Field Specialists Research Articles

How Iran’s Hospital Accreditation Program Meets the International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua)

Background: Hospital health service quality is a fundamental component of the health system. Hospital accreditation is a key approach to enhancing this quality, necessitating the correct implementation of processes. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the compliance of the executive processes of Iran’s hospital accreditation program with the requirements of the International Society for Quality in Health Care and to provide corrective solutions. Methods: This qualitative study uses an inductive content analysis technique. A checklist with seven axes was established by extracting and interpreting the requirements of the executive processes from the International Society for Quality in Health Care. By examining existing documents at the Ministry of Health’s Accreditation Office and conducting interviews with managers and experts in the field, challenges in the domain of the executive processes of Iran’s hospital accreditation program were identified using the relevant checklist. Corrective solutions were then gathered through semi-structured interviews with 19 experts, managers, and accreditation field specialists, categorized inductively, and presented using MAXQDA software. Results: Challenges in seven areas were identified, including governance; strategic, operational and financial management; risk management; human resources management; information management; survey and client management; and the granting of accreditation approval. Subsequently, solutions were categorized into five groups encompassing 26 concepts, focusing on reforming macro policies, addressing implementation challenges, fostering appropriate interactions, improving human resource management, and promoting evidence-based decision-making. Conclusions: The Iran hospital accreditation program’s adherence to International Society for Quality in Health Care standards is inadequate. Establishing a semi-autonomous, non-profit accreditation body that operates under government control and ensuring the independence of the accreditation office is essential for achieving higher compliance and receiving certification from International Society for Quality in Health Care.

Cultural Capital. Part two. Accounting

This part of the article dedicated to cultural value registration — a topical part of economic activity that is not currently solved. Author proposes an efficient registration method which, despite seemingly innumerable set of possible value parameters, allows to embrace more than 500 million of units within two years of operation, which includes consequent evaluation, employing hundreds of thousands of cultural field specialists in all areas of national culture, while increasing usefulness and demand of this profession.

TRACING THE FOOTPRINT OF WORLD ENGLISHES ON MACHINE TRANSLATION TOOLS

With the rise in the population who uses English as a Foreign or Second language, World Englishes has become more focus of English language teaching field specialists. As a consequence, English varieties which are present in supplementary tools used in the process of language teaching and learning took on a new meaning. As one of the commonly used supplementary tools is machine translation tools, the current study aims to explore the machine translation outputs tendency considering grammar-based, spelling-based, and lexical variations between varieties of Englishes regarding Google Translate outputs. Source texts were extracted from Turkish National Corpus. A total of seventy-three Turkish to English machine translation outputs were examined regarding two dominant varieties, American English and British English, with the aim of figuring out the machine translation tendency of translation outputs. The analysis of the research showed that Google Translate provides users with mostly American English compared to British English.

Transitional Medicine of Intractable Primary Dyslipidemias in Japan.

Transitional medicine refers to the seamless continuity of medical care for patients with childhood-onset diseases as they grow into adulthood. The transition of care must be seamless in medical treatment as the patients grow and in other medical aids such as subsidies for medical expenses in the health care system. Inappropriate transitional care, either medical or social, directly causes poorer prognosis for many early-onset diseases, including primary dyslipidemia caused by genetic abnormalities. Many primary dyslipidemias are designated as intractable diseases in the Japanese health care system for specific medical aids, as having no curative treatment and requiring enormous treatment costs for lipid management and prevention of complications. However, there are problems in transitional medicine for primary dyslipidemia in Japan. As for the medical treatment system, the diagnosis rate remains low due to the shortage of specialists, their insufficient link with generalists and other field specialists, and poor linkage between pediatricians and physicians for adults. In the medical care system, there is a mismatch of diagnostic criteria of primary dyslipidemias between children and adults for medical care expense subsidization, as between The Program for the Specific Pediatric Chronic Diseases and the Program for Designated Adult Intractable Diseases. This could lead some patients subsidized in their childhood to no longer be under the coverage of the aids after transition. This review intends to describe these issues in transitional medicine of primary dyslipidemia in Japan as a part of the efforts to resolve the problems by the Committee on Primary Dyslipidemia under the Research Program on Rare and Intractable Disease of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.

북한이탈대학생 대학입시특별전형에 관한 쟁점과 개선방안 연구

This study analyzed the collegiate experiences of North Korean defector students admitted via special admissions, scrutinized the challenges of this system, and proposed enhancements. Employing a qualitative case study approach, it involved 10 defector students and 6 experts, including professors and field specialists, totaling 16 participants. Data from Focus Group Interviews (FGI) highlighted six themes across two categories about the special admissions process challenges. The first category showed the positive impact of special admissions, such as facilitating university entry for defectors, enhancing their social capital, and aiding integration into Korean society. The second category focused on challenges like academic gaps, anxiety over their special admission status, and career choice difficulties. These findings, compared with previous research, underscored three main issues with the special admissions system. The study suggests improvements to better support North Korean defector students.

Do phylogenetic community metrics reveal the South African quartz fields as terrestrial-habitat islands?

The quartz fields of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) are arid and island-like special habitats, hosting ~142 habitat-specialized plant species, of which 81 % are local endemics, characterized by a rapid turnover of species between and among sites. We use several phylogenetic community metrics: (1) to examine species diversity and phylogenetic structure within and among quartz fields; (2) to investigate whether quartz field specialists are evolutionarily drawn from local species pools, whereas the alternative hypothesis posits that there is no significant evolutionary connection between quartz field specialists and the local species pools; and (3) to determine whether there is an association between certain traits and the presence of species in quartz fields. We sampled and developed dated phylogenies for six species-rich angiosperm families (Aizoaceae, Asteraceae, Crassulaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Santalaceae) represented in the quartz field floras of southern Africa. Specifically, we focused on the flora of three quartz field regions in South Africa (Knersvlakte, Little Karoo and Overberg) and their surrounding species pools to address our research questions by scoring traits associated with harsh environments. We found that the Overberg and Little Karoo had the highest level of species overlap for families Aizoaceae and Fabaceae, whereas the Knersvlakte and the Overberg had the highest species overlap for families Asteraceae, Crassulaceae and Santalaceae. Although our phylogenetic community structure and trait analyses showed no clear patterns, relatively low pairwise phylogenetic distances between specialists and their local species pools for Aizoaceae suggest that quartz species could be drawn evolutionarily from their surrounding areas. We also found that families Aizoaceae and Crassulaceae in Knersvlakte and Little Karoo were phylogenetically even. Despite their proximity to one another within the GCFR, the studied areas differ in their species pools and the phylogenetic structure of their specialists. Our work provides further justification for increased conservation focus on these unique habitats under future scenarios of global change.

THE ESSENCE OF MIND STRATEGY IN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE: HUMAN-NATURE-WISDOM UNITY

A systematic approach requires combining the knowledge of related subjects (e.g., natural sciences) into a whole and making conditions for the learners to research, draw conclusions, process abundant and diverse information, improve and change, complete their knowledge, i.e., eliminate common/traditional subject barriers, refuse narrow empiricism. The field of science education is wide, complex and diverse. It is not only the transmission of natural science knowledge but also ecological, environmental, antidrug, sexual, antinicotine education, healthy lifestyle training, etc. Today’s society is dealing with very relevant issues of nature protection, nature conservation, ecology, environmental protection, and other problems. All this requires a new approach from all of us, the efforts of various field specialists, eliminating all separating barriers. Global problems are a common concern for all of us. This is just because not a single problem is isolated from another, most of them are intertwined, fully determined, united in their nature. Therefore, knowing (clarifying) connections is complicated and hardly achievable. Their solution is possible only when they are comprehensively analysed by closely linking them together.

An intervention to improve antibiotic prescription behavior in veterinary students: A protocol based on the multi-theory model to tackle antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat. Moreover, incorrect and inappropriate drug prescription behavior is considered a fundamental risk factor. Thus, the present study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program based on the multi-theoretical model (MTM) in improving antibiotic prescription behavior in veterinary students of Iran. The present study will include four phases including a qualitative phase, an instrument design and psychometric test phase, and a cross-sectional, and an interventional phase. In the first phase, the sampling will be purposive with a maximum variety. The interviews will be conducted with a sample of veterinarians. The data will be analyzed in MAXQDA 10. In the second phase, the face and content validity will be tested by a panel of experts as field specialists. A confirmatory factor analysis will be used to test construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intracluster correlation coefficient will be used to determine the internal consistency of the instrument. Then, at this stage, a number of veterinary students will be selected through a multi-stage sampling method. In the cross-sectional phase, another sample of veterinary students will complete a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, Spearman's correlation coefficient test will be used to test the relationship between the two stages of behavior initiation and behavior continuation. The data will be analyzed in SPSS 22. In the third phase, some veterinary students will be selected through a census and will be randomly divided into a control and an intervention group. To collect data in the final phase, the researcher-made questionnaire that was designed in the second phase of the study based on a multi-theory model will be used to extract data. To compare demographic characteristics, compare the correlation between the constructs of the multi-theory model with antibiotic prescribing behavior in the cross-sectional phase and compare the scores of the constructs of the MTM in two intervention and control groups paired-samples T test and independent-samples T test will be used. The present study will aim to improve antibiotic prescription behavior in veterinary students based on a MTM. The findings can be used as a model for training students in clinical fields such as veterinary medicine and general medicine at university at a national level. After verification and approval by experts and university professors, we can expect a change in the educational curriculum to include instructions on how to write out prescriptions for students. There are hopes that the present study if conducted accurately and widely to help prevent AMR in livestock, humans, and society.

Comprehensive comparison of modified deep convolutional neural networks for automated detection of external and middle ear conditions

Otitis media disease, a frequent childhood ailment, could have severe repercussions, including mortality. This disease induces permanent hearing loss, commonly seen in developing countries with limited medical resources. It is estimated that approximately 21,000 people worldwide die from reasons related to this disease each year. The main aim of this study is to develop a model capable of detecting external and middle ear conditions. Experiments were conducted to find the most successful model among the modified deep convolutional neural networks within two scenarios. According to the results, the modified EfficientNetB7 model could detect normal, chronic otitis media, earwax, myringosclerosis cases with high accuracy in Scenario 2. This model offers average values of 99.94% accuracy, 99.86% sensitivity, 99.95% specificity, and 99.86% precision. An expert system based on this model is expected to provide a second opinion to doctors in detecting external and middle ear conditions, particularly in primary healthcare institutions and hospitals lacking field specialists.

Geotechnical characterisation of coal spoil piles using high-resolution optical and multispectral data: A machine learning approach

Geotechnical characterisation of spoil piles has traditionally relied on the expertise of field specialists, which can be both hazardous and time-consuming. Although unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) show promise as a remote sensing tool in various applications; accurately segmenting and classifying very high-resolution remote sensing images of heterogeneous terrains, such as mining spoil piles with irregular morphologies, presents significant challenges. The proposed method adopts a robust approach that combines morphology-based segmentation, as well as spectral, textural, structural, and statistical feature extraction techniques to overcome the difficulties associated with spoil pile characterisation. Additionally, it incorporates minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) based feature selection and machine learning-based classification. This automated characterisation will serve as a proactive tool for dump stability assessment, providing crucial data for improved stability models and contributing to a greener and more responsible mining industry .

4th EPS TIGS Hands-on Event: enlarging the horizon of young physicists and engineers

With the idea of bringing students together from all over the continent to innovate, to experiment and learn with the expertise of field specialists, the Technology and Innovation Group (TIG) of the European Physical Society in collaboration with IdeaSquare (CERN) has organised the fourth edition of the “EPS TIG Hands-on Event for Science, Technology and Interfaces”.

ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЙ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПОДБОРА КОМБИКОРМОВОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ НА СТАДИИ ЕГО ПОКУПКИ

The combined feed equipment’s selection is an important stage in feed production development and optimization. This equipment quality and efficiency directly affect on the feed production process and, accordingly, the final product. At feed equipment purchasing, it is necessary a comprehensive assessment carrying out in order to make the right choice and production operation efficient ensuring. A comprehensive assessment includes the technical, technological and energy equipment’s characteristics analysis, economic feasibility, as well as its guarantees and maintenance. Only taking into account all these aspects, it is possible the optimal equipment choosing by meets an agricultural enterprise requirements and maximum profit bringing. Immediately before combined feed equipment purchasing, it is necessary the main criteria that will determine a priority for each livestock specific organization. The subject of this study - is theoretical foundations developing that allow to hold a comprehensive assessment of such combined feed equipment selection effectiveness at the stage of its purchasing. An integral indicator that determines the combined feed equipment effectiveness at its intended purpose using and as specific one for feed equipment selection’s effectiveness is proposed. At a complex criterion effectiveness evaluating, it is important taking into account not only the total indicators’ sum, but also the relative importance of each of them, that base on the relevant field specialists’ expert opinion is determined. To achieve maximum efficiency, it is important taking into account all aspects that are important at combined feed equipment for each specific enterprise buyer’s choosing. To increase the combined feed equipment selection’s efficiency at the stage of its purchasing, it is proposed a complex criterion formation’s scheme using. This scheme takes into account all indicators such as energy, technical and technological, economic and quality ones including. A scheme has been developed combined feed equipment selection’s efficiency at its purchase stage improving.

On-Farm Produce Safety Practices Assessment in Texas

This study aimed to evaluate data from on-farm assessments to identify patterns and challenges that resulted in noncompliance to the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Sixty-nine large farms were assessed by field specialists from the Texas Department of Agriculture Office of Produce Safety by using PSR to determine non-compliance issues over a 16-month period. Large farms are defined as farms that have exceeded $500,000 in average annual produce sales over the course of a 3-year period adjusted for inflation. The results showed a total of 164 non-compliance issues related to Subpart O-Record Keeping (78/164), Subpart L-Equipment, Tools and Buildings (37/164), and Subpart C-Personnel Qualifications and Training (26/164). The assessments of Subpart O demonstrated that growers or grower contractors may perform the activities without documenting records. Examples for Subpart L include growers not cleaning and sanitizing equipment for transporting produce, and some farms did not handle handwashing wastewater effectively. Study results identified the need for training, education, or development of additional resources to specifically address underlying challenges related to non-compliance. This study is novel because the data analyzed demonstrate baseline compliance for large farms in the state of Texas.

A descriptive survey of specialty pharmacy team members' perceptions of interactions with field representatives from pharmaceutical companies.

BACKGROUND: It is not well understood in literature what the time spent between health care professionals, including pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, and pharmaceutical field specialists equates to in terms of changes in productivity or lost time, the educational value provided, or the nature of the resources provided in terms of improving patient care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the volume of, and time spent in, pharmaceutical field representative (PFR) meetings by members of an integrated specialty pharmacy team at a large academic medical center. METHODS: A 16-item survey tool used skip and branching logic comprising binary, multiple-choice, multiple-select, and open-ended items was distributed to pharmacists and pharmacy technicians at a health-system specialty pharmacy on the south side of Chicago, Illinois. The survey assessed locations of interactions with PFR, who initiated the request, reason for interaction, time spent, whether the participant felt the interaction provided value, and whether it contributed to them working a longer shift or compromising time spent on patient care that day. RESULTS: There were a total of 108 responses. Of those, 44 responses documented having an interaction with a PFR, and the remaining responses indicated no interaction that week. Only 5 (11.4%) of the interactions were pharmacy team member initiated. Among the pharmacy team member-initiated meetings, all respondents stated that the interaction had provided value, and none reported that it led to a longer workday. Conversely, of the 36 pharmaceutical representative-initiated interactions, 15 (41.6%) found value and 5 (13.8%) said that their workday was elongated because of these interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that the majority of encounters taking place between our specialty pharmacy team members and PFRs did not result in knowledge gained or provision of tools and resources to support our patients. The next steps include 3 specific proposed changes to how our team responds to meeting requests from PFRs, specifically aimed at reducing pipeline presentations, reducing meetings pertaining to limited distribution drugs not accessible to the specialty pharmacy, and reducing meetings with the intent of introduction or pass off of contacts between PFRs.

ON THE LEXICOGRAPHIC TREATMENT OF VERBS IN ENGLISHSERBIAN TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES

The paper investigates the place of verbs within the terminological system of bilingual English-Serbian dictionaries, focusing on those authored by field specialists. The method is a corpus-based contrastive analysis of an English-Serbian waste management dictionary with about 1900 terms, which builds on the research results so far, as well as the preliminary quantitative analysis of three English-Serbian dictionaries, all authored by field professionals, according to which nouns dominate, while those for verbs make a much smaller count. Since the corpus findings in this research also indicate an uneven coverage of word classes in favor of nouns, the paper discusses the need to provide more room for verbs in bilingual English-Serbian dictionaries. In that respect, the paper discusses entries labelled as nouns and adjectives in the corpus, but derived from verbs and argues that specialized dictionaries should be organized in such a way to include entries for the verbs from which these nouns and adjectives were derived.

A Novel Administration Model for Managing and Organising the Heterogeneous Information Security Policy Field

Information security policy (ISP) plays a crucial role in maintaining the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of sensitive data. However, it is of high complexity and heterogeneity due to the variety and redundancy of security policy practices and complexity of organisational systems. Various and duplicate ISP models and frameworks have been offered in the literature. The duplicate security policy practices, procedures, and processes in the existing models have made ISP disorganised, unstructured, and unclear to organisational users. As a result, there is still a need for a standardised and integrated model to make it simpler to share, manage, and reuse ISP practices amongst the organisations. The main objective of this study is to construct a metamodel to unify, organise, and structure ISP practices. By identifying, recognising, extracting, and combining the common information security policy practices from various ISP models in a built ISP metamodel called ISPM, we seek to make it simple for users and field specialists to derive/instantiate security policy models for their organisations. The development and validation process of the ISPM is based on the common security frameworks such as ISO 27001 frameworks. The developed ISPM consists of 19 common security practices: organisation, risk management, access control policy, edit, review, compliance, business management, backup and recovery, incident response, SETA program, security awareness, security training, security education, email security policy, cloud security policy, network security policy, website security policy, physical security policy, and privacy security policy. Each common security practice consists of several operations and attributes. The performance of the developed ISPM was compared to that of other models to evaluate its completeness and logicalness. Using ISO 27001 as a framework, the findings confirmed the comprehensiveness of ISPM. Therefore, it can contribute to organisations’ security by helping them to develop their own security policy models.

Teaching Vocational Oriented Foreign Language Reading to Future Oil Field Specialists

Teaching Vocational Oriented Foreign Language Reading to Future Oil Field Specialists

"LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA. DIGITAL CITIZENS "

The paper focuses on learning in the digital era and digital citizens. The evolution of modern information technologies and the Internet have revolutionized education and traditional forms of training. The development of modern forms of learning has directed the evolution of multimedia and communication technologies to the development of digital infrastructures demanded by today's computerized societies that provide everyone with easy access to the content of massive virtual libraries. Using new technologies, everyone concerned with their professional development can communicate with their field specialists and other colleagues to share information, knowledge and experience. Digital citizens belong to the digital society. They use technology to get involved in the good course of society. Digital citizenship empowers people to harvest the benefits of digital technology in a safe and efficient way. In the world of the 21st century, the skills of the digital age cannot be neglected. Once these skills are mastered, trust and autonomy arise. Young people learn not only to master a wide range of digital tools but also to understand how they work and how they are created.

System Dynamics Tools to Study Mediterranean Rangeland’s Sustainability

Rangelands are a key resource present all over the world and cover half of all emerged lands. They are even more important in drylands, where they cover 48% of the total area. Their intensification and the additional pressure added by climate change push these socio-ecological systems towards desertification. Over the last two decades, we have developed and applied System Dynamics (SD) models for the study of Mediterranean grasslands. In addition, we have designed procedures and analysis tools, such as global sensitivity analysis, stability analysis condition, or risk analysis, to detect the main drivers of these socio-ecological systems and provide indicators about their long-term sustainability. This paper reviews these works, their scientific background, and the most relevant conclusions, including purely technical and rangeland-related ones, as well as our experience as systemic modelers in a world driven by field specialists.

Educational Reforms in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Civil-Military Regimes (1999-2018)

The study is based about comparison of civil-military regimes (1999-2018). The main objective of the study is to explore the educational reforms/policies and analyze the internal / eternal factors related to failure of educational system in Pakistan. Education plays a usually role in the advancement and protection of National Identity. However, being ideological state the Western countries considered Pakistan nurturing anti west approaches amongst a few Muslim countries. They claimed that Muslim countries included Pakistan majority of children getting Madaris education, where they produced extremists, fundamentalists and Islamic Jehadists. The radicalization concept was converted into technical education through Education Sector Reforms (ESR) 2002, education for all. This article sheds light on the educational reforms/policy of civil-military governance regimes 1999-2018 of Pakistan with a major focus education for all, introducing technical education and Madaris reforms to achieve 80% literacy rate. These education sector reforms did not fruitful due to involvement of bureaucrats for making policies and ignored educationist in the relevant field specialists. After 2010, the 18th amendment in the 1973 constitution of Pakistan the slogan of civilian governance compulsory education for the children from ages five to sixteen (free education for all). Here millions of children still have not registered in education to achieve the target. There are so many other flops like religious factors and sectarian violence. Through 18th Amendment the school education is the subject of provincial matter.