Journals In Field Research Articles

Dimensões e saberes da docência: estudo exploratório sobre os registros elaborados por uma estagiária em ensino de Química

We present an exploratory qualitative investigation into the teaching internship completed by a student on an Academic Program in Chemistry Teacher Education. We carried out content analysis of texts produced by the intern, such as field diary and final report. We identified the mobilization of experiential knowledge, pedagogical tradition and pedagogical action, as well as the student’s involvement in situations related to the relational, academic, professional and strategic aspects inherent to teaching. Such elements were analyzed through observation of the school space, development of class management and the shared and written record of experiences. The results also highlight essential characteristics of the tripod that must support the teacher education processes, encompassing the following agents: the university, enabling attentive/participatory teaching guidance, as well as having a sensitive and humanized academic organization, compatible with the sociocultural profile of the students; the school space that is the field of the teaching internship, with its physical structure, pedagogical resources and trained personnel to receive/collaborate with undergraduate students; and the profile to be taken on by the intern, being open to the study of theoretical references, immersion in challenging experiences and the investigative/dialogical nature of the movements underlying the process of becoming being a teacher. Keywords: Teacher education. Teaching internship. Wisdom of teacher work.

Beyond “Fixing”: The Liminality of “Local” Media Workers in Beirut

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the liminal position of “fixers” in global news reporting and critically examines the very term “fixer”. Building on existing research in the field and ongoing discussions about its inherent inequalities, we address the following questions: How do “fixers” enact their liminality in everyday work? What does the liminality inherent to the term “fixer” say about the positionalities of local media workers and the politics and ethics of transnational collaborations? Based on ten semi-structured interviews with local media professionals – “fixers” – based in Beirut, Dutch, and American reporters, we argue that the problem with the much-contested term “fixer” resides in the reproduction and reification of the presupposed West–East or North–South power relations and in neglecting the power dynamics following from specific roles and experiences. The term thus hinders the understanding of the complex reality of (local) media work and the diverse roles fulfilled. Therefore, we argue that to understand the crucial roles of local media workers in ongoing international conflicts, it is imperative to carefully consider this linguistic entry point. Finally, we discuss how job titles manifest hierarchies and power relations within foreign reporting ecosystems and in the journalistic field more broadly.

A biopolítica sobre a docência prisional: entre a segurança e a educação

This research study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of prison teaching work, navigating between power relations of security and education, in the light of biopolitics. Also, this study aimed to understand how resocialization of inmates is promoted through schooling and the challenges and advantages in carrying out prison teaching work. In order to get answers and explanations on the issue of teaching work effectiveness with inmates, navigating power relations: security and education, drawing on biopolitics, a study was carried out in a state school within a women’s prison in the town of Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from interviews to teachers and field diary logs, using a qualitative and descriptive methodology. To analyze the data in this research, the MAXQDA Analytics Pro (24.2.0), combined with discourse analysis in a critical approach were used for content analysis. Among the main findings, we highlighted that teachers are valued by the students, but not by security enforcement and government officers. Teachers also reported a lack of opportunities to work with certain teaching tools/materials. Furthermore, teachers reported that they believed in inmates’ resocialization through school, but acknowledged that there was a lack of public policies to allow for prison schooling without affecting local security. When considering public policies, and prison structuring and functioning in the light of the concepts analyzed, they the need for change in the prison system was made evident, to allow for alternatives that effectively promote social reintegration.

Polarization of Journalists' Attitudes Regarding State Bonds to Press Freedom and Media Continuity

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a myriad of alterations and substantial repercussions across numerous domains of human existence. Beyond merely affecting the healthcare sector, COVID-19 has also exerted influence over the sustainability of educational systems, economic structures, public governance, and even the journalistic field. These circumstances have led to a notable decline in advertising revenues within the media, necessitating reductions in employee wages, implementation of layoffs, and in some instances, declarations of insolvency. A strategic governmental intervention designed to mitigate the economic ramifications of the pandemic on the press has been the establishment of collaborative initiatives between governmental bodies and media organizations, which includes the provision of financial assistance. Although these initiatives are ostensibly intended to bolster the media sector, they have subsequently manifested as a potential jeopardy to the autonomy of the press. Employing qualitative methodologies grounded in critical paradigms, the research undertook an analysis of both primary and secondary data, acquired through comprehensive interviews with journalists and stakeholders in media policy, alongside extensive desk research utilizing diverse documentary sources. The findings of the investigation indicated that the collaboration between the case study television station and the Indonesian government during the pandemic, while yielding benefits for both entities, engendered a power dynamic that compromised the independence of the media in the context of the pandemic.

Field diary in the study of a school organization: unveiling behind the scenes

ABSTRACT The study of a school organization, due to its complexity and multidimensionality, should be approached from a qualitative, constructivist-interpretivist perspective, in which the field diary is an important source of data and an analytical and reflective tool. In order to understand the importance of a field diary written during the study of a school organization in understanding its multiple logics of action on stage and behind the scenes, we applied the coding processes of the Grounded Theory. We concluded that such a tool has three fundamental dimensions: descriptive, argumentative and interpretive, in a dynamic that allows us to systematise, question and improve processes that are usually hidden in the deep structure of research.

Validation of the SISRE-P Software for Teaching Reflection in Mathematical Didactics using the DELPHI Method

This research addresses the use of software in the mathematics education process, which has been growing in popularity and has proven to be a valuable tool to improve teaching and learning. The study aimed to validate the SISRE-P software in the teaching of mathematics, with the purpose of reducing the gap between theory and educational practice, and improving pedagogical practice. From the methodological point of view, a qualitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out, using the Delphi method for the validation of the instrument, which was applied to 36 teachers. For its development, a questionnaire was applied in the form of interviews, which were sent through Google Forms, through the process, they were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of SISRE-P. Within the results obtained, it is observed that the implementation of the SISRE-P software demonstrates its effectiveness to improve teaching practice in mathematics teaching. Recurrent participation in weekly reflective sessions, both in pedagogical pairs and with colleagues or individually, has strengthened the reflective process through methods such as class recording, collaborative conversations and records in field diaries. It is concluded that SISRE-P is an effective tool to enhance teaching practice in the teaching of mathematics. Its constant use in reflective sessions strengthens the process of teacher self-reflection and is fundamental within the constructivist pedagogical framework, focused on student autonomy and the active construction of knowledge.

Empowering health: exploring the vital role of facilitator organisations in supporting chronic disease patients in Assam, India

BackgroundThe research centers on an underrated type of mediator organization namely facilitator organizations (FO) that work in the health care setting. These organizations are mediators that bridge the gap between patients (healthcare customers) and medical services. The facilitator organizations considered for the study are non-governmental organizations situated in Assam that works in align to chronic diseases, particularly cancer.MethodsThe data collection was done through organizational referrals for the study making it a snowball sampling, progressively incorporating additional contemporary entities. The study's respondents were facilitator organizations (i.e.Non-Government Organizations) actively involved in addressing chronic disease. Data were gathered from these facilitator organizations situated in Assam, India, supporting healthcare customers specifically those with cancer. Key informant interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection, the responses were documented using a field diary and the Lovelock service model was used as a reference for the construction of the questionnaire and developing the research framework.ResultsThe analysis of data shows that facilitator organisations maintain continuity in relationships, which enhances health management and outcomes for customers. The shift in cancer care towards a patient-centred approach and the crucial role of FOs in providing comprehensive and individualized care, addressing diverse patient needs thereby addressing the holistic development of the health care customer is vital. In addition, effective patient-centred communication, incorporating trust, compassion, respect and comprehensive support including mental health therapy, occupational therapy, and rehabilitation plays a crucial role in leading a normal life. `ConclusionThe facilitator organizations dealing with Cancer have to meet a broad range of services outside the core medical service providers for their healthcare customers. These efforts contribute to the overall recovery of both the healthcare customer with cancer and their family.

A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study.

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition that impacts various facets of an individual's life, and society as a whole. The Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) protocol is an innovative intervention that can help to prevent relapse, particularly when used as a post-treatment approach. However, although there is significant evidence of its effectiveness in studies from high-income countries (HICs), there is a dearth of studies examining its feasibility and efficacy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, this study investigates the feasibility of MBRP as an adjunct to outpatient treatment for SUD in a socially vulnerable Brazilian population. The study employed a mixed-methods design in eight Psychosocial Care Centers for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPS-ad) in the city of São Paulo, and involved 140 participants, 24 healthcare professionals and 7 CAPS-ad managers. In total, 17 MBRP intervention groups were conducted. The study assessed qualitative indicators of acceptability, demand, implementation, adaptation, integration, and limited efficacy testing through group interviews, in-depth interviews and field diary records. It also included limited efficacy testing of the protocol using a quantitative pre-post pilot study to investigate consumption behavior, using the Timeline Followback (TLFB) assessment method; depression, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale; anxiety, using the state trait anxiety index (STAXI-2); craving, using the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS); readiness to change, using the Readiness-to-Change Ruler (RCR); and severity of dependence, using the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS). The qualitative data were triangulated with the quantitative data to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of the intervention. The sample comprised socially vulnerable participants with a high dropout rate, primarily due to social factors. Despite facing challenges in respect of regular engagement and initial cultural misperceptions of meditation, the intervention showed positive acceptance and mental health benefits, including impacts on consumption behavior. The study emphasizes the importance of adapting the format of the protocol to better suit vulnerable populations, and to ensure its effective integration into the public healthcare system. Future research should explore protocol modifications, assess its effectiveness in different contexts, and conduct cost-benefit analyses for broader implementation.

Factors shaping innovative behavior: A meta‐analysis of technology adoption studies in agriculture

AbstractThis study conducts a meta‐regression analysis to synthesize the marginal effects of 12 factors that frequently appear in empirical studies examining farmer's technology adoption behavior. The analysis includes 187 observational studies on technology adoption in agriculture, which are published in 32 peer‐reviewed journals in the broader field of agricultural economics, covering farmer's adoption in 47 countries for a diverse range of agricultural technologies. Using this broad meta‐dataset, we investigate whether each of the 12 determinants has a true effect on technology adoption rates and examine whether Type I and Type II publication bias are present in the adoption literature. Our results reveal that while most determinant factors significantly affect adoption rates, their marginal effects are generally of small magnitude and vary considerably by technology type and country group. Additionally, our results provide evidence of the presence of Type I publication bias in half of the factors considered and Type II publication bias in nearly all, underscoring the need for caution when interpreting results in the adoption literature by researchers and policymakers. Overall, the findings highlight the critical need for proactive measures to address publication bias and promote more transparent and credible research practices in agricultural economics.

On Professional Values Under a State of War: Exile Journalists From Ukraine in Russia

This paper discusses the case of exile journalists from Ukraine who moved to Russia between 2014 and 2022. What, in terms of journalistic norms, was unacceptable to them in the Ukrainian journalistic field? What did they find problematic in this respect in Russia? These were the basic questions driving the research, in the course of which 15 exile journalists were interviewed; their answers were analysed using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The findings presented in the paper show that, despite all the difficulties of their personal situations, exile journalist still consider professional values such as independence and truth-telling to be important, continuing to use these normative yardsticks to measure the quality of the journalistic condition. The biggest concern that most of the informants shared was that journalists in both Russia and Ukraine used the language of hatred and discrimination toward political and cultural others, that is so-called antagonistic discourse that only contribute to the spiralling of violence and can never help in reaching peace. These findings allow the suggestion that by occupying a unique position from which to witness the contingency of hegemonic orders exile journalists advocating for peace may re-affirm the values of human dignity and peaceful coexistence, two basic principles of the journalistic profession, as identified by UNESCO.

The role of platforms in the journalistic ecosystem: innovative business models of Italian media outlets

Increased dependence of the news media system on online platforms has caused a readjustment of the traditional business models that supported media enterprises until a few years ago, which in some cases has resulted in a redefinition of the boundaries of the journalistic field. To test the interplay between different strategies of relationship with platforms and a different location within the field, the paper considered four Italian news outlets. Two, Will Media Italia and Factanza, are newcomers, information projects anchored in the logic of online platforms and disseminated almost exclusively on social media. Two, The Post Internazionale and Domani, are inhabitants of the field, media outlets with greater links to the traditional logic of journalism. Through semi-structured interviews conducted with selected members of the four news media outlets, the study aims at answering two key-questions. First: what forms of revenue are the media outlets analyzed aiming for in order to maintain their economic sustainability? How do the characteristics of media outlets influence the use of different forms of advertising, even as a function of the response of the online and platform environments they inhabit, albeit with different strategies? Second-and closely related-how is it preserved, the editorial autonomy of the media outlets analyzed? That is, how do these media outlets attempt to make their business both economically sustainable and not overly dependent on forms of monetization generated by the platforms?

Cairn: Exploring Presence and Place through Reimagined Field Journals

This practice-led research project explores a personal reconnection with the landscape of Aotearoa. It takes the form of eight stacked books which become symbolic "stones" within a "paper cairn”, employing the metaphor of a cairn to represent the marking of significant places. Each book implements elements of illustration, photography, and storytelling to evoke a sense of place and create an immersive exploration of a specific location in Aotearoa. Taking cues from the conventions of field journals as a genre of publication, Cairn takes a phenomenological approach to place, concerned with how a personal experience of each location might manifest visually. Woven throughout is an ode to New Zealand’s natural beauty and exploration off the beaten track.

Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence as a Source of Motivation in the Teaching of Chemistry: A Study with Tenth Grade Students at the Adventist School of Ibagué

The objective of this research has been to evaluate the effect of the integration of Artificial Intelligence on the motivation of students, in the area of Chemistry of tenth grade of the Adventist School of Ibagué. To this end, a methodology with a qualitative approach and a Participatory Action Research design with four phases were used: planning, action, observation and reflection. The information was collected through observation and interview techniques for which field diaries and structured script were used as research instruments. This information was analyzed with the Atlas.ti 23 software, the resulting codes allowed the definition of the categories: experience in the use of artificial intelligence, motivation and commitment, meaningful learning and perceptions about teaching and learning. The results obtained reflect an increase in student motivation and engagement, as well as a favorable impact on meaningful learning. They highlight the pedagogical potential of this resource, to diversify and enrich didactics in the teaching of chemistry. A positive perception by students towards the implementation of AI in the classroom was identified. It is concluded that the use of AI mediated with the design of pedagogical strategies to create learning environments and situations can improve the motivation of students, generating a space for knowledge and meaningful learning. However, challenges were also identified, such as the need for teacher and student training in the management and proper use of technological resources. In addition, the importance of not considering artificial intelligence as a total replacement for the role of the teacher, but as a complementary tool that requires an adequate pedagogical approach, is highlighted.

Developing a safe learning environment in primary-level innovative schools in the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT This study examined how teachers in the Czech primary schooly create a safe learning environment, and identified key strategies they employ to foster a supportive and respectful classroom climate. Particular emphasis was placed on methodological analysis due to new requirements set by the Ministry of Education, which, within the new Competency Framework for Teaching Graduates, demands that teachers be capable of effectively establishing a safe educational setting. Innovative schools serve as crucial sources of inspiration for fulfilling this competence, as they implement progressive pedagogical approaches and methods that can be effectively adapted and applied across various educational contexts. The research was conducted through observations of teachers during classroom instruction and notes taken in field journals using a log. The results revealed that teachers utilise participatory rule-making, promote cooperation over competition, engage in open and non-violent communication, and adopt an individualised approach to teaching. These practices not only contribute to a safe classroom climate but also support the overall personal and academic development of students. The research also uncovered challenges faced by teachers, including maintaining discipline in an environment with high student autonomy and diversifying educational needs. Teachers overcome these challenges with flexible and expert approaches that support safe and inclusive education.

Problem-solving methodology from an STS perspective: a proposal for the teaching of electrochemistry

This work investigates the contributions of the problem-solving (PS) methodology to the teaching of electrochemistry from an STS (science, technology, and society) perspective. The research was undertaken with 82 students from four classes of the 3rd year of high school, at a state public school in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil). Two problems were used, both complying with the characteristics of an effective problem. The research data were obtained from the problem solutions proposed by the students, as well as from the records in the field diary of the researcher. These documents were examined by content analysis, based on categories defined a priori. Analysis of the results showed that the PS methodology contributed to the learning of the students and enabled association between the electrochemistry contents and technological, social, and environmental issues.

Taspuyujun

In Mexico, corn is the main ingredient used to make various dishes, drinks, desserts and sweets. In some peoples of Mesoamerican tradition, corn breads prepared with corn or nixtamalized corn are also consumed, however, it has been little documented. Based on the above, the objective of this article is to show, through ethnographic analysis and testimonies, the validity of the preparation and consumption of Taspuyujun, a nixtamalized corn bread that is consumed daily among the Totonac people of the coast of Veracruz. Fieldwork was conducted in different periods (between 2019 and 2022), privileging ethnographic recording (participant observation, and semi-structured interviews and field diary), questionnaires were carried out through instant messaging applications, interviews through video calls and as well as reviews of printed recipe books of Totonaca cuisine.

Psychological capital and safety in Global North-South cooperation: A field analysis of collaborative investigative journalism across the U.S.-Mexico border

This article builds on a field theoretical analysis of collaborative investigative journalism across the U.S-Mexico (Global North-South) border. The article examines contents produced in investigative collaboration between Salvadoran, Guatemalan, Mexican, and U.S. journalists, exposing human rights violations, crime, and corruption. The article elaborates on the concept of psychological capital and argues for its relevance in the study of cross-border collaborative investigative journalism. A key finding resulting from this research is that in most collaborative projects, psychological and other capital of the Central American and Mexican journalists was outweighed by the capital of the U.S. journalists. The psychological, social, and cultural capital of the Southern journalistic fields were highly relevant for the successful implementation of the examined projects, but not explicitly recognized in most reporting. The article also suggests the Southern journalists did not feel safe enough to suggest critical perspectives challenging the position of their Northern partners, who funded and supervised the collaborations. However, three projects, in which Northern and Southern journalists worked in Central America and Mexico side by side, manifested exemplary solidarity and recognition of the psychological and other capital of the Southern fields. Hence, it seems that witnessing the dangers affecting the region’s journalists firsthand can enable Northern journalists to better understand and appreciate the circumstances in which their Southern partners are living and working, reflected in more genuine appreciation of their psychological, cultural, and social capital.

PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA PARA O ENSINO DO ATLETISMO: INCLUSÃO DE ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA À LUZ DO DESENHO UNIVERSAL PARA A APRENDIZAGEM

Universal Design for Learning is a theoretical approach that considers school diversity and seeks to eliminate learning barriers, promoting accessible and consistent teaching for all. This approach can overcome traditional, teacher-centered pedagogical practices, which hinder the implementation of inclusive and teaching-learning processes for students with disabilities in Physical Education classes. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the inclusive process of students with disabilities in Physical Education classes, using the pedagogical approach based on the Universal Design for Learning in teaching athletics. This research has a qualitative approach and action research design and was developed with a 6th-year elementary school class that included four students with intellectual disabilities. Twenty classes were taught to teach athletics using the principles of Universal Design for Learning. These classes were recorded in a field diary and analyzed using Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. Regarding the results, the students with disabilities were included in Physical Education classes, able to access the curriculum in a diversified way, remained in courses due to variations on the paths relating to bodily practices, and had the teaching-learning process carried out through variant ways to demonstrate appropriate knowledge. Concerning the students without disabilities, the Universal Design for Learning contributed to the teaching-learning process, providing autonomy in the engagement and development of activities. Received: 2024/07/12 Reformulated: 2024/9/27 Accepted: 2024/09/28

The Structural and Temporal Curb of Populism: A Cross-Country Analysis of Authoritarian Populist Influences on Journalism

ABSTRACT As right-wing authoritarian-populism becomes a defining feature of world politics, scholars increasingly acknowledge its challenging impacts on journalism. Focusing largely on the populist rhetoric, this interest leaves the structural influences of authoritarian-populism on the journalistic field across diverse contexts largely unexplored. By drawing on in-depth interviews (n = 83) with journalists in Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, and Turkey, and combining political-economic, institutional and temporal analysis of authoritarian-populism, we develop a structural approach towards authoritarian-populist influences on journalism. We discuss three structural forces that authoritarian-populists in power implement or instrumentalise to influence journalism in respective countries: the discriminatory use of institutional power to deepen the polarisation, the populist intervention into ownership structures of the news media, and the strategic use of digitalisation in journalism. We argue that authoritarian-populism is a process whereby the curb of populist structural forces increases over time as authoritarian-populist politics mature in power.

Liderazgo del Personal de Enfermería en Unidades de Primer Nivel de Atención en Comunidades Indígenas

Leadership is one of the functions of the nursing professional, which equips nurses with the necessary qualities to manage resources, make decisions, and lead a team. When these functions are conducted in primary care units within Indigenous populations, nursing staff may face specific sociocultural and geographical barriers. Aim: to identify the leadership functions applied by nursing staff in health units in Indigenous populations. Methods: community case study following an ethnographic approach through semi-structured interviews with nursing staff and users, participant observation, and the use of field diaries. Results: specific leadership functions performed by nursing staff were identified, as well as some of the barriers they face, such as inadequate communication related to the native language, lack of community support networks, gender role gaps, and geographical barriers. Conclusions: the role of the nursing professional as a leader in primary care units is crucial; however, there are sociocultural and geographical barriers that limit these functions, making it essential to develop strategies to reduce these barriers.