Field Of Clinical Psychology Research Articles

Родительская приверженность лечению детей с психическими расстройствами как клинико-психологическая проблема

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>A child’s illness is a major challenge that imposes restrictions on all family members. Not all parents of sick children strictly follow medical prescriptions, which emphasizes the importance of developing recommendations to improve parental adherence to treatment. It is necessary to distinguish between the terms adherence and compliance, where the former emphasizes active participation, and the latter — the actual implementation of prescriptions without an emphasis on involvement. The purpose of the study is to systematize approaches to the problem of adherence to treatment to operationalize the concept of “parental adherence to treatment”.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods. </strong>The analysis of Russian and foreign studies of the concept of parental adherence was conducted. Russian works were selected based on relevance and availability of an evidence base for the study. Due to the low prevalence of the term in Russian studies, foreign sources had a great influence on the operationalization of the concept. Foreign sources were selected depending on the development depth of the problem and the representativeness of the sample to actualize the problematic of the phenomenon of parental treatment adherence in the field of clinical psychology. The following electronic resources were used for the analysis: eLIBRARY.ru, PubMed, ResearchGate, ConnectedPapers and others.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>The main components of the phenomenon of parental adherence to treatment are identified: following the recommendations of doctors and establishing trusting relationships between parents, medical personnel and the child. Such relationships contribute to more effective treatment and accompany the child in the rehabilitation process. Given the possible difficulties with accepting treatment, interpersonal interaction between parents and doctors helps to individualize the treatment plan taking into account the characteristics of each family. The authors provide a definition of the phenomenon of “parental adherernce to treatment”.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Currently, the problem of increasing the level of parental treatment adherence is emphasized by the parents’ lack of knowledge of child rehabilitation methods and their emotional rejection of the diagnosis. Therefore, operationalizing the concept of parental adherence to treatment will aid in formulating more useful recommendations on treating a child for parents.</p>

The evolutionary paths of clinical psychology studies in the United States: A bibliometrics illustration of 69k publications.

We aim to uncover the hot topics and development trends in clinical psychology research in the United States. Utilizing bibliometric analysis, we examined clinical psychology papers published in the United States from 2010 to 2022 in the Web of Science database, employing citation analysis, content analysis, author analysis, and journal analysis. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in clinical psychology research, notably catalyzed by the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic. This surge was particularly evident in studies addressing mental disorders such as PTSD, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors, as well as psychological trauma related to issues like family conflict, elder abuse, and collective trauma. Furthermore, there was a distinct shift towards studying diverse populations, including gender and racial minorities, mothers, and adolescents. Therapeutic approaches, such as mindfulness-based practices and AI-assisted technologies, also gained prominence. This study represents the first large-scale bibliometric analysis in the field of clinical psychology in the United States. Our findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of studying psychological issues linked to major events. Also, researchers are increasingly focusing on minority groups. This trend, along with the use of new technologies like big data and artificial intelligence, guides future research in clinical psychology. The works in this review suggest that the changing landscape of clinical psychology, especially post-COVID-19. The increased research post-pandemic emphasizes addressing psychological trauma arising from societal issues like family conflicts, elder abuse, and collective trauma. A positive shift towards inclusivity is evident in research, focusing on diverse groups like gender minorities, racial minorities, mothers, and adolescents. Additionally, the amplified focus on mental disorders like PTSD, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors during the pandemic stresses the need for tailored interventions and support systems. Exploring innovative methods such as mindfulness-based practices and AI-assisted technologies showcases the field's adaptability in mental health interventions.

Motivations to become psychotherapists: beyond the concept of the wounded healer.

Motivations to become psychotherapists have long been associated with the concept of the wounded healer, which posits that practitioners entering the field of mental health often do so as a result of their own personal struggles and challenges. Early difficulties and wounds are seen as a source of healers' capacity to comprehend and promote the processes of recovery, fostering a deeper connection between the healer and the person seeking support. Nevertheless, other factors not directly linked with early adversities have been posited to have an influence on the development of motivations towards pursuing a career in the psychological field. The present work aimed to review available empirical literature on the motivations to become psychotherapists, encompassing the concept of the wounded healer as well as other possible factors shaping practitioners' career choice. Three main domains of motivations have been addressed within the wounded healer framework: dysfunctional caregiving, negative personal experiences in the family of origin, and other early relational issues. Additionally, two other main domains, namely self-oriented and altruistic motivations, have been identified, and the concept of the healing healer was proposed to underline both the self-oriented healing process that a person may undergo while becoming a therapist, as well as the altruistic attitude in providing healing care towards others. Results were discussed addressing possible links between conscious and unconscious motivations to become therapists as well as in terms of clinical implications for practitioners in the field of clinical psychology.

Epistemic disagreement in psychopathology research and practice: A procedural model

Clinical psychology is characterized by persistent disagreement about fundamental aspects of the discipline ranging from what mental disorders are to what constitutes effective treatment. Attempts to address the problem of epistemic disagreement have been frequently based on establishing the correct answer by fiat without identifying and addressing the sources of the disagreement. We argue that this strategy has not worked very well and the result is frequently ongoing and intractable disagreement, with each side in an argument convinced they are correct. In this paper, we outline an epistemic disagreement procedural model intended to assist researchers and clinicians in the field of clinical psychology to identify, explore, and develop inquiry strategies that capitalize on situations where competing knowledge claims are made. The result is a flexible conceptual framework committed to a defensible epistemic pluralism, fallibilism, and contextualism, across the various research tasks constituting the field of clinical psychology.

Resilience and Psychological Distress in Early Adulthood with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Scoping Review

According to Orenstein & Lewis (2021), young adults are at a transitional age and have demands on developmental tasks. When these demands are not met, it can cause feelings of suffering, activities that become obstacles and characterized by symptoms of anxiety and depression or called psychological disorders (Kalia & Knauft, 2020; Dharma et al, 2020). Psychological distress that are not balanced with adaptive problem solving can cause maladaptive distress, it called non-suicidal self-injury (Rahmasari, 2021). According to Hans et al (2022) bounce back is needed in young adults, so they can face the problem, or it called resilience. In the previous study by Khan & Ungar (2021), there were limited matters such as the search for coping strategies carried out by the sample in the study and protective factors from the emergence of self-harm and the non-specific definition of NSSI. Aims:identification research on resilience and psychological distress in young adults with NSSI. Method:scoping review. Result: 10 journals that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Hypothesis of this study is the results of the study indicate that the conditions of psychological distress in young adults with NSSI have low resilience and high levels of psychological distress. The benefits of this research theoretically are to enrich scientific references in the field of clinical psychology, especially regarding resilience and psychological disorders in young adults with NSSI and practically this research can be continued by taking into account several limitations and can be developed into interventions for young adults with NSSI.

Prosumers' experiences of stigma dimensions within the clinical psychology field.

Lived experiences of mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes toward psychiatric diagnoses are common throughout the world. Research demonstrates that clinical psychologists are not exempt from having lived experiences of mental illness, nor experiencing, witnessing and perpetuating stigma. However, no research has examined prosumers' (providers and consumers of mental health services) experiences of witnessing discrimination within the field of clinical psychology. The purpose of this study was to explore prosumer's experiences of stigma within clinical psychology. A total of 175 doctoral level prosumers (graduated N = 39 and N = 136 in-training) completed a mixed-method online survey regarding their stigma experiences within the field. Emergent qualitative themes from grounded theory analyses included: witnessed discrimination (invalidation, over pathologizing, clinical psychologists as experts and training as a breeding ground for stigma, psychological distress, negative feelings related to field), anticipated stigma (agency and identity rejected, degree of acceptance), internalized stigma (perceived competence and social desirability), and stigma resistance (academia in action, engaging communities, comes with a risk, worthwhile). Our findings have implications for the role of clinical psychology in perpetuating stigmatizing views and attitudes toward individuals with lived experiences of mental illness, specifically in-training and academic settings. Further research should strive to evaluate how clinical psychologists, including prosumers, engage in stigma, and the associations between discrimination and other stigma dimensions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Le vécu subjectif de l’expatrié : revue systématique de littérature

ContextExpatriation is a form of migration and temporary exile, characterized by a voluntary departure abroad and frequent back and forth with the country of origin. Globalization and international mobility over the past 50 years have resulted in an increase in the number of expatriates worldwide. Even when choosing to move abroad, some expatriates encounter difficulties that lead to illness and recourse to psychotherapy. This article offers a synthesis of the results of a review of the literature on the subjective experiences of expatriates. ObjectivesOur review of the literature aims to better understand the experience of expatriation, and the crises some expatriates go through during their stay abroad. Clinical practice treating expatriates is a complex situation, occurring in a specific context. However, expatriation has only recently become the subject of clinical psychological research. Economics and the sciences of sociology, demography, and work psychology, appear to have been the first to study this phenomenon. The objective was then to understand why some expatriates ended their expatriation prematurely. In the clinical psychology field, the paradigms of cultural adaptation and acculturation have been widely invoked as reasons for determining expatriate suitability and for establishing recommendations of preparation programs. If we recognize the adaptive dimension, we move away from these concepts to promote the subjective experience of the expatriate. To date, we have only found one publication on expatriation which specifically examines the consequences of expatriation for the family. It highlights a need for research that takes into account the variability of expatriation contexts and individual pathways. We therefore conducted a literature review on the subjective experience of the expatriate. MethodA broad search on EBSCO and Google Scholar was conducted in English and French, successively using the key words EXPATRITION, EXPATRIATE, EXPATRIE. This first search phase led us to limit the scope of our research to the subjective experience of the expatriate. In order to gather existing data, we used the PRISMA method. Of the 423 publications extracted from different search engines, we selected and analyzed 25 papers published between 1992 and 2022. ResultsExpatriation appears to be a complex subjective experience, which can reveal a state of crisis in its dimension of upheaval, but also with the potential of creating new order. The literature highlights the articulation of latent reasons for departure and the accompanying crises that some expatriates may experience because of a wish to escape from an original environment, the desire to break with the family, and a search for oneself. Separation from the original environment and exposure to a foreign environment can cause archaic anxieties to resurface and summon the ability to be alone. The narcissistic and identity crisis generated is manifested by schizophrenic phenomena (rejection of the foreigner or the country of origin), relational disorders, and depressive disorders. At the same time, the experience can open up a transitional space conducive to the emergence of the Self, to the re-appropriation of poorly introjected objects, and open up an evolution of the bonds of filiation and affiliation. ConclusionIf the stay abroad can lead to narcissistic and identity disorders, it appears in the literature as a rite of passage allowing for maturation phenomena. As part of this doctoral research, we further explore the nature of the crisis, and how psychotherapy can provide support during the transformation process involved.

Prosumers' experiences of witnessed discrimination and internalized stigma: A moderated mediation.

Discrimination toward individuals with lived experiences of mental illness is widespread within the field of clinical psychology. Further, there is some presence of clinical psychologists who are both consumers and providers of mental health services, termed prosumers. However, no research has evaluated how witnessing discrimination as part of professional activities may influence prosumers' experiences with internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and stigma resistance. This exploratory study aimed to establish associations and interactions between having witnessed discrimination toward others with lived experiences of mental illness and internalized stigma, anticipated stigma, and stigma resistance from the perspective of prosumers within the clinical psychology field. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was employed to understand these dynamics by utilizing descriptive, correlational, and multivariate regressions analysis. A total 175 prosumers (39 graduated doctoral-level clinical psychologists and 136 in training) completed survey measures pertaining to witnessed discrimination, internalized and anticipated stigma, and stigma resistance. Prosumers reported witnessing frequent subtle and overt discrimination by their colleagues, supervisors, and faculty members. Overt discrimination was reported as witnessed more frequently compared with subtle discrimination experiences or microaggressions. Our findings have implications for the prevalence of witnessed discrimination and how these may create cumulative experiences of stigma and stigma resistance among prosumers in clinical psychology. Further research should explore additional understanding of how clinical psychologists, including prosumers, may hold stigmatizing attitudes and perpetuate discrimination toward individuals with lived experiences of mental illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Role of narcissism in parental alienation phenomenon. A narrative review.

Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) is a term addressed to describe negative, psychopathological feelings, thinking and behaviours, including hostility and fear, exhibited by children who have been alienated from one parent by the other parent. Despite its relevance in the clinical psychology field, theoretical and empirical contributions to understanding and deepening the many facets of this concept are still few. In particular, literature aimed at disentangling the alienating parent's psychological characteristics is scarce and fragmented. Our contribution encompasses a narrative review of scientific literature since the term PAS was coined in 1987 by Gardner, to delineate narcissistic proneness in alienating parents. Namely, considering the narcissistic drift the western society is going toward, we hypothesised that narcissism has a pivotal role in parents' alienating behaviours against the alienated ones. Firstly, the elements that emerged from our literature search confirmed our theoretical hypothesis, in terms of the likely role of narcissism/narcissistic marked traits in alienating parents. In the second section, we contextualised the phenomenon in a psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theoretical framework. Finally, based on previous findings/considerations, the developmental trajectories of children with PAS have been traced. An improved theoretical knowledge of this phenomenon, also in terms of the psychopathology associated with its genesis, means to refine the diagnostic and treatment tools to prevent it.

Relationship between procrastination, academic performance, and mental health in university students at Uniandes in Ecuador

This study examines the relationship between procrastination, academic performance, and mental health in university students. The objective of the study is to relate procrastination, academic performance, and mental health in university students at the Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES) in Ecuador, specifically in the fields of Clinical Psychology, Law, and Medicine. A quantitative research design was used with a non-probabilistic sample of 60 students. The results reveal that Clinical Psychology students exhibit the highest levels of procrastination, while Medicine students achieve the highest average grades and mental health scores. A significant negative relationship is observed between procrastination and academic performance. The conclusion indicates that procrastination negatively impacts academic performance, highlighting the need to develop specific strategies to manage procrastination and improve student well-being

Cognitive functioning of a patient with herpes simplex virus encephalitis – a case study. An exemplary paper for the State Examination in the field of clinical psychology – neuropsychology

This paper is an example of a case report for a state examination in the field of clinical psychology – neuropsychology. The case report was used during the examination in 2023 and received a positive rating. Its publication is an attempt to respond to the still reported difficulties in accessing exemplary works of this type. Due to publication limitations, some elements of the description have been shortened. The article can also be treated as a case study on the cognitive functioning of a person with active herpes encephalitis. Both screening scales, such as Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III and Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test, as well as other scales to measure individual cognitive functions were used in order to assess the patient.

Avatar Therapy Model and Ethical Principles in the Treatment of Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating mental disorders. Auditory hallucinations, which are known to be closely related to interpersonal relationships, are the most common type of hallucinations observed in the course of schizophrenia. Virtual reality has been developing in various fields with the development of computerized technologies and has started to appear in the field of clinical psychology in the form of virtual reality therapies. Avatar therapy is among the interpersonal-based virtual reality therapy models that focus on auditory hallucinations among the symptoms of schizophrenia. The aim of avatar therapy is to enable the person to have control over auditory hallucinations. Within the scope of this review study; the past, present and future of schizophrenia treatment, effective intervention methods in the treatment of schizophrenia, virtual reality therapy, the main outlines of the avatar therapy model, the effectiveness studies of avatar therapy and ethical issues were discussed. The results of the research on the effectiveness of avatar therapy reveal the need for further research in this field.

P73: Clinical Psychology of Ageing: The Italian Manifesto

Objective:By 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 years or over (World Health Organization, 2022). This Manifesto is the result of the work undertaken by the Task Force of the Italian Association of Psychology working in the field of Clinical Psychology of Ageing. There is a general belief that older people do not benefit from psychological interventions, due to the prejudice that they may be less psychologically flexible or unable to change and/or improve their functioning. However, current evidence suggests that psychological interventions, including both more and less structured ones, are equally effective for older and working-age adults. Therefore, the aim of this Manifesto was to highlight the specific role of the Clinical Psychology in enabling older adults to overcome the multiple challenges associated with the ageing process and disease-related issues.Methods:We reviewed existing empirical and conceptual literature on main issues in clinical work with older adults.Results:We identified and thoroughly described areas of major interest, such as theoretical models on how we think, feel and act towards age and ageism; prevention of emotional distress and cognitive decline and promotion of older adults’ psychological health in community; multidimensional assessment and evidence-based psychological interventions, also mediated by technology, for healthy older adults and those living with chronic disease such as dementia. Attention to psychological issues related to informal and formal caregiving, as well as the need for education, training and public engagement will be highlighted.Conclusion:With a population living longer worldwide, it is essential to introduce and formalize initiatives to reduce health inequities and improve the lives of older people and their families. This should take place in communities able to foster the abilities of older people, while providing them with access to quality long-term care, if needed.

Raising Awareness of Expressive Writing as a Method for Alleviating the Trauma of Hurricane Dorian in The Bahamas

To date, there has been no published research on the use of expressive writing therapy in The Bahamas. However, studies within the fields of clinical psychology and psychiatric medicine have explored both the emotional and physical benefits of expressive writing therapy in dealing with various types of trauma. In the aftermath of Hurricane Dorian, expressive writing workshops were conducted at the University of The Bahamas in an ad hoc manner to potentially assist in reducing the trauma experienced by students. This paper will explore the potential for future, long-term studies as well as the potential need to raise greater awareness and appreciation for this method of reducing the negative mental and physical health impacts of traumatic natural disasters on the emotional well-being of Bahamians and residents. Results could also potentially be applicable to other Small Island Developing States.

Caveat emptor: Mental health specialty certifications and the public's preferences for clinical care.

Appropriate training and continuing education for mental health professionals are designed to ensure that clinicians provide effective and ethical care. Mental health consumers may depend upon these credentials to judge the level of a professional's competence, but whether these activities and credentials provide a valid indicator of knowledge and skills is subject to debate. The present study was designed to examine preferences for mental health clinicians among potential consumers and factors that may inform these preferences, specifically comparing preferences for doctoral-level mental health clinicians and masters-level clinicians with and without specialty certification for treating anxiety symptoms. Cross-sectional assessment with self-report surveys (clinician preferences, prior mental health diagnosis and treatment, demographic characteristics, generalized anxiety symptoms, mental health literacy, and mental health stigma) was administered in two samples: a college student sample (N = 224; 71.9% female; Mage = 19.1, SD = 1.5) and a sample of adults with chronic pain (N = 116; 74.1% female; Mage = 43.8, SD = 13.8). The present study found that across both samples, therapists with a specialty certification were preferred over those without such credentials within each profession, and that certification status trumped professional standing such that certified masters-level clinicians were rated more highly than noncertified PhD-level clinicians. These findings are indicative of a schism between how the field of clinical psychology conceptualizes itself and how it is seen by its consumers. Implications of our findings for mental health consumers, clinicians, and professional organizations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Identifying emerging trends and hot topics through intelligent data mining: the case of clinical psychology and psychotherapy

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to present an integrated methodology for identifying trends in a particular subject area based on a combination of advanced text mining and expert methods. The authors aim to test it in an area of clinical psychology and psychotherapy in 2010–2019.Design/methodology/approachThe authors demonstrate the way of applying text-mining and the Word2Vec model to identify hot topics (HT) and emerging trends (ET) in clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The analysis of 11.3 million scientific publications in the Microsoft Academic Graph database revealed the most rapidly growing clinical psychology and psychotherapy terms – those with the largest increase in the number of publications reflecting real or potential trends.FindingsThe proposed approach allows one to identify HT and ET for the six thematic clusters related to mental disorders, symptoms, pharmacology, psychotherapy, treatment techniques and important psychological skills.Practical implicationsThe developed methodology allows one to see the broad picture of the most dynamic research areas in the field of clinical psychology and psychotherapy in 2010–2019. For clinicians, who are often overwhelmed by practical work, this map of the current research can help identify the areas worthy of further attention to improve the effectiveness of their clinical work. This methodology might be applied for the identification of trends in any other subject area by taking into account its specificity.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates the value of the advanced text-mining approach for understanding trends in a subject area. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, text-mining and the Word2Vec model have been applied to identifying trends in the field of clinical psychology and psychotherapy.

Piloting film-based intervention on santri’s perception towards striving for academic success: findings from Kampung Santri, Kudus Regency

This study is performed based on concerns that knowledge dichotomy in traditional Islamic boarding schools has not received the serious attention it deserves. In contrast to modern pesantren where santri receives both religious and non-religious knowledge, most traditional pesantren in Jekulo, Kudus regency only emphasizes religious knowledge as their core curriculum. Our preliminary study in 2022 suggested that the majority of student santri in Jekulo, Kudus regency showed unfavorable perceptions towards pursuing higher education despite being offered financial aid and academic mentorship. Our current task is to introduce film-based intervention and document its effect on santri’s perception change towards academic success. Although the use of film-based intervention to change perception and reduce stigma has been profound in the field of clinical psychology, its application in a nonclinical setting is still understudied. Using Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954) as our analytical framework, we propose that historical film can be introduced as an alternative point of reference for our subject. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling (n=20). Pre- and post-studies are provided to document santri’s perception change toward striving for academic success. The results of this study confirm that film intervention can act as positive stimuli in the process of perception changes among santri by presenting relatable cinematic historical experiences as an alternative social reference. However, a lack of a role model and a shared perception toward academic success in santri’s immediate environment can hinder the process

Analysis and mapping of scientific literature on virtual and augmented reality technologies used in the context of mental health disorders (1980 – 2021)

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a bibliometric analysis of global research publications on virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.Design/methodology/approachThe SciVerse Scopus database was used to retrieve relevant documents using a validated search strategy for the study period from 1980 to 2021.FindingsIn total, 1,233 research articles were found. Research in this field has experienced steep growth since 2017; was disseminated by journals in the fields of clinical psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry and computer sciences; was mainly carried out by scholars in high-income countries with advanced digital technology; has a relatively high number of authors per article but with a relatively poor cross-country research collaboration; was led by researchers and institutions mainly from the USA, Spain and Italy; and has received the highest number of citations for articles on anxiety and phobias.Research limitations/implicationsBibliometric methodology is a useful tool for identifying evolution growth patterns and research hot topics in the use of emerging technologies in clinical practice. Research on implementing AR/VR technologies in medicine will be enhanced by strengthening international research collaboration. More research attention should be paid to new emerging technologies in the mental health field.Practical implicationsThe use of VR/AR technologies became popular as an alternative to or adjunct to traditional therapy in mental health practice. The rapid increase in research publications in recent years suggested that AR and VR technologies were both acceptable and simple to use. A wide range of mental health disorders could be managed by AR/VR technologies. Training medical and nursing students on various new technologies is important to cope with the digital revolution.Originality/valueBased on the volume and growth patterns of research publications, there is a promising future for the use of VR/AR technologies in the field of mental health. Teaching and training health-care professionals on the proper use of VR/AR are needed to support their potential future use.

Love Addiction - Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Paradigms in Clinical Psychology. (v2).

We have investigated and analyzed the latest research on love addiction in the fields of clinical psychology, diagnosis, psychotherapy and treatment. From 30 November 2021 to July 2022 a review was conducted aimed at identifying the current diagnostic paradigms associated with this new behavioral dependence, investigating in depth what has not yet emerged, searching for strong and weak correlations with related theoretical constructs, comorbidities, investigate which evaluation scales are currently used and outline a guiding design that allows you to move between current scientific discoveries, searching for relevant studies in the databases PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PsycINFO, MDPI, APA, ScienceDirect, and ReserchGate. We identified a total of 102 unique articles. Among these, 22 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 5 of these met the eligibility criteria and were, therefore, included in the final systematic review. Group psychotherapy has proved to be a valid alternative, in fact the scientific landscape suggests that most group therapies are successful because these dynamics involve the reward and attachment systems in the brain in most subjects. Although there is currently no official classification for this type of addiction, the continuing interests of clinical psychology open up new scenarios for achieving greater psychophysical well-being.

Socio-psychological problem of gadget addiction in adolescents

If there are violations in the personal, emotional, needs and motivational spheres, in the presence of unfavorable conditions in life, a teenager increasingly turns to gadgets. When it is impossible to use them, a teenager begins to experience feelings of longing and anxiety. Over time, gadgets for young people turn into a means of escaping real life, in order to relieve tension, for example, after a conflict, quarrel, etc. A long-term use of a smartphone or tablet can provoke the occurrence of physical or mental overstrain, headaches, aggressive behavior, and other destructive manifestations. Consequently, at this stage of the development of society, developing recommendations to prevent and overcome gadget addiction in adolescents is one of the urgent problems in the fields of clinical psychology, psychosocial work, psychiatry, narcology, etc.