Field Of Powder Technology Research Articles

Synthesis of tin (II) sulfide: Determination of the reaction kinetics through calorimetric techniques

In the last ten years, the search for new application materials has become one of the “must” in the field of powder technology. Particularly, as regards solid lubricants, concerns in the use of compounds containing Lead and Antimony have been raised, since the former is classified as a carcinogen and the second such as a suspect one. Therefore, as consequence of both more and more stringent law requirements for environmental emissions and low impact on human health, safe and cheap materials are strongly demanded. As the sake of example, Tin (II) Sulfide, SnS, has been widely tested and found to be not only technically superior with respect to other alternatives but also safer from the environmental point of view. Despite these properties, its development has been limited by the relatively high synthesis costs compared to its competitors.The aim of this work is to determine the kinetics of a safe “dry” batch process for the production of SnS using only cheap calorimetric techniques. The results obtained from this study (synthesized in a series of equations describing the dynamics of the process) have shown that a simple but complete calorimetric analysis is able to overcome the main criticality that characterizes a dry synthesis involving Sulfur and Tin: that is, the difficulty in the reactor temperature control (danger of thermal runaway) due to the extremely fast and high exothermicity of the reaction and the low thermal capacity of the reacting mixture.

An Expert System for Powder Selection Using EXSYS-CORVID

In this study, a part of a complete Expert System (ES) for powder technology is presented. It deals with the powder selection according to predetermined recommended or required material properties and specific powder characteristics. This leads to the determination of the most common powder production (i.e., processing) method, which satisfies the specified powder requirements for a specific application. For this purpose a detailed functional prototype expert system is developed using a rule-based knowledge representation model. The expert system is designed to acquire knowledge from the user then give recommendations. The inference engine, EXSYS-CORVID, is used as the development tool. The forward and backward chain technique is utilized, thus the reverse process is also be possible. Therefore, the system will determine or assign some primary powder characteristics and production method to satisfy or achieve the required product and vice versa. The developed expert system is flexible, easy to be implemented, modified and extended. The system displayed excellent performance and typical illustrative examples are shown. The proposed system is believed to assess in increasing productivity in the field of powder technology and increases the profitability and competitiveness of the process in a modern ever increasing industries.

Recent Inventions in Powder Technology and Granular Science Incorporating Improved Drug Delivery

Controlled drug release and drug delivery are always emerged as the area to which medicinal technology is extensively inclined. Thanks to the latest inventions and all the patents in the ambit of drug delivery, powder technology and granular science which provide the pathway to effectively control the diseases in conjunction with the latest available techniques. In this paper, exploration of various latest processes and methods for drug delivery are reviewed and information regarding novel inventions and patents in the field of powder technology and granular science, useful for drug delivery; are presented to the point and all the original inventions appreciated. The hands on information related to the work done for improvement of flow behavior of medicaments, types of apparatus and processes discovered provide good tool for improving the existing facilities for drug delivery. Keywords: Drug delivery, powder technology, granular science, powder inhaler, particulate flow, coating, drug release, medicament powder, powder formulation

Conditions Providing Optimum Separation

It is generally accepted in the field of powder technology that the most objective quality criterion for the optimization of separation is the Hancock criterion. In this article, use an analytical procedure to show disadvantages of this criterion. I also apply the same analysis to show the objectivity of the entropy criterion for the optimization of separation processes. A simple objective relationship for the optimization of separation processes of pourable materials is derived on the basis of the entropy criterion.

Fundamentals of powder compression. I. The compactibility and compressibility of pharmaceutical powders.

In spite of the widespread use of tablets, the theoretical understanding of the tableting process has been limited. During the last decades considerable research has been done in the field of powder technology and compaction. A survey of the literature and compression equations reveals many studies on the characterization of powder properties, most of which relate to volume reduction under pressure, i.e., to the compressibility of the powder bed. For practical purposes, however, it is also important to know the compactibility of a powder bed, i.e., the ability of a powdered material to be compressed into a compact of specified strength. This strength has to be defined, e.g., as radial tensile strength or deformation hardness. Thus the first part of this review comprises the theory of powder compression of individual substances, compression parameters, compression equations, and mechanical properties of compacts, including compact strength tests and compact hardness tests.