Field Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

Household solid waste management systems in Ukraine taking into account European experience

The article defines that the solid household waste management system is a complex of organizational, technical, economic and social measures aimed at effective collection, sorting, transportation, utilization and processing of solid household waste. An effective solid waste management system helps to ensure sustainable development, reduce the negative impact on the environment and promotes the use of waste as a resource for new products or energy. The article presents the experience of Germany, Sweden and Poland in the field of solid waste management. The peculiarities of such management are described for each of the countries. It has been established that the organization of the solid household waste management system in European countries differs in a number of features, which are determined by environmental standards, social values and strategies of sustainable development, which are aimed at solving problems related to the generation, storage, processing and utilization of waste. We propose directions for improving the solid waste management system in Ukraine, namely: development and implementation of sorting systems in households (will allow more efficient use of resources and ensure their further processing); introduction of extended producer responsibility; increasing the number and development of modern facilities for the processing and secondary processing of solid household waste; attraction of investments for the introduction of the latest technologies in the processing of solid household waste; implementation of effective incentive systems for enterprises engaged in secondary processing of solid household waste; implementation of modern technologies for tracking the volume of solid household waste, its composition and transportation routes; creation of digital platforms for information exchange between waste management, enterprises and citizens; development of programs and educational activities to increase environmental awareness of the community and their active participation in the solid waste management system; revision and improvement of legislation to meet modern environmental requirements; introduction of effective fines and incentives for enterprises and citizens that comply with or violate solid waste management requirements. Improving the solid waste management system in Ukraine can be achieved with the participation of state bodies, the business sector and the public, relying on the best experience of the European Union and other countries.

Role of Technology in Solid Waste Management: Social Enterprise in a Pandemic

COVID-19 has changed the world. The pandemic was a public health crisis with profound implications for society. Accordingly, the quantum of waste generated also went up especially fast. The global nature of the pandemic demanding global communication and coordination, also required locally adopted responses for specific reasons like lack of opportunity to network and create bonding and bridging ties as lockdown conditions prohibited human interactions. This situation that needs the substitution of human interactions and communication with technology however did not encourage strong ties and only allowed for the sustenance of weak ties along with pressures of financial sustainability on the social enterprise in solid waste management (SWM). This research paper attempts to explore whether the SWM social enterprises could remain true to their mission in these uncertain times or would need to replace their true beneficiaries with technology. This would then test their aspects of ‘mission agility’ versus ‘mission drift’ as discussed in the article. The findings also lead us to conclude that a fine balance between objectives of value capture and value creation in determining the switch over to technology by SWM enterprises underscored the importance of social mission to them. The data for this research was collected through qualitative and semi-structured interviews of Project Managers / Program Coordinators of various organisations working in the field of SWM.

Tariff setting for solid waste management services in Kazakhstan: problems and ways to solve them

The improvement of the pricing mechanism in the field of solid household waste management (MSW) is due to the need to transition to a sustainable waste management system. The current state of affairs in the field of solid waste management is characterized by chronic underfunding. Regulatory documents on the current regulatory instruments in this area do not fully implement the regulatory impact on the financial provision of the sphere of solid waste management. In this regard, the problem of scientific research and the search for ways to improve the efficiency of the process of tariff formation for solid waste management services is extremely urgent. The article provides a critical analysis of the normative primary sources for calculating the tariff for solid waste management services and determining the norms for the formation and accumulation of municipal waste (CO). The results of experimental author's studies of calculating tariffs and determining norms in retrospect over recent years with the identification of local features in their dynamics are presented, recommendations are given to improve the organization of sample observations in determining norms, as well as determining the volume of waste exported. Based on the logic of the economic factor analysis of the regulatory model of tariff calculation, the problematic provisions of the current methodology for calculating the need for financial resources for the collection and transportation, sorting and disposal of solid waste, determining the annual tariff per unit of solid waste and determining the rate of formation and accumulation of CO, appropriate recommendations have been developed to eliminate the identified problems. The conclusions and recommendations of the study will be useful to state bodies, local representative and executive authorities, economic entities, experts interested in the development of the sphere of solid waste management.

Preface

The 5th Symposium of International Waste Working Group – Asian Regional Branch (IWWG-ARB) is a forum to provide an academic discussion to encourage and support economic and ecological (sustainable and integrated) waste management worldwide and to promote scientific advancement in the field. This symposium was held at Mercure Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, starting from 6th to 8th March 2023. More challenges emerge in a current more volatile, uncertain, complex, ubiquity environment, so it needs innovation and new approach. Innovation and a new approach to overcoming challenges should also be informed for decision-makers, aimed at influencing legislation, education, or providing practical applications. This purpose will be accomplished by learning from the past and analyzing the present, so that it will develop new ideas, scenarios, and visions for the future.With those objectives, the IWWG was conceived as a think tank based on scientific principles but essentially application-oriented. In addition, the IWWG has a light, non-bureaucratic organization which allows us to focus on a variety of subjects, react efficiently to relevant problems in the field of solid waste management, and communicate effectively within the professional community. We would like to thank the keynote and invited speakers for their contributions to this symposium. The following is:Prof. Pinjing He (Tongji University, China)Prof. Jae Young Kim (Seoul National University, Republic of Korea)Prof. Agamutu Pariatamby (Sunway University)Prof. Evangelos Gidarakos (IWWG President)Dr. Costas Velis (University of Leeds, UK)Prof. William Clarke (University of Queensland, Australia)Prof. Sandyha Babel (SIIT Thammasat University)Dr. Benno Rahardyan (Bandung Institute of Technology)The entire organizing committee that made this event successful was:List of Organizer, Outline of Committee are available in this Pdf.

Pyrolysis mechanism and recycling strategy of end-of-life photovoltaic modules based on the experiment and the density functional theory

Recent advancements in renewable energy have enabled a reduction of fossil fuel usage. However, the so-called energy waste, such as end-of-life (EoL) photovoltaic (PV) modules, has become a simultaneous emerging issue in the field of solid waste management. Debonding of ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) copolymer is critical for recycling EoL PV modules. The separation of organic substances may be done effectively using pyrolysis technology. Therefore, in this work we investigated the pyrolysis characteristic and mechanism of EVA. Based on TG, TG-FTIR, and Py-GC/MS, the pyrolysis products and pyrolysis characteristics of EVA were examined. Activation energies and reaction mechanisms were determined through iso-conversional model-free and model-fitting methods. Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the pyrolysis mechanism of EVA was discussed. Our research shows that the pyrolysis technology can almost completely decompose EVA without residue and the EVA pyrolysis can be divided into two stages. Combined with DFT calculation, it was found that in the stage Ⅰ, acetoxy was removed to generate acetic acid, and in the stage Ⅱ, the main chain of EVA was broken to generate olefins. The recycling strategy based on two-step pyrolysis of Eol PV modules was accordingly proposed.

LDI-MVFNet: A Multi-view fusion deep network for leachate distribution imaging

The accurate monitoring and early warning of groundwater pollution caused by the concealed leakage of landfills is a major challenge globally in the field of solid waste management and groundwater protection. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) represents a potential solution with advantages, owing to its fast and nondestructive characteristics. However, traditional ERT based on a single array cannot reveal the distribution and dynamics of pollution in complex underground media owing to the limited information it carries. We designed a novel deep network for multi-view fusion to invert the real resistivity distribution of the medium caused by leachate (named LDI-MVFNet) so as to infer the distribution of leachate. To support model establishment and validation, ERT instances collected from synthetic models and a salt tracer experiment were inverted. We compared the inversion results of the LDI-MVFNet with those of single arrays and found that the LDI-MVFNet performed the best overall. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of synthetic models reached 0.98, performing better than Dipole–Dipole (3.86), Wenner–Schlumberger (3.37), and Pole–Pole (6.61), which were inverted separately. The resultant inverted subsurface true resistivity data were presented in the form of two-dimensional (2D) cross sections. The imaging results of 2D cross sections showed that LDI-MVFNet was superior to others in data noise suppression and inversion accuracy. The results of this study indicate that the data fusion of multiple views can more accurately reflect the real resistivity than the inversion of a single array can.

Recent advances in applications of artificial intelligence in solid waste management: A review

Efficient management of solid waste is essential to lessen its potential health and environmental impacts. However, the current solid waste management practices encounter several challenges. The development of effective waste management systems using advanced technologies is vital to overcome the challenges faced by the current approaches. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool for applications in various fields. Several studies also reported the applications of AI techniques in the management of solid waste. This article critically reviews the recent advancements in the applications of AI techniques for the management of solid waste. Various AI and hybrid techniques have been successfully employed to predict the performance of various methods used for the generation, segregation, storage, and treatment of solid waste. The key challenges that limit the applications of AI in solid waste are highlighted. These include the availability and selection of applicable data, poor reproducibility, and less evidence of applications in real solid waste. Based on identified gaps and challenges, recommendations for future work are provided. This review is beneficial for all stakeholders in the field of solid waste management, including policy-makers, governments, waste management organizations, municipalities, and researchers.

Understanding barriers and motivations in solid waste management from Malaysian industries: a comparative analysis.

The objective of this study is to explore the similarities and differences in the barriers and motivations between the plastic and resins and food and beverages industries as these two industries are the major contributors of solid waste in Malaysia. Prior studies are lacking with regard to explaining the barriers and motivations in solid waste management from the Malaysian context. This study is focused on 10 firms from the plastics and resins industry and 9 from the food and beverages industry in Malaysia. Through Rasch measurement theory, the results indicate that the barriers of lack of skills and qualifications and lack of closed-loop control and the motivations of cost savings and a business model are performed differently. The findings further confirm that the lack of skills and qualifications is a more difficult barrier to overcome than the lack of closed-loop control, while the motivation factor of a business model is more difficult to achieve than cost savings. In terms of practical contribution, this study provides results that can help policy makers in Malaysia to close the gaps present regarding the adoption of solid waste management practices and to devise appropriate incentives. The study also supports managers of companies in regard to working on the most pressing hindering and promoting factors in the field of solid waste management.

Innovative Approach to Business Development in the Field of Waste in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Object: To research business development opportunities based on the principles and models of the closed-cycleeconomy in the field of solid household waste (SHW).Methods: General scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, hypothetical method) and special methods (formal-logical method, statistical analysis).Results: An analysis of the formation and processing of solid waste in the country revealed problems in this area. A comparative analysis of solid waste processing in Kazakhstan and non-CIS countries, as well as the profitability of waste recycling business in developed countries, showed that the waste sector is a prospective niche for the development of “green” business. The foreign studies contribute to the relevance of the use of business models of the circular economy, which implies the processing of waste into secondary raw materials and its use at different stages of the production process. The research identified the obstacles hindering the development of innovative businesses in the field of waste; suggested ways to solve the problems of the MSW sphere.Conclusions: The results depict that there is a significant potential for the development of an innovative business for the processing and recycling of waste in the field of solid waste management in Kazakhstan. To further develop this area, it is recommended to use the principles and business models of the circular economy, to create favorable conditions for entrepreneurial activity.

Environmental Practices of Waste Management in the Small Towns of the European Part in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the negative consequences for the environment from the constant increase in the amount of municipal solid waste. The most vulnerable in this situation are small towns in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The remoteness, inaccessibility, as well as the difficult socio-economic situation of these settlements are serious obstacles to achieving both the effectiveness of the implementation of the reform of production and consumption waste management, and the goals of sustainable development of the region. The purpose of the article is to identify the value foundations prevailing in environmental consciousness and the prevailing types of environmental behavior of the population of small towns in the European part of the Russian Arctic in the field of solid waste management. Materials and Methods. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted by a questionnaire survey in August-November 2020 in the Arctic territories of the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region. The number of respondents is 1303. The questionnaire method is used to carry out a mass representative survey of residents of the Arctic territories on the problem of municipal solid waste. Statistical methods for processing quantitative data makes it possible to identify the main correlations between variables in relation to grassroots practices in the management of municipal solid waste by gender, age and place of residence of the respondents. Results. The paper shows the findings of a sociological study, during which the peculiarities of the perception of the population of small towns in the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region of environmental problems were identified and an assessment of the degree of threat to the environment from illegal dumps and household waste was given. The authors studied the direct practices of handling household waste and the willingness of respondents to change the traditional poorly environmentally oriented behavior to environmentally conscious actions. Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed that the problem of the increasing amount of MSW is relevant and causes a high degree of concern among the population. At the same time, the majority of respondents implement behavioral practices that indirectly affect the environment. The decisive problem for the population of remote areas of the Russian Arctic is the poor organization of the waste management process: lack of investment attractiveness for business, low level of infrastructure development, little funding, which determines low motivation and mobilization of the population to master various environmental practices. The results obtained can be used by regional and municipal authorities, regional operators and specialists of environmental nongovernment organizations.

Opportunities for the Formation of an Ecological Culture of University Students Through the Implementation of a Social Project for the Management of Solid Municipal Waste

The article describes the assessment of the practice of active participation of university students in the implementation of activities of the social project “Organization of environmental education and the formation of environmental culture of the younger generation in the field of solid waste management.” The aim of the study was to form the ecological culture of university students through their participation in environmental education activities as part of a social project. The methodological basis for studying the problem of environmental education and the formation of environmental culture of university students is represented by the works of E. V. Girusov, S. N. Glazachev, A. N. Zakhlebny, I. D. Zverev, A. N. Leontyev, N. N. Marfenin, S. L. Rubinshtein, A. D. Ursula, V. A. Yasvin and others. The research methods are: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization of scientific literature on the research problem, psychological and diagnostic testing. In the course of the study ascertaining stage implementation, the diagnostics of the level of the ecological culture formation of university students has been carried out. The results have showed the presence of a problem – an insufficient (average) level of ecological culture formation, which indicated the need for work aimed at its further formation. The formative stage has been aimed at attracting volunteer students to participate in the project, through the organization and conduct of environmental campaigns, creative contests, events for environmental education and education of the target group, helping to form their understanding of the importance of separate collection and recycling of waste. The study of the possibility of the ecological culture formation of university students has not been completed, it is planned to conduct a control stage to assess the effectiveness of environmental education work.

An implementation framework of blockchain-based hazardous waste transfer management system.

The rapid increase in volume and types of hazardous waste (HW) due to China's continuous economic growth makes it significant to conduct HW safety management. However, due to the information asymmetry between the regulators and regulated institutions, problems such as illegal dumping and statistical fraud are common in hazardous waste transfer (HWT) activities. Moreover, there is a severe problem of information isolated island among waste production, transportation, and treatment companies in the HW market. Promoting the information monitoring and tracking of the whole process of HWT is the main challenge for HW management. Blockchain provides an ideal solution to overcome the above challenges. This study developed a framework for the blockchain-based HWT management system, which could support government regulators to obtain relevant information in HWT and improve the efficiency of HWT. The HWT management system was introduced in detail from different perspectives, including infrastructure, blockchain service, functions, and users, emphasizing six information management functions. Finally, the positive impact and various challenges encountered in implementing blockchain in HWT management were discussed. This study applies blockchain to the research field of HWT management, which expands the application of blockchain in the field of solid waste management with great theoretical and practical significance.

Стратегічні напрями вдосконалення стимулюючого механізму публічного управління у сфері поводження з твердими побутовими відходами

Актуалізовано питання вдосконалення стимулюючого механізму публічного управління в сфері поводження з твердими побутовими відходами (далі – ТПВ). Обґрунтовано неефективність існуючих механізмів і запропоновано мобілізаційні заходи щодо покращення публічного управління в цьому напрямку. Встановлено, що функціональна спрямованість стимулюючого механізму полягає у досягненні мети публічного управління в сфері поводження із ТПВ, вихованні культури поводження з відходами та консолідації діяльності суб’єктів у напрямку охорони навколишнього природного середовища.

Public health risk management in international companies

The positive impact of the introduction of labor protection standards (OH&S) in the organization is recognized by governments, employers, and workers. However, knowledge of its effective use in small and medium-sized enterprises is still limited. This case study aims to provide a better understanding of how the implementation of integrated management systems (IMS) affects the improvement of the risk management process in the field of occupational safety in medium-sized businesses. Particular attention was paid to employee awareness of the effectiveness of risk management. The study was conducted in companies working in the field of solid waste management, certified in 2009 with IMS for quality–environment, health, and safety. The development of accidents before and after the introduction of IMS was analyzed, and Internet resources were used to describe the perception. Finally, it has been demonstrated that there has been an improvement in the accounting for accidents at work and that IMS has brought more involvement to risk management activities, but their participation has not yet been reached the desired level.

Role of Modern Technologies and Internet of things in the field of Solid Waste Management

The process of handling solid waste becomes complex and tedious due to the urbanization and industrialization of the most developing and developed countries. These solid waste issues if it is not addressed properly it affects ecosystem and environment. There is a possibility of many health-oriented issues especially during the pandemic period covid-19. Most of the human beings are struggling with respiratory pulmonary diseases, asthma caused by these solid wastes. Most of the governments are also spending huge amount of money for labors, devices and some technologies to tackle these solid waste issues. There is also an opportunity for the government to generate revenue from these solid wastes by properly sorting these waste into recyclable, nonrecyclable and bio-degradable wastes. But when humans are involved in sorting these waste it will cause some diseases and hygienic problems. So,in order to address the above said issues in this work the role of modern technologies, algorithms and some Internet of things (IoT) methods are discussed. Implementing these technologies in the future will save huge amount of money spent by the government for the solid waste management activities.

Face Mask Consumption and Medical Waste Generation During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: Challenges and Problems

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a devastating pandemic scenario in the world. The mortality rate has increased and new socio-economic challenges are emerging. Millions of gloves, gowns, face masks, and face shields are used daily to prevent airborne transmission and facilitate the treatment of COVID-19. Mismanagement of these wastes can lead to increased concerns due to their contamination potential. A comprehensive plan to improve the management of medical wastes in every country requires awareness of the current status of solid waste. Objectives: The study aimed to calculate and estimate the consumption rate of face masks and medical waste generation rate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Also, the performance of different departments of medical waste management and future challenges are discussed. Methods: The daily consumption of face masks and medical waste generation were calculated based on the population data, the percentage of the urban population, face mask acceptance rate, the number of face masks needed per person per day, total COVID-19 confirmed cases, and medical waste generation rate (kg/bed/day). Results: The consumption of face masks in Iran is estimated at 46576000 pieces per day. Also, the three provinces of Tehran (9,560,000 pieces), Khorasan Razavi (3,825,600 pieces), and Isfahan (3,523,200 pieces) have the highest consumption rate of masks, respectively. Increasing the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased the medical waste generation rate. Until April 3, 2021, more than 1,920,394 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in Iran, and calculations show that the medical waste generation rate in Iran is about 7,585.56 tons per day. Conclusions: COVID-19 is a highly infectious and problematic disease. The continuous increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has increased face mask consumption rate and medical waste generation rate, and as a result, new challenges have emerged in the field of solid waste management. These emerging challenges in managing solid waste during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitate the development of appropriate waste management policies and strategies.

What does ‘risk’ mean in municipal solid waste management?

In the field of solid waste management, key concepts such as risk, impact and hazards have been used interchangeably and have had imprecise meanings and scopes; this can lead to a partial or biased vision, for example in relation to municipal solid waste management policies. This paper analyzes the use and diverse meanings of the concept of risk and its components in the scientific literature that addresses the issue of urban solid waste, from 1970 to 2020. It shows that the concept has been approached from various perspectives and interpretations. Economic and health crises can surprisingly increase risks and waste as in 2020. Waste composition has changed, since protective equipment against the coronavirus has been mixed with household waste. Of all risk components, vulnerability has been the least addressed in the literature, because technical aspects such as hazard modelling predominate in this field. Most of the publications have studied the final disposal stage, given that open dumpsites and landfills are still the most common methods for disposing of solid waste. Finally, a reference framework is proposed.

Prediction of Solid Waste Generation Rates in Urban Region of Laos Using Socio-Demographic and Economic Parameters with a Multi Linear Regression Approach

This paper aims to develop a predictive model for Laos to generate reliable statistics for urban solid waste from 1995 to 2050. The multi-linear regression (MLR) approach is used with six different socio-demographic and economic parameters, i.e., urban population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urban literacy rate, urban poverty incidence, urban household size and urban unemployment rate. Different reliable models are generated under four different scenarios. The value of R2 (a relative measure of fit) and value of performance indicators (an absolute measure of fit) such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are calculated to assure the validity and accuracy of the results. Model 2 of Scenario 4 is estimated as the best model, where population and GDP per capita show statistical significance for estimating urban solid waste generation rate in Laos. The amount of municipal solid waste is estimated to be 0.98 million tons (MT) in the year 2030, 1.26 MT in the year 2040 and 1.52 MT in the year 2050, assuming that the present waste generation trends will be followed in the future. Moreover, the study provides an easy and detailed explanation of the work which will increase the interest of researchers, allow them to understand the MLR approach clearly and inspire them to use it for other developing countries where the scarcity of data is a major obstacle in the field of solid waste management. The drawback of the study is the limited availability of historical official and reliable data statistics in Laos for the dependent and independent variables.

Municipal solid waste and risk from 1970 to 2020

In the field of solid waste management, key concepts such as risk, impact and hazards have been used interchangeably and have had imprecise meanings and scopes; this can lead to a partial or biased vision, for example in relation to municipal solid waste management policies. This paper presents a review of the literature on the theme of municipal solid waste and risk. Analysis of scientific publications from the years 1970 to 2020 shows that the concept of risk in the field of solid waste has been approached from various perspectives and different interpretations. Of all risk components, vulnerability has been the least addressed in the literature, because technical aspects such as hazard modeling predominate in this field. Most of the publications have studied the final disposal stage, since open dumpsites and landfills are still the most common methods for disposing of solid waste. Finally, a reference framework is proposed.

Factors of influence on the implementation of public administration in the field of solid waste management

Factors of influence on the implementation of public administration in the field of solid waste management