Field Of Astronomy Research Articles

A Review of Psychology in the Astronomical Thought of Shaykh Abdullah Fahim

Astronomy is a very important field because its use covers the entire daily activities of human beings. With the knowledge of astronomy, humans can plan activities well. This study seeks to examine the philosophy of astronomy in the thought of Shaykh Abdullah Fahim (1869 - 1961 AD), a prominent scholar of Penang and its impact on life. Shaykh Abdullah Fahim received his education in astronomy and other religious sciences in Makkah and Madinah. He also took the Naqsyabandiyyah tariqat from his teacher Sayyid Muhammad Amin bin Ahmad Al-Madani. In terms of his educational background, it is almost the same as the Indonesian Minangkabau scholar, Shaykh Muhammad Jamil Jambek bin Saleh Datuak Maleka (1862 - 1947) who has skills in astronomy, and a practitioner of the Naqsyabandiyyah tariqah. On the other hand, this study seeks to look at the significance of this field of astronomy to human psychology according to his point of view. This qualitative -based study uses a fully library approach to gather as much information about Shaykh Abdullah Fahim especially in the field of astronomy. Cross reference is made to the figures of the contemporary Malay scholars to obtain further information about the figures involved in teaching astronomy. In the context of psychology, the field of astronomy is not only able to trigger a high level of thinking but at the same time able to provide motivation and inspiration to humans to start an activity in daily life.

AstroSer: Leveraging Deep Learning for Efficient Content-based Retrieval in Massive Solar-observation Images

Rapid and proficient data retrieval is an essential component of modern astronomical research. In this paper, we address the challenge of retrieving astronomical image content by leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques. We have designed a retrieval model, HybridVR, that integrates the capabilities of the deep learning models ResNet50 and VGG16 and have used it to extract key features of solar activity and solar environmental characteristics from observed images. This model enables efficient image matching and allows for content-based image retrieval (CBIR). Experimental results demonstrate that the model can achieve up to 98% similarity during CBIR while exhibiting adaptability and scalability. Our work has implications for astronomical research, data management, and education, and it can contribute to optimizing the utilization of astronomical image data. It also serves as a useful example of the application of deep learning technology in the field of astronomy.

Gassendi and the Low Countries: Introduction

Abstract This introduction summarises the nature of the strong intellectual links existing between the French philosopher Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) and the Low Countries. It retraces the main steps of his trip to the Spanish Low Countries and the Dutch Republic in 1629, and the importance of this trip for the development of his philosophy, as well as the epistolary network with his correspondents from that area, especially in the field of astronomy. Scholars in the Low Countries were receptive to atomistic theories, empiricism, and anti-dogmatism, all of which are central to Gassendi’s philosophy. Gassendi’s philosophy also provided arguments against Descartes’s metaphysics, and helped disseminate Galileo’s mechanics in the Low Countries. Gassendi’s influence in the Low Countries lasted beyond his death, as can be seen in the philosophy of Spinoza and Bayle.

The ESCAPE Open-source Software and Service Repository.

The purpose of the ESCAPE Open-source Software and Service Repository (OSSR) is to provide a central location for the dissemination and use of trusted open-source software in the fields of astronomy, astroparticle physics, and particle physics. The repository allows users to easily access and download tools and services developed within the community, and to contribute their own tools and services. The ESCAPE project has set up a curated repository of software that provides tools and an environment to make it easy for users to find and download the software and services that they need. The repository is regularly updated and is maintained by a curation board, ensuring that the software and services are reliable and up-to-date. The curation and onboarding process makes the OSSR a trustworthy source of software that can be used for scientific analysis. The software included in the repository must include documentation and instructions and follow a set of modern best practices in software development. Training is provided to students and researchers to help them provide high-quality scientific software following modern software development practices. The OSSR currently contains a wide range of software and services, including those for data management, data analysis, and machine learning. These tools and services are used by researchers and other users around the world. The OSSR has proven to be an effective means for disseminating and providing open-source software and services developed by the ESCAPE project partners and welcomes contributions from the entire community.

JADES Initial Data Release for the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Revealing the Faint Infrared Sky with Deep JWST NIRCam Imaging

JWST has revolutionized the field of extragalactic astronomy with its sensitive and high-resolution infrared view of the distant Universe. Adding to the new legacy of JWST observations, we present the first NIRCam imaging data release from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), providing nine filters of infrared imaging of ∼25 arcmin2 covering the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and portions of Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South. Utilizing 87 on-sky dual-filter hours of exposure time, these images reveal the deepest ever near-infrared view of this iconic field. We supply carefully constructed nine-band mosaics of the JADES bands, as well as matching reductions of five additional bands from the JWST Extragalactic Medium-band Survey. Combining with existing Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we provide 23-band space-based photometric catalogs and photometric redshifts for ≈47,500 sources. To promote broad engagement with JADES, we have created an interactive FitsMap website to provide an interface for professional researchers and the public to experience these JWST data sets. Combined with the first JADES NIRSpec data release, these public JADES imaging and spectroscopic data sets provide a new foundation for discoveries of the infrared Universe by the worldwide scientific community.

Al-Khawarizmi Serta Kontribusinya Untuk Perkembangan Sains Modern

The current development of science is the result of the knowledge development carried out by previous scientists, including Al-Khwarizmi. One of the Muslim scientists who lived during the Abbasid era. He is a leading Muslim scientist who made many contributions to human civilization. As a great figure of his time, Al-Khwarizmi produced many monumental works. This article discusses Al-Khwarizmi's biography and his contribution to the development of science in the modern era. To obtain this information, researchers conducted a literature review related to the topic. The results of the literature review show that Al-Khwarizmi made many contributions and thoughts in the fields of mathematics and astronomy which are very helpful for the benefit and development of science in the modern era.

Postcards from Abroad

In this section called ‘postcards from abroad’ we propose to diversify and open up the understandings and practices of repair itself, engaging material repair in conversation with other types of repair, coming from fields of creation and knowledge other than design. Although there could be many other ‘postcards’ from different reparative places, here we invited: DNA repair in the field of genetics; soil bioremediation from the perspective of edaphology; psychotherapy as a form of emotional and psychological ‘repair’; memory repair from the field of restorative justice and human rights; home maintenance and cleaning as a form of domestic infrastructure repair and care; repair of electrical and electronic devices by activist collectives for waste prevention; repair of scientific observation instruments in the field of astronomy; and neuro-rehabilitation and physical rehabilitation from the first-person experience of long COVID. We hope these postcards provide a plurality of visions and actions on repair that might lead to resonances, inspirations, and cross-fertilizations among the various forms of repair.

Impact of modelling galaxy redshift uncertainties on the gravitational-wave dark standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant

ABSTRACT Gravitational wave science is a new and rapidly expanding field of observational astronomy. Multimessenger observations of the binary neutron star merger GW170817 have provided some iconic results including the first gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant, opening up a new way to probe cosmology. The majority of the compact binary sources observed in gravitational waves are, however, without bright electromagnetic counterparts. In these cases, one can fall back on the ‘dark standard siren’ approach to include information statistically from potential host galaxies. For such a measurement, we need to be cautious about all possible sources of systematic errors. In this paper, we begin to study the possible errors coming from the galaxy catalogue sector, and in particular, look into the effect of galaxy redshift uncertainties for the cases where these are photometry-based. We recalculate the dark standard siren Hubble constant using the latest third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) events and associated galaxy catalogues, with different galaxy redshift uncertainty models, namely, the standard Gaussian, a modified Lorentzian, and no uncertainty at all. We find that not using redshift uncertainties at all can lead to a potential bias comparable with other potential systematic effects previously considered for the GWTC-3 H0 measurement (however still small compared to the overall statistical error in this measurement). The difference between different uncertainty models leads to small differences in the results for the current data; their impact is much smaller than the current statistical errors and other potential sources of systematic errors which have been considered in previous robustness studies.

Tracing obscured galaxy build-up at high redshift using deep radio surveys

Context. A fundamental question of extra-galactic astronomy that is yet to be fully understood, concerns the evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) and supermassive black hole (SMBH) activity with cosmic time, as well as their interplay and how it impacts galaxy evolution. A primary focus that could shed more light on these questions is the study of merging systems, comprising highly star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) at the earliest stages of galactic formation. However, considering the challenges associated with identifying these objects, it is essential to explore complementary selection methods across multiple wavelengths. Aims. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of a sample of high-redshift (z > 3) far-infrared (far-IR) and radio-emitting galaxies in the highest possible spatial resolution. The aim is to study the properties of this population, such as their morphological characteristics, and to explore the interplay of SFR and SMBH activity at this epoch. Methods. In order to select the galactic population of our interest, we employed two selection criteria that have frequently been used as separate methods in the literature. In more detail, we selected galaxies that present relatively compact radio morphologies at 1.4 GHz (i.e., an angular size smaller than 10 arcsec) as well as a far-IR spectrum that peaks in flux at λ ≥ 350 μm (i.e., flux350 μm > flux250 μm). For these selection criteria, we used the COSMOS and ECDF-S fields, two of the most extensively observed astronomical fields currently available, which provide high spectral and spatial resolution at a multi-wavelength scale. By accepting only galaxies that satisfied these selection criteria, we derived a sample of eight galaxies that were identified either photometrically or spectroscopically at z > 3 from literature studies and by our team. Results. A thorough investigation of available optical, near-IR, and millimetre (mm) imaging reveals a possible merging scenario in five out of eight cases in our sample. Additionally, available multi-wavelength photometry strongly suggests active star formation at the 103 M⊙ yr−1 level in massive systems (stellar masses of M⋆ ∼ 1011 M⊙) co-hosting an active SMBH. Conclusions. Comparison of these results with previous studies, suggests that our selection method preferentially identifies galaxies hosting an active SMBH, as well as a strong SFG component, resulting in high SFR and IR luminosity. An additional examination of the efficacy of the radio and far-IR selection criteria provides further support for their combined application in selecting co-evolving AGN and star formation activity at high redshift. In this regard, future use of these selection criteria on radio and far-IR/mm observations of statistically larger galaxy samples is of high interest.

TAIGA - An advanced hybrid detector complex for astroparticle physics and high energy gamma-ray astronomy

The physical motivations, present status, main results in study of cosmic rays and in the field of gamma-ray astronomy as well future plans of the TAIGA-1 (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) project are presented. The TAIGA observatory addresses ground-based gamma-ray astronomy and astroparticle physics at energies from a few TeV to several PeV, as well as cosmic ray physics from 100 TeV to several EeV. The pilot TAIGA-1 complex is located in the Tunka valley, ~50 km west from the southern tip of the lake Baikal.

Optical transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage based on inverse design.

Infrared (IR) thermal camouflage and management are deeply desirable in the field of military and astronomy. While IR compatible with laser camouflage technology is extensively studied to counter modern detection systems, most existing strategies for visible light camouflage focus on color matching, which is not suitable for scenarios requiring transparency. In this work, we propose an optically transparent metamaterial with multi-band compatible camouflage capability based on the inverse design. The metamaterial consists of Ag grating, Si3N4 dielectric spacer layer, Ag reflection layer, and Si3N4 anti-reflective layer. An ideal multi-band compatible spectrum is involved in the inverse design algorithm. Calculated results demonstrate high transmittance (T0.38-0.78µm = 0.70) in the visible region, low reflectance (R1.55µm = 0.01) in laser working wavelength, high reflectance (R3-5µm = 0.86 and R8-14µm = 0.92) in the dual-band atmospheric window, and high emissivity (ɛ5-8µm = 0.61) for the non-atmospheric window. The radiative heat flux in the detected band is 31W/m2 and 201W/m2 respectively. Furthermore, the incident and polarized insensitivity of the proposed metamaterial supports applicability for practical situations. This work, emphasizes an effective strategy for conducting optically transparent design with compatible IR-laser camouflage as well as radiative cooling properties by an automated design approach.

How Tycho Brahe’s recordings in 1572 support SN 1572 as a type I(a) supernova

The 450th anniversary of the discovery of the SN 1572 supernova event was celebrated in 2022. A closer look at the historical development of the field of supernova astronomy reveals the scientific importance of Tycho Brahe’s 1572 observations of this “new star.” In their quest to learn more about the new type of stellar explosion and subsequent evolution, the initial protagonists in this field (Baader and Zwicky among others) gradually turned their attention to the final remnant state of these supernova events. Since the remnant object thought to be associated with the extragalactic supernova event was found to be very dim, the focus quickly shifted toward nearby galactic events. It is at this point where Tycho Brahe’s observations played an important and often overlooked role in the context of the development of stellar evolution as a scientific field. Tycho Brahe’s meticulous and detailed recordings of the change in brightness of the new star not only allowed modern astronomers to classify SN 1572 as a supernova event but also helped them pinpoint the exact astrometric location of SN 1572. These findings helped to empirically link extragalactic supernova events to nearby past supernova remnants in the Milky Way. This enabled subsequent observations allowing further characterization. Transforming the historical recordings to a standardized photometric system also allowed the classification of SN 1572 as a type I supernova event.

Evolution of double oxygen–neon white dwarf merger remnant

ABSTRACT Double white dwarf (WD) merger process and their post-merger evolution are important in many fields of astronomy, such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, gravitational waves, and so on. The evolutionary outcomes of double ultra-massive WD merger remnants are still a subject of debate, though the general consensus is that the merger remnant will collapse to form a neutron star (NS). In this work, we investigate the evolution of a $2.20\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ merger remnant stemmed from the coalescence of double $1.10\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ONe WDs. We find that the remnant ignites off-centre neon burning at the position near the surface of primary WD soon after the merger, resulting in the stable inwardly propagating oxygen/neon (O/Ne) flame. The final outcomes of the merger remnant are sensitive to the effect of convective boundary mixing. If the mixing cannot stall the O/Ne flame, the flame will reach the centre within 20 yr, leading to the formation of super Chandrasekhar mass silicon core, and its final fate probably be NS through iron-core-collapse supernova. In contrast, if the convective mixing is effective enough to prevent the O/Ne flame from reaching the centre, the merger remnant will undergo electron capture supernova to form an ONeFe WD. Meanwhile, we find that the wind mass loss process may hardly alter the final fate of the remnant due to its fast evolution. Our results imply that the coalescence of double ONe WDs can form short lived giant like object, but the final outcomes (NS or ONeFe WD) are influenced by the uncertain convective mixing in O/Ne flame.

Assessment of Asteroid Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Near-Earth Asteroids represent potential threats to human life because their trajectories may bring them in the proximity of the Earth. Monitoring these objects could help predict future impact events, but such efforts are hindered by the large numbers of objects that pass in the Earth’s vicinity. Additionally, there is also the problem of distinguishing asteroids from other objects in the night sky, which implies sifting through large sets of telescope image data. Within this context, we believe that employing machine learning techniques could greatly improve the detection process by sorting out the most likely asteroid candidates to be reviewed by human experts. At the moment, the use of machine learning techniques is still limited in the field of astronomy and the main goal of the present paper is to study the effectiveness of deep convolutional neural networks for the classification of astronomical objects, asteroids in this particular case, by comparing some of the well-known deep convolutional neural networks, including InceptionV3, Xception, InceptionResNetV2 and ResNet152V2. We applied transfer learning and fine-tuning on these pre-existing deep convolutional networks, and from the results that we obtained, the potential of using deep convolutional neural networks in the process of asteroid classification can be seen. The InceptionV3 model has the best results in the asteroid class, meaning that by using it, we lose the least number of valid asteroids.

AI in Astronomy

This research paper investigates the transformative influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the field of astronomy, revolutionizing data analysis, celestial object classification, exoplanet discovery, and real-time observations. Over the last decade, astronomers have harnessed the power of AI techniques, including machine learning, deep learning, and data mining, to explore the cosmos in unprecedented ways. The first section of this paper examines how AI has significantly enhanced data processing and analysis capabilities in astronomy. AI algorithms efficiently handle vast amounts of observational data from ground-based telescopes and space missions, enabling astronomers to identify celestial objects and detect subtle signals concealed within complex datasets. Additionally, the integration of AI with adaptive optics systems has improved the quality of observations, enhancing the study of distant galaxies and exoplanets. Moving on, the paper discusses how AI-driven classification models have played a crucial role in categorizing stars, galaxies, and other astronomical entities based on their unique characteristics. These advancements expedite the cataloguing process and enable the identification of rare and novel astronomical phenomena, facilitating comprehensive explorations of the universe. Furthermore, the research investigates how AI contributes to the discovery of exoplanets and the understanding of their potential habitability. AI-based algorithms efficiently analyse light curves and radial velocity data, leading to the detection of exoplanets from extensive surveys. Moreover, AI-driven atmospheric modelling provides valuable insights into the habitability potential of these distant worlds, expanding the search for extraterrestrial life.discovery of cosmic events such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and gravitational wave sources.

A review of studies on mass-movements on the Moon

The study of the lunar surface is a significant field in exploring the Moon. As a non-negligible geological process shaping the lunar surface, however, the mass movements on the Moon have not been deeply studied regarding all available datasets. In this paper, we report the results of the literature review and quantitative analysis of 965 articles retrieved from the Scopus, WoS, and Astrophysics Data System databases using keyword search terms between the years 1872 and 2022. The main findings show that the lunar mass movements are a lasting but recent prosperous research topic (since 2009). The top three influential journals in this area are Icarus, JGR, and P&SS. Robinson, Lucchitta, and Carr are the most three productive authors. California Institute of Technology, Arizona State University, and Johns Hopkins University are active institutions leading the lunar mass movements research, and the related institutions are mainly located in the United States, Russia, and China. Articles are primarily published in journals specializing in the fields of astronomy and physics. The index analysis of citation indicates the growth of the academic impact of articles about the lunar mass movements. This article summarizes the datasets, methods, and relevant parameters of lunar mass movements to facilitate future research, as well as discussing the limitations and trends in the field. In addition, four unsolved issues are proposed, including: 1) the lack of a comprehensive global database that records all types of landslides incidents; 2) the need for definite classification indicators to quantify the classification criteria for lunar mass movements; 3) the absence of a mathematical model to explain the triggering mechanism of mass movements on the Moon; and 4) the lack of quantitative indexes to evaluate the modification effect of mass movements on the lunar surface morphology. With the support of big data, the combination of artificial intelligence and traditional GIS methods is expected to become the main approach for addressing these issues such a bibliometric analysis can inspire future researchers by exploring the overall characteristics of the published literature on lunar mass movements.

Modification of the Large Parameter Approach for the Periodic Solutions of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

This paper focuses on the modification of the large parameter approach (LPA), a novelty procedure, for estimating the periodic solutions of two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) autonomous quasi-linear systems with a first integral. This strategy is crucial because it provides an effective approach to recognizing approximate solutions to problems for which it is impossible to obtain exact solutions. These problems arise in the fields of physics, engineering, aerospace, and astronomy. They can be solved analytically using several perturbation approaches that depend on a small parameter that can be recognized according to the initial conditions and the body parameters of each problem. Therefore, we propose a large parameter instead of a small one to solve the aforementioned 2DOF systems, as well as provide a comparison between the suggested procedure and the previous approaches.

A Brief Reflection on Islamic Astronomy in 13th Century, The Case of Qu?b Ad-Din Al-Shirazi

This paper focuses on the life and scholarship of Qu?b ad-D?n al-Sh?r?z? (d. 1311 CE), a Muslim Persian polymath, who has contributed in many fields such as philosophy, astronomy and medicine. A talented and precocious student, and was tutored by his own father, the young man of Qu?b ad-D?n al-Sh?r?z? was already appointed as a physician even during his teenage years. Eventually the quest for knowledge led him to leave his hometown of Sh?r?z and visit several scholars before he eventually settled in Mar?ghah. Here he learned and collaborated with many other great scholars such as Na??r al-D?n ??s? (d. 1274 CE) and Mu’ayyad al-D?n al-‘Ur?? (d. 1266 CE) in the field of observational astronomy. They set up and worked in the famous Mar?ghah observatory, and Qu?b ad-D?n al-Sh?r?z? collaborated in the production of Z?j-l Ilkh?n? or the Ilkh?n? Tables, which was one of the most important astronomical tables being produced from the Mar?ghah observatory. Other than his contribution in astronomy, we would also briefly mention his contribution in other fields such as philosophy and medicine. The methodology is a literature review, which we used both the secondary sources and the primary source. The primary source is the astronomical text of Qu?b ad-D?n al-Sh?r?z? which is called Nih?yat al-Idr?k, and it is in the form of a manuscript, which had been acquired from the British Library.Keywords: Qu?b ad-D?n al-Sh?r?z?, Mar?ghah observatory, Islamic astronomy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic medicine

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ НАУКОВОГО ЗНАННЯ НА МУСУЛЬМАНСЬКОМУ СХОДІ У ПЕРІОД РАННЬОГО СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧЧЯ

This article examines the formation of science and scientific knowledge in the Muslim East in the early Middle Ages. During this period, the Muslim world was a center of intensive cultural development. Rich libraries, universities, and research centers were established where research was conducted in various fields of knowledge, including mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, medicine, and literature. The works of ancient Greek and other ancient thinkers were translated into Arabic and circulated in the Islamic world. This combination of knowledge from different cultures contributed to scientific and cultural progress. The article also examines the role of scientific centers that existed in Baghdad, Cordoba, Damascus, Alexandria, Samarkand and other cities, which not only provided translations and preservation of knowledge from different cultures, but also created conditions for intellectual exchange, contributing to the development of scientific research and spread of knowledge in the medieval Muslim world. They became platforms for intellectual enlightenment and preservation of the heritage of past civilizations. Muslim scholars actively worked in various fields of science, such as mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, medicine, chemistry, history, philology and others. It was the era of such great encyclopedist scientists, titans of thought, poets as Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad al-Farghoni, Imam al-Bukhari, Abu Yakub al-Kindi, Abu Bakr al-Razi, Abu Nasr al-Farabi, Abu Rayhan al-Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Mahmud al-Kashgari, Abu Ala'a al-Maari, Abu Abdallah ar-Rudaki, and others. The medieval Muslim East left a significant mark on the modern world. Many achievements of that time find their application in modern sciences and technologies. It also influenced the formation of worldview and cultural heritage. His scientific and philosophical principles contributed to the development of critical thinking, the search for truth, and mental development. The unique combination of religious and scientific foundations created a special approach to understanding the world and human existence. The overall contribution of the Muslim East to the development of science and scientific knowledge is of great importance for understanding the history of scientific progress.

HUMAN CIVILIZATION BETWEEN REVELATION AND REASON

Human civilization can be said to be a civilization that departs from a combination of revelation and reason which is marked by the birth of various knowledge initiated by Muslim scientists. This study aims to explain that the civilization that has been achieved by humans today in various fields, such as medicine, astronomy, chemistry, politics, and economics, is the result of the ability of the human mind to explore the content of knowledge contained in divine revelation in the Qur'an. so as to produce a high civilization. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research methods and content analysis techniques. The results of the research show that the role of reason in exploring knowledge contained in divine revelation is very visible so as to produce high civilizations, especially in the fields of medicine, astronomy, chemistry, politics and economics. The implication of the research is that divine revelation contained in the Qur'an and hadith cannot be separated as a source of modern human civilization today so that returning to divine revelation in building civilization is an absolute.