Field Of Cybernetics Research Articles

Electronic evidence in the criminal process

Abstract In a criminal process, the evidence constitutes one of the most important components of the burden of proof. In today’s reality, where technological devices and information technology are undergoing an unstoppable development, electronic evidence in the criminal process is increasingly reflecting a great practical importance, which directly affects not only the investigation and trial of criminal offenses in the field of cybernetics, but also in the discovery of all criminal offenses provided for in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania. Unlike the classic evidence provided expressly and in detail by the criminal procedural law, the provision in this legislation of electronic evidence is special, borrowed almost completely from the content of the Budapest Convention and which has as a distinguishing characteristic a generalizing provision and at the same time is open to include a wide range of evidence, in the variety of electronic evidence. However, despite this good forecast, due to the characteristics of electronic evidence, the lack of individuals who have specialized knowledge for obtaining and securing them, with the ultimate goal of using them in the criminal process of evidence, remains a challenge. Thus, with the focus on creating a clear picture about electronic evidence in the criminal process, this manuscript will analyse the current legal provision of electronic evidence in Albania, the efficiency of this provision in practice, including identifying characteristics of electronic evidence, the principles of electronic evidence, as well as the process of obtaining and securing them as usable during the criminal process.

CRIMINAL OFFENSE COMPUTER DISTRIBUTION OF PRO-GENOCIDE MATERIALS OR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY IN ALBANIA, THE PROBLEMS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN PRACTICE

On the criminal offenses in the field of cybernetics also includes those of a racist and xenophobic nature that are committed through computer systems. The provision of these offenses has come as a result of the implementation of the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime on the penalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems, ratified by the Albanian state through law no. 9262, dated 29.7. 2004 For the ratification of the Additional Protocol to the convention on cybercrime, for the criminalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems.

Academician Glushkov’s legacy: Human capital in the field of cybernetics, computing, and informatics at Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute

The role of academician Viktor Glushkov in the creation of scientific schools in the field of cybernetics, computing, and informatics at the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, which became a powerful national center for training specialists in this field, is considered. The significant influence of academician Hlushkov’s ideas on the formation of generations of scientists, who to this day continue to build a digital society in Ukraine and far beyond its borders, is shown.

The origins of forward-looking decision making: Cybernetics, operational research, and the foundations of forecasting

The massive explosion of literature, theory, and methods on all aspects of decision-analytics, machine learning and artificial intelligence, over the past 20 or so years has brought a rapid specialization in each of the substrata of the fields that are using them. The sharp focus on empirical usage of these methods across applications, and the consequent trivialization from data only-driven improvements and multiple method comparisons, have diverted attention from foundational and epistemological concerns and questions, leading to pure empiricism — due to, but not exclusively, increases and availability of computing power. Tapping into the, equally massive, history and literature of the earliest developments from pioneers in the fields of cybernetics, operations research, and forecasting, we re-establish the links to the past on the origins of business and predictive analytics. Using interdisciplinary-sourced material we bring attention to the significance of these early developments and to the need for a return to these early sources in re-establishing our connection with the fundamental principles and questions that define meaningful, forward-looking, decision-making.

Signal to Noise Loops: A Cybernetic Approach to Musical Performance with Smart City Data and Generative Music Techniques

Abstract This article introduces the Signal to Noise Loops project, which consisted of a series of performances and installations that took place worldwide between 2017 and 2022. The project utilized open data from a network of Internet of Things sensors placed around Dublin, Ireland, in the context of experimental music performance and composition. This network was underpinned by a theoretical framework from the field of cybernetics that united and integrated methods and approaches from the wide-ranging fields of data-driven music, generative music, rhythm analysis, and smart cities research.

Public Service Institutions in the Information Environment

The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship of public service institutions with informatization and intellectualization. The relevance of the research is due to the importance of the place and role of public service in public administration, as well as the increasing influence of technological factors covered by the concepts of “information environment” and “intellectualization”. The information environment and intellectualization become significant objects of legal regulation, indirectly influencing the activities of legal entities on the formation of managerial decisions. The purpose of the study: to form a reasonable idea of the institutions of public service in the conditions of informatization and intellectualization.The methodological basis of the research was general scientific and special methods of cognition, mainly system-structural, formal-legal, formal-logical methods, as well as the method of interpretation of law.In a state governed by the rule of law, the civil service in the totality of its constituent institutions is a socio-legal institution for ensuring the implementation of the constitution and laws of the State. The modern civil service, being a system-forming element of fundamental importance, organizing by administrative means and methods the coordinated functioning of state bodies for state administration, is not conceivable without the use of continuously developing information technologies. Digitalization, informatization and intellectualization are only successive stages of the life cycle of the applied means and methods of managing society, based on the results of theoretical research in the field of cybernetics, mathematics, psychology and other sciences, the subject of which is management activity. As a result, public service institutions have become objects for transformative impact of new technologies, and, being “entrusted” to information technologies, they have begun to lose the human aspect, moving towards uncontrolled by man and society, and therefore unpredictable results of management processes. “Digitized” public service institutions are subject to hidden, not always felt, external influence on public administration and on the rights of citizens.

CYBER DOCTRINARY APPROACHES CASE STUDY – FRENCH REPUBLIC, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AND THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN

In this paper, we aim to highlight the national efforts that representative countries of the European Union (EU) have made to harmonize national goals, with those of the NATO, in the field of cybernetics. This study also focuses exclusively on the approach of the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Kingdom of Spain, in the field of cyber defense developments, while analyzing evolutionary concepts and phases in the field, at Allied and European levels.

The houses that don’t exist: Openness in domestic modular systems

The article sets out to revisit a series of projects published in the Italian magazine Domus from the mid-1950s and early 1970s which prompt a journey in the logical of systematic thinking explored through the way domestic interiors are composed and occupied. Through these examples, modular systems are explored as project/design strategies that dictate a thinking process “from the outside in” and “from the inside out”, that is, from architecture to furniture and from furniture to architecture and the city. Some of those projects were in an intermediate position between a highly industrialized and a standardized architecture that was beginning to absorb the autonomous systems developed from the field of cybernetics in the 1960s. Others were dealing with the acceleration of industrialization and sought to reverse, control, and incorporate aspects of differentiation within serialization. Finally, the last examples reveal the ways in which the furniture absorbed the abstract order of the grid and freed itself from architecture by proposing different versions of “houses that don’t exist” and proclaiming and defending positions like “ambiguity” as a field with the potential to articulate this dialectic.

Back to the future: Cybernetics for safety, quality and cybersecurity

There is a lack of a holistic framework that ensures Industry 4.0 systems include Internet of Things (IoT) devices and computer systems designed to be fail-safe during cyberattacks. The silo view of treating industrial risk, Information Technology (IT) risk, and software quality as separate fields are leading to exploitable and hackable systems as documented by recent events. A stable system requires the collaboration and integration of engineering experts in quality, software design, reliability along with quality managers and auditors to focus on the intersection of technology and safety/reliability. The field of Cybernetics was originally created as an interdisciplinary field to understand and control complex systems. A multi-faceted and cross-disciplinary approach will be required to design fail-safe systems that can withstand cyberattacks in Industry 4.0. Integrating roles and responsibilities cannot succeed without a similarly aligned cross-functional approach, including a RAIC framework.

From Form to In-formation: A Spinozan Link between Deleuzian and Simondonian Ontologies

In developing the concept of assemblages, Gilles Deleuze draws at least some inspiration from Gilbert Simondon’s concept of information. While his acknowledgement of Simondon’s influence is almost entirely positive, Deleuze explicitly distances himself from the concept of information in order to avoid its link to the field of cybernetics. However, a Deleuzian informational ontology could instead be leveraged as an alternative to cybernetics. Drawing on the Spinozan link between the work of Deleuze and Simondon, it is possible to develop a hybrid informational ontology. This system can not only offer a different approach to information, data and technology than the essentialist concept of information embraced by cybernetics, but also aligns well with recent research in the biological sciences that has disrupted a long-held concept of individuals as entirely separate and autonomous. Shifting away from the Platonic Form to a Deleuzian/Simondonian in-formation furthers the post-human project aimed at understanding processes of subjectivation at multiple scales, including the micro (biome) and macro (city, population, planet).

Sylvia Wynter’s New Science of the Word and the Autopoetics of the Flesh

ABSTRACT This essay proposes that the work of Sylvia Wynter, a canonical figure in Afro-Caribbean philosophy, demonstrates other ways of doing philosophy, a comparative philosophy carried out as a cross-cultural exercise. Sylvia Wynter has argued for a “New Science of the Word” by drawing from the contributions of Frantz Fanon (sociogeny), Aimé Césaire (poetic knowledge), and the field of cybernetics, among other sources. This essay aims to explain the framework and methodology of the New Science and the original transdisciplinary engagement that such a framework facilitates. It argues that, by appropriating the concept of “autopoiesis” beyond the natural sciences, Wynter refashions autopoiesis as autopoetics to answer the age-old question of what it means to be human. Comparative philosophy, the essay concludes, can be fertile ground for Wynter’s project and epistemic decolonization.

Instruments of Vision

In the age of ubiquitous visual technologies and systems, our perceptive apparatuses are constantly challenged, adapted, and shaped by instruments and machines, rendering the observing body as an active site of knowledge. Your Eye's Motion by Luna is an interactive installation that uses real-time eye-tracking to control a robotic creature named Luna (Figure 1). Materializing eye movements through a wondrous spectacle of light, motion, and color, the observer becomes conscious of her gaze enacted and extended by a robotic counterpart. Building on a diverse set of theories and understandings of vision from the fields of cybernetics, visual studies, embodied mind, and more, the project explores how our perceptual apparatuses and bodies are reconfigured in relation to machines and the environment to afford new ways of seeing. Once we see how observing bodies accommodate feedback from actions to cognition, we can uncover the embodied and affective potential of eye movement as an interface for robotics. The curiosity of Luna invests in this potential, articulating a unity between our embodied percepts and machinic environments to create a "vision machine."

The Odyssey of Pedagogies of Technoscientific Literacies

A current pandemic which has pushed much work online has revealed a lack of literacies in information security, surveillance capitalism, and the unresolved problems of algorithms and control (e.g., Zuboff, Berners-Lee). Yet there is a decades-old tradition of pedagogies that address the complex interactions of the interdisciplinary technoscientific world (Morin, G. Bateson, Rheingold, Dewey, Freire, Cooper) and the need for ethical approaches (Queau, Markauskaite and Goodyear, Haidt, Gardner). Some of them emerged from the field of cybernetics (Morin, N. Bateson). Recent events show the need for further popularization of digital literacy, interdisciplinary approaches, intellectual and creative rigor, questions of service and liberty, and dialog on what constitutes ‘good’ professional praxis. This paper considers the always unfinished work of pedagogy to ‘rise up’ above names—here, of humanist technoscience—to consider what belonging together means. Through a largely hermeneutic approach, the problem of the technoscientific and its history in cybernetics is remembered in such a way as to remind us of features of our shared creative odyssey towards ‘something of greater significance’ (Dewey) and to show that uncritically downloading the latest app or giving up on the question of taking professional care is for the lotus-eaters.

An Enhanced Multimedia Video Surveillance Security Using Wavelet Encryption Framework

Multimedia digital data include medical record and financial documents, which are not guaranteed with security. The concerns for security of multimedia digital data is been a widespread issue in the field of cybernetics. With increasing malwares in video payloads, the proposed study aims to reduce the embedding of malwares using Pseudo Arbitrary Permutation based Cellular Automata Encryption (PAP-CAE) System in video payloads. This method reduces the malware attacks and distortion rate by permuting the secret keys with Pseudo arbitrary permutation. Before the application of PAP-CAE, 2D wavelet transform is applied on the multimedia files that compresses the complex files into different scales and position to be transmitted via a network with reduced size. Simultaneously, it performs the process of decryption and decompression to retrieve the original files. The proposed method is evaluated against existing methods to test its efficacy in terms of detection accuracy, detection time of malwares and false positive rate. The result shows that the proposed method is effective against the detection of malwares in multimedia video files.

‘Tortoises all the way down’: Geertz, cybernetics and ‘culture’ at the end of the Cold War

In his essay ‘The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man’, Clifford Geertz asserts that contemporary social science must ‘look for systematic relationships among diverse phenomena’. Geertz credits his approach to developments in the field of cybernetics, which pioneered the study of modern information systems to understand everything from computer systems and biological networks to human organisation. Geertz’s early formulation of culture, as a set of publicly traded symbols and their meanings, relied on cybernetic theories of ‘control mechanisms’, as discreet, ordered instructions and operational codes. In locating Geertz and the notion of culture within the historical developments and transformation of cyborg science, this paper also seeks to understand the expansive transformation of American anthropology in the Cold War period, as it shifts from the study of primitive to complex societies in the context of America’s growing global ambitions. Repositioning Geertz in this way helps contemporary readers understand Geertzian ‘culture’ beyond the limits of the cultural turn. More crucially, it better situates current anthropological interest in contingency, ontology and emergence within a broader historical and intellectual genealogy.

The cybernetic eye: scientific planning in the Soviet Mikroraion

This article looks at Soviet housing construction practices from a ‘cybernetic eye’ perspective, suggesting that this total approach to planning is fundamental to understanding the spatial logic undergirding the Soviet and post-Soviet urban landscape. It offers connections between the field of cybernetics and the Soviet mode of thinking about housing as a logistical problem of optimising the technology, types of housing, configuration, materials, and costs, into comprehensively designed units of planning. To illustrate the emergence of the ‘cybernetic eye’ logic, it focuses on the mikroraion as the site of implementation for Khrushchev’s program of scientific planning.

Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future.

At the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue engineering, computer science, and materials science, electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs and tissues. These sophisticated devices are mediators, recorders, and stimulators of electricity with the capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues to overcome their current limitations. They are therefore capable of leading humanity forward into the age of cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will to yield beings with abilities beyond their natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by the emergence of conformal and soft electronic materials that can readily integrate with the curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, and flexible human body. This article discusses the recent rapid pace of development in the field of cybernetics with special emphasis on the important role that flexible and electrically active materials have played therein.

Investigating original order with cybernetics and community detection algorithms

This article is an exploration into the principle of original order and begins with the presentation of a case study, which involved subjecting the records of a single department to a series of community detection algorithms. The results of the algorithms were visualized and presented to department staff members during qualitative interviews, who were asked to decide which community detection algorithm best represented their department. The case study results, along with ideas from the field of cybernetics, placed the work of Muller, Feith, and Fruin in a new light. More specifically, it became clear that the principle of original order and the principle respect des fonds crucially result in aggregates comprised of mutually relevant records. This mutual relevance is a necessary feature of an archival aggregate, as it makes it possible for researchers to corroborate pieces of data, which in turn enables a reconstruction of the past. Ultimately, this article delves into the various ways that record aggregates become mutually relevant, investigating physical original order, administration-based original order, and functional classification.

Technical Committees in the Field of Cybernetics [Society News

Provides a listing of current committee members and society officers.

Cyberneticization of the sense function in an intellectual control system

In the present work, from the standpoint of cybernetics, a sensible psychic function is considered, proposed by K.Jung in the framework of analytical psychology. The peculiarities of this function enabled Jung to distinguish it as an independent equivalent function of thinking, feeling and intuition, and to describe perceptive psychological types (extraverted and introvert). The special research in this work is carried out in view of the practical lack of similar materials by other researchers and the need to understand the meaning and role of the sensation function in the intellectual control system of the new generation, as a cybernetic system, expressing the ideas of analytical psychology. This work is based on the publications of well-known practicing psychologists and specialists in the field of cybernetics, as well as on the results of previous studies by the authors. An in-depth analysis of the properties of the sensory function, undertaken according to the given psychological descriptions, made it possible to correlate these properties with the positions of cybernetics in the part of information transmission and control. In order to correctly describe the action of the sensory function, two operations are proposed: diffusion (blurring) and contraction (concentration) of sensory images. The results of this study indicate that in natural systems, the sensory function operates already in the sensory perception of objective reality, and the operation of the sensible function determines the modes of operation of mental functions in any intellectual system that satisfies the provisions of analytical psychology. The meaning and role of the tangible function in the intellectual control system go well beyond the limits of only “simple transmission of images”, indicated by Jung. Analysis of the results of the study showed that it was the sensible function that could be provided for the psychic attitudes “extraversion” and “introversion”, as well as for a number of other phenomena noticed, but not explained by Jung. In addition, from the analysis of the properties of the tangible function, it is possible to hypothesize the possibility of describing the behavior of an intellectual system that has the “freedom of choice”, based on the cybernetic analogue of the phenomenon of fusion.