensors in human health monitoring and disease prevention and control, such as the monitoring of physiological signs such as heart rate and pulse, the detection of biomarkers and epidemic viruses such as neo-coronary pneumonia, are also introduced. Finally, the current problems faced by piezoelectric biosensors are summarized and their future development is prospected. We will also talk about the basic principle, type, detection technology, application and development trend of X-ray tubes are reviewed. X-ray tube is a kind of electronic device that can produce X-rays, which is widely used in medical, industrial, security and other fields. The basic principle is to obtain the internal structure and composition information of the sample by detecting the intensity and energy distribution after the X-ray passes through the sample by using the penetration and fluorescence effects of the X-ray.

The New Ambitions of Turkey for a Multivector Policy in a Pluralist World

The paper attempts to find an answer to the question of how a successful multivector policy by Turkey would be possible in today’s world of escalating global conflicts. This seems to have been bequeathed by Atatürk, and one could say that RT Erdogan’s mission is to achieve it and pass it on to his successors. This policy helped at the beginning of the Turkish Revolution to defeat foreign troops and establish a secular democratic republic. In the last two decades, it has become possible again in the conditions of the world’s development from a unipolar to a multipolar world. Thanks to this, Turkey can solve its most important national security problems, such as curbing Kurdish intentions for independence and conducting a nationally responsible policy with all its neighbors and especially with the major geopolitical powers. One can say that Turkey’s influence on decisions and actions in the field of security in several regions is testimony to the trend of its transformation from a regional to a great power. Successes in this regard are based on the consistent and uncompromising policy in defense of one’s own national interests, the successful finding of allies in the direction of the “geopolitical wind” and the understanding of the mutual complementarity of various political and economic processes. This analysis has been carried out through the methodology of the theory of regional security complexes.

Political Spaces Beyond the Nation State: The Global Commons in International Security Studies

Abstract The global commons have come to play an increasingly prominent role in the field of international security as scholars seek to better understand the causes and consequences of interstate cooperation, competition, and conflict in political spaces that lie beyond sovereign jurisdiction. In this piece, we make the case that by grouping all extraterritorial spaces into a single, not further differentiated conceptual category, the notion of the “global commons” as it is presently employed obscures important variation in the way these spaces are governed. Specifically, we argue that there exist two distinct types of spaces that legally do not belong to any one state: those that all states are effectively able to freely use for their own strategic purposes; and those that are de facto dominated and thus defy the ideal of universal accessibility their status as a global common supposedly entails. The updated conceptual framework we develop in response—which explicitly distinguishes between two distinct types of extraterritorial spaces—promises to advance security studies research on the global commons in several ways: it helps scholars avoid the issue of causal heterogeneity which current conceptual foundations introduce into causal analysis; it facilitates normative discussions about the global commons and their political future; and it produces novel insights into the governance problems policymakers will confront when seeking to maintain states’ access to extraterritorial spaces in the new age of great power competition.