The review sums up the achievements of recent years in the field of hybrid systems containing living microorganisms and single mammalian cells, polymers, nanoparticles, and inorganic bio-mimetic shells. The authors paid special attention to the methods of creating and classifying these systems. Several approaches to the formation of hybrid systems were emphasized, including the direct deposition of nanomaterials onto the surface of organisms, the functionalization of organisms by thin polymer films, the polymer-mediated immobilization of nanomaterials, and biomimetic encapsulation. Methods for the practical applications of hybrid systems are suggested. The final chapter describes, approaches to the formation of multicellular clusters of microorganism single cells via the integration of the cells into a synthetic polymer matrix on a structured surface or their three-dimensional self-assembling onto various templates.