Field Of Telephony Research Articles

РОЛЬ МАРІУПОЛЬСКОГО ПОВІТОВОГО ЗЕМСТВА У СТАНОВЛЕННІ І РОЗВИТКУ ТЕЛЕФОННОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ У МАРІУПОЛЬСЬКОМУ ПОВІТІ НАПРИКІНЦІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.

The research purpose. The article, based on the materials of the Mariupol district zemstvo and national regulations governing the field of telephone communications, highlights the process of formation and development of this industry in the Mariupol district in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The prerequisites and background of this process, which was largely made possible by the private initiative of foreign firms Siemens & Halske and Bell Telephone Company, as well as the initiative and experience of local governments in developing communication networks, are investigated. The methodological basis of the study is a sample and chronological analysis of the activities of the Mariupol district zemstvo in the development of telephone communication in the district. The main research findings. The author describes the activities of the Mariupol district zemstvo in organising the telephonisation of the district's settlements in the early twentieth century: interaction of the Mariupol zemstvo administration with colleagues from the Bakhmut district zemstvo and study of their experience in telephonisation; development of principles and rules for the use of telephone networks in the district, identification of sources of funding for the construction of telephone lines and their maintenance. If we characterise the tariff policy of the Mariupol district zemstvo in providing telephone services to subscribers, we can note that it was quite loyal and flexible, taking into account the previous unsuccessful experience of the same tariffs for all categories of subscribers of the Bakhmut zemstvo. This contributed to increasing demand for telephone services in the district and the rapid construction of new lines, which led the Mariupol administration to increase its own working capital expenditures on construction from 2,100 rubles in 1909 to 21,028 rubles in 1913. The article also shows the problems in the development of telephone communications both in the Mariupol district and in the state as a whole due to the monopoly established by the imperial government in 1885 in the sphere of communication and numerous bureaucratic obstacles, contractors' dishonesty. Conclusions. So, despite all the problems, during 1909-1913, the Mariupol district zemstvo made a significant contribution to the development of telephone communication in the Mariupol district. The zemstvo's interest in this area was driven by the active participation of the region's population in the processes of economic and social transformation caused by rapid industrialisation. Thanks to constant initiative, financial efforts, studying the experience of the Bakhmut district zemstvo, which was one of the leaders in the field of telephony among other district zemstvos at the national level, and cooperation with the Bakhmut zemstvo, in 1909-1913 the active work of the Mariupol district zemstvo was very successful and contributed to the rapid construction of an extensive telephone network in the district, facilitated various activities of the zemstvo on the ground, and improved the quality of life of the population of Mariupol district through the possibility of using more accessible and cheaper telephone communication compared to other districts of the Ekaterinoslav province. Key words: Mariupol district, Mariupol district zemstvo, telephone communication.

Ivan Mestrovic’s Bronze of Michael Pupin at Columbia University

ABSTRACT Michael Idvorsky Pupin (1858–1935) is best known for his pioneering work in electrical engineering and for his contributions to the fields of telephony and telegraphy. Less well known is his career as an academic and scientist at Columbia. This article centers on the history of the bronze bust of Pupin created by the Croatian sculptor Ivan Mestrovic (1883–1962) as a personal gift to the scientist, and which now stands in the hallway of Pupin Hall, Pupin’s renamed laboratory, at Columbia. Pupin, who had been born in poverty in what is now Serbia, was actively involved in the Pan Slavic movement to create Yugoslavia after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I (WWI) as was Mestrovic.

Alexander Graham Bell (170th birthday anniversary)

A brief overview of the main works and achievements of Alexander Graham Bell, an educated teacher for the hard of hearing and public figure, author of 30 US patents, is mainly given in the field of telephony and sound recording and reproduction. Biographical information about the Bell family, as well as some interesting facts from his life and activities are given. Scotsman by birth, A. Bell from his youthful years was carried away by the acoustic features of the human voice apparatus and devoted his entire life to teaching the deaf to the perception of oral speech. The first success in this field Bell reached, opening a private school for the deaf in Boston. Bell's creation of the phone was the result of his attempts to facilitate communication with the hard-of-hearing and led to the development of mass communications technology around the world. Alexander Bell is also known for his achievements in the design of hydroplanes, hydrofoils and as one of the founders of the popular magazine National Geographic. He was awarded many honorable awards and academic titles.

A.D. Blumlein—engineer extraordinary

A.D. Blumlein was possibly the greatest British electronics engineer so far this century. By the time of his death in 1942 at the age of 38, he had been granted 128 patents—on average one for every six weeks of his working life—testimony to an inventive genius who made a major impact in the fields of telephony, electrical measurements, sound recording, television and radar. His full biography has yet to be written.

The work of the International Telecommunication Union in the field of telephony

FEW ENGINEERS in North America are familiar with the work of the International Telecommunication Union or are even aware of its existence. This paper discusses the Union; its organization, how it functions, and what it is doing in the field of telephony. It also gives an assessment of the value of this work and an appraisal of its significance to the communication developments in the United States and Canada.