Field Of Motor Skills Research Articles

Content Analysis of Postgraduate Theses About the Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Physical Activity in Türkiye in 2010-2023

The aim of this study is to evaluate the postgraduate theses on the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and physical activity registered at the YÖK National Thesis Center between the years 2010-2023 and to examine these theses using the headings of descriptive features, content and methodology. A total of sixty-one (61) theses, forty-four (44) master's theses and seventeen (17) doctoral theses, on the relationship between ASD and physical activity between the years 2010-2023 were included in the study. The data of the study were obtained by using the document review model, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and analyzed by the content analysis method. Within the scope of the findings obtained from the study, it is seen that the postgraduate theses were mostly published between the years 2019-2023 and most of them were completed at Gazi University. The findings obtained show that the master's (49.9%) and doctoral (47%) theses were mostly carried out in Health Sciences Institutes. Thirty-three (33) studies were conducted in the Department of Physical Education and Sports, including twenty-one (21) master's theses (47.7%) and twelve (12) doctoral theses (70.5%). In addition, four (4) master's theses (9%) and two (2) doctoral theses (11.7%) were conducted in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching. A total of twenty-seven (27) studies, nineteen (19) master's theses (41.3%) were conducted by advisors with the title of Assistant Professor, while ten (10) doctoral theses were conducted under the leadership of advisors with the title of Prof. Dr. (%47.6). The sample group of the master's and doctoral studies mostly consists of individuals/children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In addition, the sample group in master's theses (51.5%) and doctoral theses (28.2%) consisted of parents. Of the master's theses in the years 2014-2018 and 2019-2023, 29-30% were studies completed in the field of motor skills and 11-12% in the field of social skills. Of the doctoral theses in the years 2019-2023, 36.8% were studies completed in the field of motor skills and 15.7% in the field of social skills. It was seen that the examined master's and doctoral theses were mostly completed in metropolitan cities such as Istanbul and Ankara. Again, it was understood that postgraduate theses were mostly completed in special education and rehabilitation centers. Quantitative research was mostly applied in postgraduate theses (79.5% of master's degrees, 64.6% of doctoral studies) and the majority used the criterion sampling method (47.7% of master's degrees, 76.4% of doctoral studies). It was also seen that both master's and doctoral theses were conducted in experimental and case study research models. While test battery (41%) and scale (17.9) were used in master's theses, observation form (19.9) and scale (19.9) were used in doctoral theses. Finally, criterion sampling and random sampling methods were preferred in both master's and doctoral theses. As a result, it was seen that the studies completed on individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) increased between 2019-2023 and focused especially on motor skills and social skills.

Bola Bali Maning Games Movement Activity to Physical Fitness Improvement

Elementary school children experience development in all aspects, both in terms of physical, psychological and sociological. In the field of motor skills, elementary school-age children have entered basic movement patterns and becoming skilled requires practice. They also need training for social maturity and physical fitness improvement. Games combined with the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) approach can develop physical abilities, movement coordination, psychology, and social skills according to the characteristics of elementary school students. The purpose of this study was to produce a product model for learning physical fitness material for elementary school students in grades II with the TPSR approach. The research design used is Research and Development. This research was conducted in elementary schools in the Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. The entire population was used as a research sample of 209 students. Data collection techniques using observation. The experimental data were analyzed descriptively analytically. The results showed that the physical education development model of fitness material with the TPSR approach was carried out through the Bola Bali Maning (Back Ball Match/ BBM) games. The results of small-scale and large-scale tests for assessing attitudes, knowledge and skills in physical fitness material show that the TPSR approach has an effect on student character with a p-value for each assessment of 0.000 0.05. It can be concluded that the development of a physical education learning model for fitness with the TPSR approach through BBM games is effective in improving students' knowledge, attitudes and skills.

Socio-Culturally Different Motor Skills of Czech Children with ASD Aged 7-10 Years Assessed by the Test TGMD–3

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with gross motor development delays and a limited ability to imitate human movements. Early intervention in the field of motor skills is crucial both from the point of view of the need for comprehensive care for these children and to increase their quality of life. Diagnostic evaluation tools for use in practice are a necessary prerequisite for targeted intervention programs. The Test of Gross Motor Development–Third Edition (TGMD-3) is declared for use in children with ASD (Ulrich, 2019). The TGMD-3 was developed in the USA and consists of two subtests – Locomotor and Ball skills. The Ball skills subtest contains culturally different elements such as strike stationary ball and underhand throw, performed according to US practice. For these reasons, modifications have been made in some countries in the European socio-cultural environment (Wagner et al., 2017) that do not include these elements typical of the US environment. The aim of this study was 1) to record and describe the reactions of children with ASD to culturally different elements in the ball skills subtest in the TGMD-3 motor test and 2) to compare their evaluation with other items of this subtest.
 
 Methods: This pilot study included 16 children with ASD aged 7-10 years. A total of 1 girl and 15 boys were evaluated by the TGMD-3 motor test using visual support. (Allen et al., 2017) Four independent examiners assessed participants' physical performance by following the instructions of the Examiner's Manual Test TGMD-3 3.
 
 Results: The results of the study are presented in the form of case studies of individual participants, which allow for further research in this heterogeneous population of children with ASD with better descriptive and comparative possibilities than statistical numerical expression. The limited ability to imitate, which is characteristic of children with ASD, is likely to have a significant effect on culturally dissimilar designs, especially the Underhand throw. The two-hand strike of a stationary ball's culturally different skill was very motivating for children with ASD aged 7-10.
 
 Conclusion: The limiting factor for generalization to the entire population of children with ASD aged 7-10 in the Czech socio-cultural environment is their small number and heterogeneity, which were affected by restrictive measures during the Covid-19 pandemic. Further research using the TGMD-3 instrument in the Czech population has the potential to expand diagnostic methods in the field of motor skills and contribute to the possibilities of early physical intervention in children with ASD.

Coherence Among Children’s Verbal, Mathematical, Non-Verbal and Motor Skills

The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between the level of cognitive abilities and motor skills of children in younger school age. The research group consisted of 150 children (boys 77, girls 73) from the 1st stage of primary schools in the Czech Republic with an average age of 9.35 ± 0.61 years. The MABC-2 (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2) test battery was chosen to determine the level of motor skills in children. Cognitive abilities with a focus on verbal, quantitative component and fluid intelligence were monitored through the Cognitive Ability Test (CAT). The research was assessed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Education, Palacký University in Olomouc. Data were obtained within the project IGA_PdF_2021_017. The obtained data indicate the relationship between some components of the motor skills level and the observed components of cognitive abilities (p ≤0.05). A closer examination of the issue can help in the specific development of interventions in the field of motor skills in order to support the cognitive functions of the child.

Flipped Classroom for Motor Skills: What Factors Influence College Students’ Learning Effect?

The study of motor skills is an essential course item for college students. Many college teachers try to introduce the flipped classroom mode into the teaching of motor skills. However, the influence of this mode on the learning effect of college students’ motor skills is uncertain. This paper builds a research model on the basis of literature review. This model is used to analyze the influence factors of flipped classroom on the learning effect of college students’ motor skills. Through questionnaire survey and empirical analysis, we verified the research hypothesis of each factor. The results show that video technical action display, video feedback of students’ technical action, and teaching interaction have a significant positive impact on the learning effect of college students’ motor skills in the flipped classroom, while video theory teaching has no significant impact. This study expands the application of flipped classroom in the field of motor skills and enriches the relevant literature of flipped classroom mode. Based on the findings of this study, we make the following recommendations: (1) teachers can use the way of video recording to display technical actions of motor skills, (2) students can use video feedback to communicate with the teacher about the learning of motor skills, and (3) flipped classroom needs to pay attention to the teaching interaction between teachers and students.

REGRESSION ALGORITHMS IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS ON 60-M SPRINT

The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between morphological parameters and motor skills that are important for sprint performance in children aged 8 to 16 years divided into four age groups (U10, U12, U14, U16) in both genders. The sample consisted of two hundred eighty one participant who trained sprinting in various athletic clubs. A prediction set of twenty-five variables for assessing morphological characteristics and motor skills was applied, and the criterion variable was a sprint at 60m. Using multiple correlation, it has been established that a large number of morphological characteristics are statistically significant positive correlation with the sprint, especially the longitudinal variables, while the variables of skinfolds showed a low negative statistical significance in relation to the given criterion. In the field of motor skills, the highest number of positive statistically significant correlations were found in the tests of explosive power of the upper and lower extremities, agility test and horizontal and vertical jump tests. In order to determine which morphological features and motor skills should be applied in sprint running training, we tested related attributes using different algorithms for data mining (LR, M5, KNN, SVM, MLP, RBF). The results suggests that the predictors that we use can continue to be applied with high reliability in assessing sprint performance, but also in the monitoring of the training process in order to profile the better sprint achievements.

Um estudo de interações de perceção e desempenho - imagem corporal, capacidade físicas e motoras - com um grupo de menin@s do 1.º ciclo

The behavior and motor-physical performance of the child in the primary school or 1st cycle varies greatly with their physical and psychological profile. At school, not only do curricula reinforce cognitive activities more, but there are still many dissimilarities due to gender preferences, socially transmitted from childhood. With this study, of relationship between the areas of psychology, education and the sciences of sports, we try to determine several factors: a. physical characteristics - body mass index - BMI; b. perception of physical characteristics, body image profile and motor performance; c. physical ability (flexibility, abdominal strength, agility); d. motor performance in striking childhood skills (throwingand kicking, rolling forward, jumping rope). This analysis of perception and performance wasperformed in a group of children (n = 35- 54.3% boys and 45.7% girls) of a school for two consecutive years (3rd and 4th years), in order to if they confine their quality of life.Data analysis was performed from the SPSS - version 25th and we used a variety of statistical tests (mean, st.deviation), comparative [Qui Square (X2) and U Mann-Whitney] and correlational [Bravais-Pearson (r) ]. Our results allow us to conclude that a higher percentage of boys tend to present values for the higher physical parameters and there are gender differences only in the 3rd year - as the body image decreases with age. Girls tend to be more flexible and boys are more agile and fast and there is a relation to weight perception - in the 3rd year. In the field of motor skills, it is not skipping, specifically in the number of jumps performed that there are greater gender differences, still the result of many existing social barriers.

Meta-Analysis of Scientific Papers in the Field of Motor Skills from Volleyball Published in the Journal Sport Mont 2006-2016

Meta-Analysis of Scientific Papers in the Field of Motor Skills from Volleyball Published in the Journal Sport Mont 2006-2016

Age-related differences in processes organizing goal-directed locomotion toward emotional pictures

Previous studies yielded evidence for an interaction between age and valence in numerous cognitive processes. But, to date, no research has been conducted in the field of motor skills. In this study, we examined the age-related differences in the organization of an emotionally goal-directed locomotion task. Faced with a pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral picture displayed to the side of a stop button, younger and older adults were instructed to walk toward the button (intermediate goal) and push it to turn-off the picture (final goal). Kinematic and ground reaction forces were recorded. The main findings indicated that older adults’ response times (RTs) did not differ across the valence picture. The fastest RTs were found in younger adults when faced with pleasant pictures, suggesting that older people may focus either on intermediate or final goals, depending on their value of pleasantness, and prioritize positive goals. We also found that the spatial coding of locomotion (trajectory and final body position) was affected in the same way by the valence of the intermediate goal in both age groups. Taken together, these findings provide new perspectives regarding the potential role of the emotional valence of the intermediate and final goals on the cognitive processes involved in action coding, such as in mental representations of action in older adults.

Motor skills of children with autistic spectrum disorder

The contribution contains results of a research of motor skills of children with autistic spectrum disorder. The group of children represents besides major triad of symptoms, also described difficulties in the field of motor skills. Our aim to find out what motor skills of these children are in comparison with intact population and what differences are found in individual motor items, i.e. in fine motor skills, gross motor skills and in balance. The data was gained with the use of standardized Movement Assessment Battery test for Children 2 (MABC-2). Objective testing of this group of children is relatively difficult. There were successfully tested 36 children with ASD during this phase of research. The research demonstrated evident motor disorder at 86% of children in the observed sample. Statistically significant were worse results in the field of fine motor skills compared to the results in gross motor skills and balance.

Neurobehavioural development of preschool‐age children born to addicted mothers given opiate maintenance treatment with buprenorphine during pregnancy

To study the neurobehavioural development and somatic growth of children at preschool-age born to opioid-addicted mothers given opiate maintenance treatment (OMT) with buprenorphine during pregnancy. Twenty-eight children, whose 21 opiate-addicted mothers were treated with OMT during pregnancy and accepted participation to the study, went through a battery of neurobehavioural tests (WPPSI-R, McCarthy, BROWN and SDQ). Twenty-five children fulfilled the tests at an age of 5-6 years. The children showed evidence of serious visual motor and attention problems in the field of performance (WPPSI-R scales) and major problems in the field of motor skills and memory abilities (McCarthy Scales). The results of behavioural tests also showed significantly elevated levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and attention problems on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scale in BROWN and in SDQ tests estimated by the teachers, while the parents estimated no problems for their children. Regarding the outcomes, there were no significant differences in terms of neonatal abstinence syndrome, gender or socio-economic factors. The somatic growth of the children corresponded to the mean values of the normal population in weight, length and head circumference at birth and at preschool-age, respectively. Children to opiate-addicted mothers with buprenorphine maintenance treatment during pregnancy constitute a risk population, which should be recognized before start of the school. Whether the effects are associated with buprenorphine exposition during foetal life or not are discussed and need further investigation.

Perception Bibliography: I. Introduction

In 1949, we mimeographed the first issue (6) of the Motor Skills Research Exchange. This publication in 1955 (7) became Perceptzcal and Motor Skills. We were interested in bringing together intellectually, if not physically, the many, but geographically scattered, researchers in the field of motor skills. As a part of our editorial activities, we undertook to prepare an exhaustive bibliography of publications dealing with motor skills. This bibliography, which by now lists over two thousand items, and has covered Psychological Abstracts from 1933 (1) to 1956 (3), was designed to meet and has met a number of research needs. It is useful as a checklist to anyone wishing to make a quick preliminary survey of the literature in some area of skills research. Because the indexes in Psychological Abstracts were not intended to and did not cover explicitly most such areas, and because the headings in these indexes changed from time to time, we felt that an exhaustive bibliographic listing, on the broadest topical basis of which we were capable, would be desirable. Since there. were (and still are) no definitive reviews of work on the great majority of skills problems, the investigator must engage in the most elementary sort of preliminary search. What better starting point for this search, we reasoned, than a nearly complete bibliography, referring to specific abstracts which could be read to decide whether further study of a particular article seemed worthwhile? We also believed that by preparing such a bibliography, we could call the attention of investigators to neglected aspects of skills research which might have potential relevance to their own work. At the time we started the bibliography in 1949, it seemed reasonable to assume that all we needed to do was to start where Dr. McGeoch had left off in 1931 (5), bring the bibliography up to date, and then keep it there. We have since realized that it will be necessary to go back to Baldwin's dictionary (4, 8) and the Psychological Index, as well as earlier volumes of Psychological

The Relationship between a Relatively Complex Motor Skill and Its Components

The present study attempts to analyze certain relationships between two-hand and one-hand tracking performance. In two-hand, or total-task, tracking, the Ss may respond simultaneously with left and right hands; in one-hand, or part-task, tracking, the Ss use only one hand. The scores obtained by groups of Ss performing in the part-tasks were used to predict the scores of the total-task of other Ss. The predictions were made by taking advantage of the geometric relationships between the totaland part-tasks. Analyses of this type are important for understanding the structure or composition of certain complex skills. Over the long run, the general aim is to formulate laws by means of which the composition of relatively complex psychomotor activities can be described in terms of part-skills and relations between part-skills. Though relational terms, or terms of interaction, have been assumed by practically all S-R theorists, no notable data bearing on this issue appear to exist in the field of motor skills. One way of proceeding would be to combine an S's part-scores in some fashion, and then to compare this predicted score with the score of his total-task. Such a method would, of course, deal with the prediction of individual differences in total performance by means of observations of individual differences in separately practiced, component performances. The present treatment is different, the study by the use of individual differences still being incomplete. The method used here was to combine the part-scores of separate groups of Ss in order to estimate what other groups would do on the total task. Thus, a test is made of how successful is the prediction of two-hand performance from data on the difficulty of separately performed constituent responses when the part-scores are combined in a simple additive fashion. The adequacy of the combining rule is then evaluated in terms of the part-part interactions suggested by the data.