Field Of Flow Analysis Research Articles

3D-printed flow system for determination of lead in natural waters

The development of 3D printing in recent years opens up a vast array of possibilities in the field of flow analysis. In the present study, a new 3D-printed flow system has been developed for the selective spectrophotometric determination of lead in natural waters. This system was composed of three 3D-printed units (sample treatment, mixing coil and detection) that might have been assembled without any tubing to form a complete flow system. Lead was determined in a two-step procedure. A preconcentration of lead was first carried out on TrisKem Pb Resin located in a 3D-printed column reservoir closed by a tapped screw. This resin showed a high extraction selectivity for lead over many tested potential interfering metals. In a second step, lead was eluted by ammonium oxalate in presence of 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR), and spectrophotometrically detected at 520nm. The optimized flow system has exhibited a linear response from 3 to 120µgL−1. Detection limit, coefficient of variation and sampling rate were evaluated at 2.7µgL−1, 5.4% (n=6) and 4 sampleh−1, respectively. This flow system stands out by its fully 3D design, portability and simplicity for low cost analysis of lead in natural waters.

Finite Volume Computational Fluid Dynamics Package for Solving Convective Heat Transfer Cases

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has brought a step change in the field of flow analysis, particularly in the areas of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, which are intertwined. It has carved a niche in applications where, a decade back, experimentation was the only way forward. This article covers the benchmarking of convective heat transfer cases through the use of CFD software. The cases investigated are common cases of heat transfer involving free convection and one case involving forced convection. The results from CFD analysis are compared with the regressions available for each test case. The two sets of data coincide well, with a percentage difference as low as 0.4%. Information on setting up CFD analysis accurately, particularly for solving problems of natural convection, is also included.

Small crack growth in mutiaxial fatigue: Reddy, S.C. and Fatemi, A. Proc. Conf. Advances in Fatigue Lifetime Predictive Techniques, San Francisco, California, USA, 24 Apr. 1990 276–298

The development of 3D printing in recent years opens up a vast array of possibilities in the field of flow analysis. In the present study, a new 3D-printed flow system has been developed for the selective spectrophotometric determination of lead in natural waters. This system was composed of three 3D-printed units (sample treatment, mixing coil and detection) that might have been assembled without any tubing to form a complete flow system. Lead was determined in a two-step procedure. A preconcentration of lead was first carried out on TrisKem Pb Resin located in a 3D-printed column reservoir closed by a tapped screw. This resin showed a high extraction selectivity for lead over many tested potential interfering metals. In a second step, lead was eluted by ammonium oxalate in presence of 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR), and spectrophotometrically detected at 520 nm. The optimized flow system has exhibited a linear response from 3 to 120 µg L−1. Detection limit, coefficient of variation and sampling rate were evaluated at 2.7 µg L−1, 5.4% (n=6) and 4 sample h−1, respectively. This flow system stands out by its fully 3D design, portability and simplicity for low cost analysis of lead in natural waters.

Flow injection analysis and chromatography: twins or siblings? Plenary lecture

The purpose of this survey of liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis, which reveals their common background and shared features, the various novel approaches possible and the lack of a unified theory, is to highlight the compatibility of these techniques and to promote the interaction and exchange of ideas between areas of the newly emerging discipline of “injection techniques,” in the field of flow analysis.

Theoretical Backgrounds of Flow Analysis

I. INTRODUCTION A. What Is Flow Analysis? To most workers in the field of flow analysis it appears to be self-explanatory that what they are doing is flow analysis (FA), and they will easily quote many advantages of their system. Nevertheless, it is not easy to properly define what flow analysis is. Even more difficult is defending its advantages against other semiautomatic or automatic analysis methods, in general, because of the wide variety and the fast development of both FA and other instrumentation. A very broad definition of FA might be that in flow analysis the transport of the sample from the place of sampling to the waste (or back to the sampling area in case of recirculation) through stages of various kinds of manipulation like separation, chemical reaction, heating or cooling, detection, etc. is done by imparting the sample or an aliquot of it into a flowing stream. The flow moves the sample through the spatially separated stages of the analysis process in an automatic way.