Field Of Transport Infrastructure Research Articles

Transformation of the multilevel system of transport infrastructure project management

The article is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodological provisions aimed at systemic transformation of the organization of a multi-level system of project management of transport infrastructure. The authors propose to use the method of multi-parametric assessment for groups of projects aimed at the development of transport infrastructure based on economic and environmental indicators, including determining the level of efficiency of the socio-innovative potential of transport, taking into account the degree of possible risks. The significance of the practical component of the study is to determine a set of conditions for the possible practical use of the methodology for managing groups of projects in the field of transport infrastructure considering the effectiveness of the implementation of the tasks and goals laid down in them. The method of organization of project management makes it possible to optimize the number of unrealized groups of projects in a multiple way, to carry out the procedure of ordering and multifactorial selection in the context of each hierarchical management level. The reliability of the results obtained was confirmed by the implementation of projects in the field of transport in Moscow, as well as the use of various mathematical methods.

Analysis of Public-private Partnerships in the Transport Sector of Eurasian States

This study is aimed at studying the public-private partnership (PPP) market of the Eurasian continent, best practices in the field of transport development, comparison of national regulations and the level of government regulation, as one of the important areas of socio-economic development of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Aim . To propose the use of Singapore’s public-private partnership experience for the Russian Federation in the field of transport infrastructure projects.Tasks. Consider the experience of using PPP projects in different countries, highlight key features, analyze the legislative framework and regulatory support in this area, conduct a comparative analysis of PPP projects in the transport sector of Singapore and the Russian Federation and propose successful practices for solving this problem.Methods. Various general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge are used, among which are analysis, synthesis, analogy, as well as descriptive and system-functional methods. To compare the practices of Singapore and the Russian Federation, the comparative analysis method was used.Results . Based on specific examples, the effectiveness of PPP in infrastructure and social projects in Singapore is substantiated and recommendations are formulated for applying successful experience and scaling it up in the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Using the experience of Singapore’s public-private partnership will help increase the efficiency of PPP projects in the Russian Federation, improve the investment attractiveness of this segment of the economy and, as a result, develop the state’s transport infrastructure and improve the quality of life of the population.

Legal regulation of the international transport sphere in the conditions of European integration

The article conducts a scientific and practical study of the organizational and legal issues of the integration of the transport system of Ukraine into both European and world transport systems with the aim of forming and further developing a single trans-European transport network.
 The international documents of the European Union and the national legislation of Ukraine in the international transport sphere were analyzed in order to identify problematic issues, search for effective organizational and legal mechanisms for their solution and priority forms of cooperation in this sphere.
 It was revealed that the main concepts, ways to achieve the goal and even specific actions regarding the creation of a modern transport network are outlined in the strategy of the European Commission "Transport - 2050: road map for the formation of the Single European transport space - on the way to a competitive and resource-efficient transport system” - " White book - 2011”.
 One of the main goals of cooperation in accordance with the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, was specified, and its content was formed.
 It was emphasized that the situation with European integration in the international transport sphere remains difficult and this is a negative phenomenon and a joint responsibility of the Government and the Parliament regarding the obligations of Ukraine's implementation of mandatory and directly related regulations and directives of the European Union.
 The necessary steps for the implementation of the organizational and legal mechanism of European integration processes regarding the liberalization of international transportation and the development of the international transport sphere with the European Union and its member states are proposed, which can be the conclusion of bilateral agreements between Ukraine and the European Union on the simplification of the permit system between Ukraine and the member states of the European Union. of the Union for transit transportation by transport, making appropriate changes to already existing bilateral agreements regarding the conditions of transit transportation of goods between Ukraine and the member states of the European Union, in general, resolving issues regarding the obligations of implementing the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union , the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, in the field of infrastructure, acceleration of the stages of reform in Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the Association Agreement, in particular, the approval by the parliament of European integration bills in the field of transport infrastructure.

Modeling of transport infrastructure: ontological approach

The article deals with current problems of ontological modeling of processes of design, construction and operation of buildings and structures in transport infrastructure. Such modeling involves use of standards and classifiers adopted in Europe and harmonized within BIM (Building Information Modeling) and EULYNX (European railway technology alliance). Multi-level ontological model of transport infrastructure is proposed. This model contributes to formation of understanding of essence of subject area, which is the field of transport infrastructure (transport repair enterprises, transport facilities (bridges, tunnels, tracks), transport depots, stations, etc.). Proposed model contributes to presentation of knowledge in form that is convenient for their processing in intelligent systems, ensuring intellectualization and digitization of processes in transport infrastructure. Proposed ontological approach ensures multiple use of knowledge and existing ontologies, allows the use of modern technologies (in particular, semantic ones), when objects of subject area correspond to their reflections in multi-level ontological model. Ontological approach to modeling of transport infrastructure makes it possible to move to automatic management of these objects and corresponding processes in systems that ensure intellectualization and digitalization of transport and transport infrastructure. Developed multi-level ontological model is planned to be supplemented with new components, imposing appropriate restrictions.

Efficiency of Transport Infrastructure in Asian Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in the Context of Creating New Trans-Eurasian Transport Corridors

This article discusses the efficiency of transport infrastructure and cooperation of neighboring regions located in Asian Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in the context of creating new international economic corridors from the Silk Road and trans-Eurasian transport corridors. This study aims to highlight the possible ways of strengthening cross-border cooperation in the field of transport infrastructure. We evaluated the current state of the transport infrastructure, the dynamics of its development, and its influence on the territorial–production complex. Using quantitative data and the unified indicator for the efficiency of transport infrastructure, we also characterized the territorial differentiation, its causes, and prerequisites for further economic and trade cooperation between these countries. The main results are as follows: (1) The lowest levels of the efficiency of transport infrastructure are typical for the northeast of Asian Russia, as well as for the border regions of China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. (2) For Asian Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, the highest levels of the unified indicator are typical for regions located along the main transport routes and for regions with a developed mining industry. This is due to the strong unevenness of the socio-economic development of the territories. (3) The largest industrial and economic centers have been developing along the main transport corridors primarily due to the accumulated potential of equivalent freight turnover and export potential. This study can be useful for authorities and business, as well as for other users of transport infrastructure to improve its regulation and efficiency.

Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Urban Development: Experience of Countries for the Period of 2010-2020

"To carry out a detailed analysis of the presented topic, the goals of the work are to reveal the mechanism of public-private partnership, to determine its features in the field of transport infrastructure in the experience of different countries and Ukraine, as well as to determine its further prospects. Among the main methodological approaches, it is worth noting the theoretical methodological approach, the method of statistical analysis, the functional methodological approach, the dogmatic methodological approach, the synthesis method, and others. During the research, the public-private partnership was analysed, and its characteristic features and principles of implementation were determined, which helped to consider this mechanism in more detail. The role and possibilities of using public-private partnership in the field of infrastructure projects, especially in the segment of motor transport infrastructure, were revealed and disclosed. It is important to analyse the functioning of the public-private partnership mechanism in different countries in the context of financing transport infrastructure sectors. Also, the current legal framework was analysed, which regulates public-private partnership in the field of transport infrastructure and transport in Ukraine; recommendations were proposed that would contribute to a more effective mechanism of regulation of this sector. It was established that the attraction of private funds will require a proportional increase in state funding, and a new approach to the risk management system, taking into account the peculiarities of the political and economic sectors."

Green principles of ecological safety of transport construction

The current trend toward the use of 3D concrete printing represents a vector for green financing of innovative transportation projects and a shift from traditional construction to additive manufacturing and a closed-loop economy. The potential impact of additive technology in the field of transport infrastructure is expected to be greater than in any other, due to the scale of construction printing and its environmental potential to ensure the environmental safety of transport construction at the global, regional and local levels, which appears to be a relevant interdisciplinary research area. The article analyzes the transition to a "green economy," including the introduction of additive technologies and the rational use of construction resources. The article gives proposals for energy-efficient and ecological green construction of high-speed railways and provides a rationale for the use of additive technologies using 3D-printed noise protection walls made of eco-concrete (green concrete, geo-concrete). The main recommendations on the choice of structures, optimal for the implementation of active noise protection measures on high-speed railways and artificial constructions are given. Presented the work of PSTU students of the Faculty of Transport Construction on the subject of 3D printing of noise protection panels with different acoustic performance. Modern architectural solutions were made with the preparation of a feasibility study on the implementation of innovations and the development of green design competencies.

DEVELOPMENT OF DETERMINATION METHODOLOGY OF THE EXTERNAL (ECONOMIC) DEPRECIATION INFLUENCE ON THE COST OF REAL ESTATE OBJECTS UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

The purpose of the scientific work is to develop a methodology for determining the impact of external (economic) depreciation on the value of real estate. The essence of external (economic) depreciation is analyzed, in particular, the nature of its impact on the value of real estate over time is determined. Traditional methods of determining external (economic) depreciation were studied, their analysis and grouping were performed, and an algorithm for the use of traditional methods was developed. The necessary prerequisites for the application of these methods, their advantages and disadvantages were determined, and the results of practical testing were analyzed in the study [4]. It was concluded that for the effective application of traditional methods of determining external depreciation, it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of information about the real estate market and high liquidity of the property. It was found that it is problematic to apply the considered methods to specialized, illiquid or nonliquid property, which, in particular, includes transport infrastructure objects. Using the results of the study [4], it is proposed to additionally apply two specific methods (method of power dependence, object liquidation method), which take into account the lack of information about the real estate market and the specifics of specialized objects. Adaptation of methods of power dependence and object liquidation to real estate in the field of transport infrastructure has been carried out. Based on the proposed methodology, an algorithm for estimating the value of real estate, taking into account economic wear and tear, was developed. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The scientific novelty of the study is the development of a methodology and algorithm for estimating the value of real estate, taking into account economic depreciation, based on the determined liquidity of real estate. The practical value of the proposed algorithm and methodology is ensuring the possibility of their application to various types of objects, in particular, to specialized and non-specialized, liquid and illiquid, private and public. This becomes especially important in modern conditions, when there is a need to assess the property damaged by the war in order to carry out its recovery, repair, reconstruction or liquidation.

Financing Russia's transport infrastructure using public-private partnership facilities: Current challenges and prospects

Subject. This article examines the main ways and legal forms of implementation of transport infrastructure projects in the Russian Federation, the challenges associated with financing, and the prospects for the development of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism when implementing transport projects. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of PPP mechanisms when implementing transport infrastructure projects in Russia to ensure the long-term development of the country. Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, statistical and graphical analyses, and comparison. Results. The article assesses the role of PPP facilities in project financing to encourage the inflow of investments in the field of transport infrastructure and determines the main organizational and legal framework for the implementation of transport projects. Conclusions. The State's participation in project financing through PPP mechanisms when implementing transport infrastructure projects in Russia can help improve the attractiveness of long-term projects with high capital expenditures due to a more efficient and flexible distribution of risks and responsibilities among the key partners, and it also contributes to the achievement of national transport objectives significantly.

Features of application of informational networks in the field of transport infrastructure

The concepts of universality and general applicability of information networks as well as the issues of using networks in specific directions are considered in the article on the example of the convergence of transport infrastructure and information networks. An analysis of modern information networks has been carried out and the following three main directions have been identified: infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, software as a service. The basic principles of convergence of information networks and transport infrastructure are presented on the example of a transport and logistics system. The issues of use of the modern information technologies for continuous monitoring of transport infrastructure are considered.

Transport security in terms of digitization

The authors consider in the article the issue of ensuring transport security in Russia both from the standpoint of the lack of an appropriate approach to formation of educational programs for the training of legal personnel that can meet the “challenges” of scientific and technological progress, and the need for increased attention to the trends of modern scientific research, which serve as a basis for formation of a legislative framework aimed at regulating public relations in the field of fighting crime in this industry. The issue of formation of human resources corresponding to a high level of professionalism, rationality, competence and mobility is indicated by the rapid “complication” of crime in the field of transport infrastructure caused by the development of IT technologies and introduction of robotic controls based on the work of artificial intelligence. One of the solutions to the problem identified by the authors should be creation and implementation of a new training course, the conceptual basis of which should be built on the principle of a modular system, but combine the existing traditional approaches of legal education in order to prepare competitive personnel that can meet the “intellectual challenges” of modern reality, which is a direct reflection of connection between science and knowledge (Scientia est potentia). The publication was prepared as part of the implementation of the state task for 2020. “Transformation of private and public law in the conditions of an evolving individual, society and state” (No. 0851-2020-0033).

Transport infrastructure of the Rostov Oblast: Problems and prospects for development in the context of national projects implementation

Subject. The paper considers national projects in the field of transport infrastructure, i.e. Safe and High-quality Roads and Comprehensive Plan for Modernization and Expansion of Trunk Infrastructure, and the specifics of their implementation in the Rostov Oblast. Objectives. The aim is to conduct a statistical assessment of the impact of transport infrastructure on the region’s economic performance and define prospects for and risks of the implementation of national infrastructure projects in conditions of a shrinking economy. Methods. I use available statistics and apply methods and approaches with time-series data, namely stationarity and cointegration tests, vector autoregression models. Results. The level of economic development has an impact on transport infrastructure in the short run. However, the mutual influence has not been statistically confirmed. The paper revealed that investments in the sphere of transport reduce risk of accidents on the roads of the Rostov Oblast. Improving the quality of roads with high traffic flow by reducing investments in the maintenance of subsidiary roads enables to decrease accident rate on the whole. Conclusions. In conditions of economy shrinking caused by the complex epidemiological situation and measures aimed at minimizing the spread of coronavirus, it is crucial to create a solid foundation for further economic recovery. At the government level, it is decided to continue implementing national projects as significant tools for recovery growth.

Wykorzystanie partnerstwa publiczno‑prywatnego w realizacji inwestycji samorządowych

Włączenie partnerów prywatnych do realizacji zadań publicznych przyczynia się przede wszystkim do zwiększenia efektywności gospodarowania w sektorze publicznym oraz przyspieszenia rozwoju jednostek terytorialnych. Partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne (PPP) jest narzędziem wspomagającym rozwój infrastrukturalny, przy jednoczesnym ograniczaniu wielkości wydatków publicznych. Od początku 2009 r., w którym zawarto pierwsze umowy w formule PPP, głównymi inicjatorami projektów pozostają jednostki samorządu terytorialnego. Celem artykułu jest ocena wykorzystania partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego w Polsce w latach 2009–2019. W artykule zwrócono również uwagę na bariery, które ograniczają rynek PPP w Polsce. Inicjatorem PPP w Polsce są przede wszystkim samorządy szczebla lokalnego, które realizowały najwięcej projektów w dziedzinie infrastruktury transportowej. Najbardziej aktywne były podmioty publiczne położone w regionach najlepiej rozwiniętych gospodarczo. Bariery, które ograniczają rynek PPP, występują najczęściej w obszarze: instytucjonalnym, finansowym, prawnym, postawy oraz wiedzy i umiejętności. W przezwyciężaniu barier niezbędne jest zwiększanie wiedzy w zakresie projektów PPP w celu upowszechnienia współpracy publiczno-prywatnej jako nowoczesnego sposobu realizacji zadań publicznych.

ON THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE CITY OF PENZA

The article is devoted to the choice of the strategy of spatial development of the city of Penza. Domestic experience of spatial development strategy application for the largest cities is considered, territorial and recreational resources, transport infrastructure of the city are analyzed. The strategy of spatial development of the city of Penza, based on the principles of compactness and polycentricity in respect of territorial development, multimodality in the fi eld of transport infrastructure and the principle of continuity in the development of natural and recreational framework.

PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR STATE REGULATION OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

Introduction. Effective functioning of transport infrastructure is a basic condition for modernization of the Ukrainian economy and improvement of the quality of life of the population. Currently, there are no effective tools and techniques for comprehensively assessing the effectiveness and priority of project implementation within public-private partnership (PPP) models.The research hypothesis is to find out how public-private partnerships can act as an effective tool for government regulation of innovative development of transport infrastructure.The aim is to conduct a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the efficiency of the implementation of projects in the field of transport infrastructure using PPP models.The methodology of the study is the apparatus of system, economic and statistical analysis, construction of mathematical models, with their subsequent computer implementation.Results: clarified the concept of public-private partnership in the field of transport infrastructure; systematic analysis and classified models of PPP were carried out with identification of their main features; identified the main factors and parameters (financial and economic characteristics of the projects) that determine the effectiveness of PPP in transport infrastructure and proposed algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of PPP projects; performed research on the ranking of characteristic risks for transport infrastructure projects, performed ranking of characteristic risks; a mathematical model of risk assessment of PPP projects in transport infrastructure has been developed; practical recommendations are given to improve the mechanism for assessing the efficiency and priority of implementation of transport infrastructure development projects based on PPP.Conclusions: it is proved that ranking and implementation of public-private partnership models on the basis of the developed basic principles (payment, competitiveness, equality of all economic agents in access and in the right of PPP contract negotiation) allows to realize the benefits of a comprehensive PPP mechanism for each of its participants. The practical recommendations of the mechanisms for assessing the risks and priorities of PPP projects in the field of transport infrastructure will improve their implementation by further shaping the overall environment of PPP development, enhancing the support and guarantees of the state and developing a unified concept of PPP mechanism development in Ukraine.

Chinese Investment in Transport Infrastructure in the EU: a Stimulus for Development of Bilateral Trade?

Under the Belt and Road Initiative, particular importance is attached to transport networks development projects, including the creation of optimal transport routes and reorientation of existing supply chains based on the interests of China. This implies the active participation of Chinese companies in investing, financing and implementing projects in the field of transport infrastructure. The article examines the impact of Chinese investment in EU transport infrastructure facilities on the volume of freight traffic between China and the EU through these facilities. Most of the real Chinese investment are directed to the development of port facilities. European airports are also of great interest to Chinese investors, however, under the influence of many factors, only a few projects are successful. China is making significant efforts to establish direct rail links with EU countries. Nevertheless, the share of this type of transport is not yet comparable with freight turnover by sea and air, and future development is limited by a number of factors. Currently, COSCO’s investment in the Greek port of Piraeus is the only example of a significant increase in cargo turnover between China and the EU through an infrastructure under control, however, some ongoing projects could potentially repeat the success of COSCO in the near future. The author concludes that the approaches of the Chinese leadership to the transport infrastructure development are varied. Failures in the implementation of separate projects and the cautious attitude of Brussels towards Chinese investments do not stop China’s planned efforts focused on the long term perspective.

CIVIL LAW REGULATION OF CAR SHARING

The digital economy is currently evolving, society is rapidly moving into the digital age. At the same time, environmental problems and limited resources are gradually changing their attitudes toward their consumption culture: there has been a tendency to shift from a consumer society to a sharing economy, characterized by the collective use of goods and services. These trends are manifested in various areas, including in the field of transport infrastructure. Currently, car sharing is defined as a type of short-term car rental. The legislator does not provide a definition of what type of lease agreement can be attributed to car sharing, does not provide clarity and analysis of the contracts that are proposed to be concluded with the sharing companies. The car sharing agreement is proposed to be treated as a rental agreement, a non-crewed rental agreement, as a mixed or as an unnamed agreement, which requires a more detailed study of the indicated problem.

Railway Construction Investments in Poland – Selected Issues

Rail transport generates lower external costs related to environmental pollution in comparison to other means of transport. Sustainable development and environmentally friendly attitudes are increasingly used in present construction projects. Railway investments usually involve large projects in the field of transport infrastructure (megaprojects in transport infrastructure). Construction and modernization encompasses railway lines and overhead lines, engineering structures, buildings and railway traffic control devices. In the case of railway projects, numerous different risk factors that are not reflected in other construction projects may exist. Such investments typically generate high costs and require appropriate methods to manage risk factors. Effective project management relies primarily on the precise recognition of its characteristics, existing conditions as well as political and economic situation in its environment. The paper describes mechanisms related to implementation of railway construction investments in Poland in the context of the financial perspective planned for 2014 - 2020 period. In addition, formal and legal environment existing on the railway market has been analysed.

The Financial and Economic Aspects of Transport Infrastructure Development in Latvia

Abstract This paper is devoted to topical issues in the development of transport infrastructure as a key component of the transport system of Latvia. The level of development of transport infrastructure is measured by specific economic indicators, which in their turn depend on the volume and efficiency of acquisition of sources of funding. The paper sheds light on the economic indicators of the development of the transport infrastructure in Latvia and issues of funding of this sector. The data contained in this paper reveals the size and directions of public investment in the transport infrastructure development. The paper focuses on the necessity to create the effective investment mechanism for financing the transport infrastructure of Latvia as a useful instrument in making investment decisions. Based on the theory of decision making the authors developed Investment Decision-Making Concept, which can be used when selecting investment projects in the field of transport infrastructure and their evaluation. This paper is based on the litera ture review of previously published papers of these authors. The authors refine their conceptual approach for developing an investment decision making mechanism, proposed in earlier papers, and offer recommendations aimed at policy-makers, professionals, academics and those with a broad interest in the field.

Legal Collisions Concerning Public-and-Private Partnership in the Field of Transport Infrastructure

The authors consider that, though the infrastructure projects are rather expensive this problem can be solved by the means of concession agreements. The article presents the current situation review as well as the niceties of the legal regulation in the field of state contract and concession of public-and-private partnership. Both positive and negative tendencies are revealed. Attention is paid on the tension, which arose in the relationship between the Federal Antimonopoly Service and the participants of the projects, concerning the possibility of the further conclusion of such concession agreements. The authors analyze the validity of the contradicting parties’ positions. They prove, that is quite possible to make some legislation amendments which will allow to avoid claims of Federal Antimonopoly Service in the future, but the matter is that the development of the concession form of projects implementation might be slowed down sufficiently.