Field Of Corporate Finance Research Articles

State ownership and SMEs’ performance in Vietnam

The debate on the impact of state ownership on firm performance has drawn considerable interest from both scholars and professionals in the field of corporate finance. However, prior research has primarily focused on listed firms, whose characteristics differ from those of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Hence, this paper investigates how state ownership influences SMEs’ performance. The sample includes 5,092 firm-years from over 2,000 SMEs with state ownership in Vietnam from 2013 to 2019. The model was estimated using three regression methods, including fixed effects, random effects, and pooled ordinary least squares. The results show that state ownership is positively associated with SMEs’ performance. This finding implies that state ownership creates competitive advantages for SMEs rather than reducing their performance. Therefore, policymakers should consider the advantages and disadvantages of privatizing state-owned SMEs or reducing state ownership in these enterprises. Moreover, investors should divert their capital to state-owned SMEs and increase their value.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND VALUATION OF SELECTED UK LISTED COMPANY: A CASE STUDY

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the financial analysis and valuation of UK listed companies, with the aim of gaining insight into the financial performance and operational position of Hill and Smith Plc and other key players in the industry. Theoretical Framework: In this study, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research include the irrelevance theory, trade off theory, pecking order theory and market timing theory. These theories explain the underlying factors that determine the financing and valuation choices of listed firms. Method: The study adopted the net assets valuation, dividend discount model, free cashflows, earnings model, comparative companies, and comparative transactions valuation methodologies. The study adopted Hill and Smith Plc as a case study, extracting relevant data from its annual financial records. Results and Discussion: The study revealed a +4.17% abnormal return, suggesting an exceptional performance. It compared financial positions with peers like Morgan Advanced Materials and Keller Group, employing multiple valuation methods. The earnings model indicated a share price of £14.1, suggesting a potential overvaluation in the stock market at £10.0 per share. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of corporate finance and valuation. These implications impact various stakeholders such as the researched firms, investors, and academia. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the valuation methodologies employed in the study, emphasisng the importance of accurate valuation techniques in informing investment decisions.

Do selected board governance mechanisms strengthen the link between institutional and macroeconomic variables and the financial flexibility of corporations? Empirical evidence from an emerging economy

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationship between institutional and macroeconomic factors and corporate financial flexibility while also investigating the moderating impact of selected board governance mechanisms on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of the study comprises 174 firms listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange for a period of eight years, from 2014 to 2021. Data were collected from secondary sources, and both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used for analyses.FindingsCorporate financial flexibility is notably affected by profitability as an institutional factor and by gross domestic product growth rate and banking sector development as macroeconomic factors. Furthermore, the relationship between a company’s profitability and corporate financial flexibility is found to be moderated by selected board governance mechanisms. However, these governance mechanisms do not influence the relationship between corporate financial flexibility and other institutional factors (i.e. other than profitability) and macroeconomic factors considered in this study.Originality/valueThis study adds a fresh perspective to the existing body of knowledge in the field of corporate finance by emphasizing the interaction effect of board governance mechanisms on the association between macroeconomic and institutional variables and financial flexibility of firms. The findings are expected to be useful for business decision-makers in managing their corporate financial flexibility effectively and maximizing the use of their financial resources.

The Role of Personal Traits in Financing Decisions: Emotional Biases as a Mediating Variable – An Empirical Study of a Sample of French Companies

This article discusses the advantages of behavioral methods in the field of corporate finance by examining three main variables: personal traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) as independent variables, financing decisions as a dependent variable, and emotional biases as an intermediary variable. This approach provides a different perspective from traditional rationality theories and allows for an analysis that can fill some of the gaps related to the financing structure of the company. In addition, this study aims to find a framework for reading the personal traits of managers and knowing their impact on financing decisions through emotional biases.

Pengaruh Return on Asset, Return on Equity Terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Food and Beverage yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2019–2021

This research aims to investigate the influence of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) on share prices in manufacturing companies in the Food and Beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2021 period. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with certain criteria. Ten companies were selected as samples from a population of 47 Food & Beverage Manufacturing companies after applying the purposive sampling method. Analysis was carried out through multiple regression and hypothesis testing using the partial t-test, simultaneous F test with a significance level of 5%, and coefficient of determination test. This research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) with stock prices in the context of Food and Beverage manufacturing companies. The results of this research are expected to provide a significant contribution to academic and practical literature in the field of corporate finance. Therefore, this research has relevant implications for investors, company management, and interested parties in making investment decisions in the Food and Beverage sector.

The Development of CAPM Model and Its Application in the Field of Corporate Finance

In the modern financial world, when investors make capital market investments, they are often confused about what kind of portfolio can bring the maximum benefit return with the minimum risk. This paper mainly studies the theoretical basis of CAPM and the application field of the model. In order to clearly summarize the CAPM model, this paper evaluates and summarizes the relevant research results of CAPM in stock investment and structure optimization in different literatures through the method of literature review. Finally, this paper finds that CAPM, as a single factor model, is convenient for users to calculate data, but in the actual use of the market, it is not suitable for investors to rely on because of too idealized assumptions and the risk coefficient.

The modern mathematical models in economics and finance

With this article, we open a new section in this journal: the application of mathematical methods in economics and finance. A few topics we would like to discuss to get started are corporate finance, investments, business valuation, taxation, and ratings. We describe shortly mathematical models in these areas. In the field of corporate finance, we discuss the foundations of two main theories of capital structure, the Modigliani-Miller and the modern theory of Brusov-Filatova-Orekhova (BFO theory). We compare them and describe the differences between them and their results. In the field of investments, we describe two modern investment models: (1) with debt repayment at the end of the project and (2) with uniform debt repayment and discuss their properties and applications. In business valuation, we discuss the problems that exist in this area and ways to solve them. In rating methodology, a new approach is devoted to the rating of non–financial issuers, as well as to long–term and arbitrary duration project rating. The key factors of a new approach are the adequate use of discounting of financial flows virtually not used in existing rating methodologies, and the incorporation of rating parameters (financial "ratios") into the modern theory of capital structure (Brusov–Filatova–Orekhova (BFO) theory). This article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical mathematical methods and models based on first principles. The novelty of this consideration is due to the fact that we are considering and discussing recently developed mathematical models in economics and finance.

Risk Prevention and Effective Control of Enterprise Financial Accounting

In modern enterprise management, financial accounting plays a vital role, and its risk control and prevention mechanism has a far-reaching impact on the stable operation and long-term development of enterprises. This study focuses on the analysis of the risk factors existing in the field of corporate finance and accounting, and reveals the key defects in the current risk management practice, including the lack of risk awareness, outdated management mode, backward control means and the imperfection of internal control system. These issues not only limit the flexibility of companies to respond to market changes, but also increase the risk of financial instability. To this end, the study puts forward a series of practical strategies to strengthen the awareness of risk prevention, promote the modernization of financial accounting supervision mode, optimize the internal control system, and establish an effective risk early warning mechanism.

Understanding Financial Decision-making in Corporations: A Qualitative Inquiry into Leverage, Market Efficiency, and Financial Policy Implications

This qualitative inquiry delves into the intricate landscape of financial decision-making within corporations, aiming to shed light on leverage decisions, market efficiency dynamics, and financial policy implications. Employing thematic analysis, this study systematically reviews existing literature from academic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The research synthesizes insights from peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports published within the past decade, employing rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and credibility. The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of leverage decisions, revealing a complex interplay of factors such as tax policies, industry norms, and growth opportunities. Moreover, the significance of market efficiency in financial decision-making is confirmed, despite challenges to the assumptions of the efficient market hypothesis posed by anomalies in stock returns and behavioral biases among investors. Additionally, financial policy implications emerge as pivotal in guiding corporate operations, encompassing dividend policy, capital structure decisions, and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations. The study advocates for a holistic understanding of financial decision-making processes, integrating insights from finance, economics, and sustainability. From a managerial perspective, the findings offer actionable insights for practitioners, emphasizing the importance of contextual factors, behavioral insights, and effective governance mechanisms in navigating the complexities of corporate finance. This research contributes to advancing knowledge in the field of corporate finance and provides guidance for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers in enhancing financial decision-making practices.

Transformation of corporate law: quasi-corporate and quasi-public structures

The purpose of the research is to study certain aspects of transformation of corporate relations and corporate law, in the light of blurring of company boundaries and development of digital communications and startup culture. The results and conclusions are obtained based on general scientific and private scientific methods of research. Research studies examples of quasi-corporate and quasi-public structures created through (1) deferred share transfer agreements (SAFE), (2) crowdfunding agreements, (3) public market intermediary companies (SPAC), (4) exchanges for private companies. With the emergence of cross-border hybrid corporate structures at intersection of debt and equity, public and private financing, the current debates on the objectives of corporate law and the purpose of the corporation acquire a new perspective, as the very boundaries of the corporation become fluid. At the same time, decision-making procedures are mediated by third parties and digital technologies, with the prospect of conflict of interest, and are regulated, among other things, by standards emerging so to say from below. In the digital era, flexibility in the choice of elements of the structure allows to detach from the current state corporate regulation and attach to it in the right place and at the right time. It is concluded that the explosive growth of hybrid structures forms new areas of development of legal regulation by rejecting the dichotomy of soft and hard law. Among the vectors of transformation, the growing importance of private law unifications, the development of theoretical apparatus based on the concept of transnational law, the emergence of its subsystems, including lex corporatoria are noted. Among the tasks of lex corporatoria the formation of standards and customs in the field of corporate finance is also postulated as a regulatory framework for functioning of the hybrid structures under study.

Learning to Transform by Implementing AI into Administrative Decisions – Disruptive Mindset as the Key for Agility in the Crisis

The Objectives of the research paper are investigations in how a disruptive Mindset can have effects on interaction by representatives of German Authorities in times of crisis. The interdisciplinary focus of human transformative learning maybe sets linking options to machine learning approaches to speed up qualified decision making. The Approach is in addition to an introduction of implementation strategies for AI technology in the local governance of German Municipalities, what competencies of persons in charge are required to get use of technological possibilities. In this respect, the investigation bases on findings of three studies in field of “scenarios for AI in the public sector”, “AI as impact on competencies in the field of corporate finance” and “competencies in a digitalized working environment”. The Results concern the understanding what preconditions for human and AI-oriented learning systems are necessary in suitable scenarios of public sector performance. Also, convergent competence structures, based on transformative learning theories, should show a way for implementation based on models for interaction in critical situations. The Value of the paper lies in the combined View of administrative requirements in relation to learning-strategies considering technological scenarios of AI for professionalize the decision-making processes in times of Covid-19 pandemic crises.

The Role of Corporate Governance as Moderating Variable Between Capital Structure and Mining Company Performance

The performance of a company has been becoming an interest of academics in the field of corporate finance since a decade ago. Mining companies are an important industry for the government as sources of funds to finance the country's development. However, studies on the relationship between capital structure and company performance which is moderated by corporate governance are very limited, especially in Indonesia's context. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between capital structure and company performance which is moderated by public ownership as a proxy of corporate governance. We apply the agency theory to underpin these relationships. We use the moderated regression analysis to accept or reject the hypothesis. However, the classical assumptions must be satisfied before proceeding to the regression analysis. The findings show that company performance which is measured by Stock return is about 42.99% on average. In addition, capital structure is about 39,73%, with Supervisory Board Independence of 38,11%. The mean value of company size is Rp 26.54 Triliun with company's age is 13.60 years old. The regression result shows that there is no effect of interaction between capital structure and corporate governance on company performance. These results have a practical and theoretical contribution. The phenomena of mining company performance can not be explained by signaling theory in the sense that capital composition could not convey the valuable information for investors and they, therefore, are not influenced by this information in investment decision making. Supervisory Board Independence could not play its role as a monitoring mechanism of Management Board.

THE DETERMINATION OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING INDUSTRY IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Every economic sector, every single industry, every economy, and even every firm has its specific financial structure. Given that it is not possible to examine thousands of individual companies for scientific purposes, it is necessary to at least examine the differences between individual sectors, industries and countries. At the same time, the formation and optimization of the financial structure is influenced by a myriad of diverse factors that financial managers should take into account in their decisions. Thanks to these facts, more and more researches had been created for over half a century. This research expands knowledge in seven selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe – the Visegrád Group, Bulgaria, Slovenia and Romania. The aim of the research is to evaluate, based on the Generalized Method of Moments, the relationship between the six selected factors and the indebtedness level in companies belonging to the agricultural, forestry and fishing industry. The subject of the research is medium, large and very large companies during the years 2009 to 2016. The research deals with the influence of profitability, liquidity, asset structure, economic development, inflation and interest rates on the total, long-term and short-term indebtedness of companies. The main finding of the research is that companies are influenced by both internal and external determinants. However, even though the industry should be neutral, external determinants – GDP growth rates, inflation rates and interest rates – have a more significant impact on the debt level. The results of this research will not only extend current knowledge in the field of corporate finance, but at the same time, the results may be stimulating in setting support rules for public administration and even European institutions, as the selected industry is strongly linked to subsidy policies.

Corporate Cash Flow Transformation and Payment Space Digitalisation in the Eurasian Economic Union

Modern digital systems in the EEU do not meet the requirements for official methods of transferring funds, and are not appropriate for use in the field of corporate finance. As such, we propose the development of a modified digital system combining the principles and capabilities of traditional and innovative systems based on distributed registry technology.This should promote integration of national payment systems into the financial sphere under conditions of sanction burden, and low trust in the virtual world.First, we outline the features of corporate cash flows through digital financial assets transfer in a national digital system, and cross-border settlements within a common digital payment space. Next, we describe the possible roles of corporate structures and individuals in payment systems within an EEU common digital payment space. We combine methods of formal logic, historical and comparative analysis, modeling, and graphical interpretation. The study of the digital financial space was carried out on a selection of materials from the Russian Federation, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic.Our results illustrate the practical value of a new digital system in reducing the influence of intermediaries, and of integrating systems with different types of information into a common database. In addition, we indicate how the prevailing international digital transfer system will accelerate, simplify and reduce the cost of cash flow procedures for organisations.By leveling the need for an international digital unit, such a system will play an intermediary role. We identify the necessary conversion operations to achieve this.The scientific novelty of this study resides in the fact that there is no current analogue for the project proposed herein. As such, we present a large scale and straightforward roadmap for an ambitious and adaptive response to digital development opportunities, social evolution, and financial obstacles.

The Role of Risk in Firms’ Capital Structure Decisions

Despite the remarkable amount of research within the field of corporate finance, we still do not know why managers have different preferences with respect to the capital structure. Motivated by the contrasting empirical findings, this article’s primary objective is to propose and discuss a model that explains firms’ financing choices through the lenses of risk. The model identifies four possible objective functions related to the capital structure choice and to the allocation of capital to new investment opportunities. The main implication of the model is that firms do not have an ‘optimal’ capital structure. The propositions presented and discussed in this work can open new and promising research avenues, with the potential of shedding light on the ‘capital structure puzzle’.

Beruházások és finanszírozásuk kockázatai, kockázatkezelési trendjeik az elmúlt 10 évben

Áttekintve az utóbbi 10 év szakirodalmát, amely a vállalati beruházások és a finanszírozásuk kockázatainak kezelése kapcsán íródtak, jól látható az, hogy a kockázatkezelést és a problémamegoldást a holisztikus közelítés és a komplex problémakezelés hatja át napjainkban. A likviditási, finanszírozási és beruházási kérdések együttes vizsgálata lényeges, hiszen egy-egy döntés mindegyik területre hatással lehet, együtt befolyásolva a vállalati értéket. A beruházások vonatkozásában az értéknövelés a beruházás által generált cash-flowk simításán keresztül érvényesíti hatását. A vállalati pénzügyek területe az empirikus elemzésekben jól megfigyelhető módon élesen nem választható el a gazdálkodástudomány más területeinek kérdéseitől, sőt műszaki témáktól sem, mint ahogy a kockázatkezelésről is, jó ideje, integrált formában gondolkodnak. A fedezeti ügyletek (mind a pénzügyi, mind a működési) használata nélkülözhetetlenné vált a vállalatok menedzsereinek eszköztárában. A válság következményei számos olyan tanulmányt ösztönöztek, amelyek minderre igazolásul szolgáltak. Nagy figyelem jutott a tranzakciós költségekre, beleértve a szerződések költségeit illetve az ügynökköltséget, illetve az információs aszimmetria miatti veszteségeket. A viselkedési pénzügytannak főként a menedzseri döntéseket illető megállapításai szintén lényeges adalékot képeznek e területen.

Assessment of Measures for Tax Regulation of Transfer Pricing from the Standpoint of National Welfare

This article is devoted to development of mathematical models for resolving an actual scientific challenge in the field of corporate finance. This involves substantiating taxation policies for the counter-acting tax planning of multinational companies (MNC), and then devising and articulating the appropriate international taxation scheme, as evaluated from the position of national welfare policy. Based on an analysis of existing models of international taxation, and on the peculiarities of the actual mechanism of capital movement tax regulation, new models with equilibrium postulated have been developed.
 The primary mechanisms of this research involve the following considerations: (1) examination of an approach targeted at the determination of the final outcomes of international taxation from the perspective of national economies; (2) measures of tax planning on the part of MNCs, and corresponding counter-acting measures to the tax planning applied by governments, are taken as a complex.
 Our results indicate that because a government uses rules of controlled transactions, in order to counter-act MNCs’ tax planning, for the government the final outcome from an application of these rules may be negative. This is due to a possibility of MNCs’ development in convenient and offshore jurisdictions. This finding is illustrated by means of an approbation of models with a case study involving a three-tier structure.Further to this point, instead of additional revenues, a government is at a risk of a shrinking tax base and a reduction in budget revenues; and moreover from the perspective of national welfare, the additional loss of revenues and capital of MNCs. Therefore there is a significant importance in forming rules for MNC taxation policies which would focus not on taxes as such, but would focus on trying to keep capital within the territory and/or would facilitate the return of earlier divested income. This could be attempted, for example, by using the secondary adjustment rule in conjunction with a minimum tax on return.
 The novelty of this research resides in the specificity of our investigation and the applicability of our conclusions to the practical challenges of international taxation and national revenue policies. The peculiarities of this economic moment and the crucial challenges for national governments in dealing with MNCs and the digital economy underline the significance of this study. Our results expand and develop the existing literature in this ever-crucial area be of immediate use to policymakers, academics and administrators involved in national and international taxation, finance, economics, and analysis.

Forecasting Stock Market Returns: An Empirical Investigation for United Kingdom

Stock markets play a vital role in the economic development as a transmission mechanism through which savings are mobilized and adequately circulated across various economic sectors with a view to realize comprehensive growth. The current paper aims at identifying those factors that predict the stock market returns. For this purpose, a multivariate panel regression approach is employed. The empirical econometric model of the study is developed at two levels- firm level and macroeconomic level indicators. The annual panel data is constructed for 50 non-financial firms that are listed at London Stock Exchange during the period 2008-2017. We have employed robust Least Square estimation method.The findings showed that among financial performance factors, only net profit margin has significant predicting power for stock market returns. It presented signaling effect of net profit margin that attracts more investments. Moreover, we found that the selected set of macroeconomic factors have significant predicting power for stock market returns. Our paper contributes in the field of corporate finance as point of reference in the literature for the factors that predicts the stock market returns in the context of United Kingdom. In addition, it will eventually attract the attentions of academics, managers, policymakers, and investors. Keywords: Financial performance, Macroeconomic conditions, Stock market returns, Panel regression and Least Squares. JEL Codes: D22, G15 and F52. DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/12-1-03 Publication date: January 31 st 2020

Firm Level Determinants and Dividend Policy in Pakistan

Dividend policy is a challenge in the field of corporate finance. This paper finds out the important factors of dividend policy of Pakistani listed firms. The current paper aims to examine the impact of firm specific factors of dividend policy in Pakistan. The factors examine in this study are profitability, free cash flow, firm size, liquidity, financial leverage, investment opportunities and corporate tax. The data are collected from annual reports and Pakistan Stock Exchange. To accomplish the objective, financial data from 2000 to 2017 are collected and analyzed to examine the impact of firm level determinants on dividend payout. This paper used pooled ordinary least squares model and fixed effect model. The findings reveal that firm specific factors have significant influence on dividend policy in Pakistan. The profitability of firm and corporate tax has positive influence, whereas firm size and investment opportunities have negative impact on dividend payout. The implication of current research is useful for board of directors and managers to decide the appropriate dividend policy for firm. This study is also helpful for investors about investment decision. This research is a contribution to the existing body of knowledge about the determinants that influence dividend policy of Pakistani listed firms. Future researcher should use the same phenomenon in different emerging economies using the different approach to reduce the dividend puzzle in the field of corporate finance

The Economics of Bankruptcy: An Introduction to the Literature

This essay surveys important contributions to the economics of bankruptcy. It is an introductory chapter for a forthcoming volume (from Edward Elgar Press) that compiles the work of legal scholars as well as economists working in the field of corporate finance. The essay begins with the foundational theories of Baird, Jackson, and Rea and then collects scholarly work extending, testing, or revising those theories. At various points I identify questions that merit further study, particularly empirical testing.