Journals In Field Research Articles

Factors shaping innovative behavior: A meta‐analysis of technology adoption studies in agriculture

AbstractThis study conducts a meta‐regression analysis to synthesize the marginal effects of 12 factors that frequently appear in empirical studies examining farmer's technology adoption behavior. The analysis includes 187 observational studies on technology adoption in agriculture, which are published in 32 peer‐reviewed journals in the broader field of agricultural economics, covering farmer's adoption in 47 countries for a diverse range of agricultural technologies. Using this broad meta‐dataset, we investigate whether each of the 12 determinants has a true effect on technology adoption rates and examine whether Type I and Type II publication bias are present in the adoption literature. Our results reveal that while most determinant factors significantly affect adoption rates, their marginal effects are generally of small magnitude and vary considerably by technology type and country group. Additionally, our results provide evidence of the presence of Type I publication bias in half of the factors considered and Type II publication bias in nearly all, underscoring the need for caution when interpreting results in the adoption literature by researchers and policymakers. Overall, the findings highlight the critical need for proactive measures to address publication bias and promote more transparent and credible research practices in agricultural economics.

On Professional Values Under a State of War: Exile Journalists From Ukraine in Russia

This paper discusses the case of exile journalists from Ukraine who moved to Russia between 2014 and 2022. What, in terms of journalistic norms, was unacceptable to them in the Ukrainian journalistic field? What did they find problematic in this respect in Russia? These were the basic questions driving the research, in the course of which 15 exile journalists were interviewed; their answers were analysed using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. The findings presented in the paper show that, despite all the difficulties of their personal situations, exile journalist still consider professional values such as independence and truth-telling to be important, continuing to use these normative yardsticks to measure the quality of the journalistic condition. The biggest concern that most of the informants shared was that journalists in both Russia and Ukraine used the language of hatred and discrimination toward political and cultural others, that is so-called antagonistic discourse that only contribute to the spiralling of violence and can never help in reaching peace. These findings allow the suggestion that by occupying a unique position from which to witness the contingency of hegemonic orders exile journalists advocating for peace may re-affirm the values of human dignity and peaceful coexistence, two basic principles of the journalistic profession, as identified by UNESCO.

The role of platforms in the journalistic ecosystem: innovative business models of Italian media outlets

Increased dependence of the news media system on online platforms has caused a readjustment of the traditional business models that supported media enterprises until a few years ago, which in some cases has resulted in a redefinition of the boundaries of the journalistic field. To test the interplay between different strategies of relationship with platforms and a different location within the field, the paper considered four Italian news outlets. Two, Will Media Italia and Factanza, are newcomers, information projects anchored in the logic of online platforms and disseminated almost exclusively on social media. Two, The Post Internazionale and Domani, are inhabitants of the field, media outlets with greater links to the traditional logic of journalism. Through semi-structured interviews conducted with selected members of the four news media outlets, the study aims at answering two key-questions. First: what forms of revenue are the media outlets analyzed aiming for in order to maintain their economic sustainability? How do the characteristics of media outlets influence the use of different forms of advertising, even as a function of the response of the online and platform environments they inhabit, albeit with different strategies? Second-and closely related-how is it preserved, the editorial autonomy of the media outlets analyzed? That is, how do these media outlets attempt to make their business both economically sustainable and not overly dependent on forms of monetization generated by the platforms?

Developing a safe learning environment in primary-level innovative schools in the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT This study examined how teachers in the Czech primary schooly create a safe learning environment, and identified key strategies they employ to foster a supportive and respectful classroom climate. Particular emphasis was placed on methodological analysis due to new requirements set by the Ministry of Education, which, within the new Competency Framework for Teaching Graduates, demands that teachers be capable of effectively establishing a safe educational setting. Innovative schools serve as crucial sources of inspiration for fulfilling this competence, as they implement progressive pedagogical approaches and methods that can be effectively adapted and applied across various educational contexts. The research was conducted through observations of teachers during classroom instruction and notes taken in field journals using a log. The results revealed that teachers utilise participatory rule-making, promote cooperation over competition, engage in open and non-violent communication, and adopt an individualised approach to teaching. These practices not only contribute to a safe classroom climate but also support the overall personal and academic development of students. The research also uncovered challenges faced by teachers, including maintaining discipline in an environment with high student autonomy and diversifying educational needs. Teachers overcome these challenges with flexible and expert approaches that support safe and inclusive education.

Problem-solving methodology from an STS perspective: a proposal for the teaching of electrochemistry

This work investigates the contributions of the problem-solving (PS) methodology to the teaching of electrochemistry from an STS (science, technology, and society) perspective. The research was undertaken with 82 students from four classes of the 3rd year of high school, at a state public school in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil). Two problems were used, both complying with the characteristics of an effective problem. The research data were obtained from the problem solutions proposed by the students, as well as from the records in the field diary of the researcher. These documents were examined by content analysis, based on categories defined a priori. Analysis of the results showed that the PS methodology contributed to the learning of the students and enabled association between the electrochemistry contents and technological, social, and environmental issues.

Taspuyujun

In Mexico, corn is the main ingredient used to make various dishes, drinks, desserts and sweets. In some peoples of Mesoamerican tradition, corn breads prepared with corn or nixtamalized corn are also consumed, however, it has been little documented. Based on the above, the objective of this article is to show, through ethnographic analysis and testimonies, the validity of the preparation and consumption of Taspuyujun, a nixtamalized corn bread that is consumed daily among the Totonac people of the coast of Veracruz. Fieldwork was conducted in different periods (between 2019 and 2022), privileging ethnographic recording (participant observation, and semi-structured interviews and field diary), questionnaires were carried out through instant messaging applications, interviews through video calls and as well as reviews of printed recipe books of Totonaca cuisine.

Psychological capital and safety in Global North-South cooperation: A field analysis of collaborative investigative journalism across the U.S.-Mexico border

This article builds on a field theoretical analysis of collaborative investigative journalism across the U.S-Mexico (Global North-South) border. The article examines contents produced in investigative collaboration between Salvadoran, Guatemalan, Mexican, and U.S. journalists, exposing human rights violations, crime, and corruption. The article elaborates on the concept of psychological capital and argues for its relevance in the study of cross-border collaborative investigative journalism. A key finding resulting from this research is that in most collaborative projects, psychological and other capital of the Central American and Mexican journalists was outweighed by the capital of the U.S. journalists. The psychological, social, and cultural capital of the Southern journalistic fields were highly relevant for the successful implementation of the examined projects, but not explicitly recognized in most reporting. The article also suggests the Southern journalists did not feel safe enough to suggest critical perspectives challenging the position of their Northern partners, who funded and supervised the collaborations. However, three projects, in which Northern and Southern journalists worked in Central America and Mexico side by side, manifested exemplary solidarity and recognition of the psychological and other capital of the Southern fields. Hence, it seems that witnessing the dangers affecting the region’s journalists firsthand can enable Northern journalists to better understand and appreciate the circumstances in which their Southern partners are living and working, reflected in more genuine appreciation of their psychological, cultural, and social capital.

PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA PARA O ENSINO DO ATLETISMO: INCLUSÃO DE ESTUDANTES COM DEFICIÊNCIA NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA À LUZ DO DESENHO UNIVERSAL PARA A APRENDIZAGEM

Universal Design for Learning is a theoretical approach that considers school diversity and seeks to eliminate learning barriers, promoting accessible and consistent teaching for all. This approach can overcome traditional, teacher-centered pedagogical practices, which hinder the implementation of inclusive and teaching-learning processes for students with disabilities in Physical Education classes. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the inclusive process of students with disabilities in Physical Education classes, using the pedagogical approach based on the Universal Design for Learning in teaching athletics. This research has a qualitative approach and action research design and was developed with a 6th-year elementary school class that included four students with intellectual disabilities. Twenty classes were taught to teach athletics using the principles of Universal Design for Learning. These classes were recorded in a field diary and analyzed using Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. Regarding the results, the students with disabilities were included in Physical Education classes, able to access the curriculum in a diversified way, remained in courses due to variations on the paths relating to bodily practices, and had the teaching-learning process carried out through variant ways to demonstrate appropriate knowledge. Concerning the students without disabilities, the Universal Design for Learning contributed to the teaching-learning process, providing autonomy in the engagement and development of activities. Received: 2024/07/12 Reformulated: 2024/9/27 Accepted: 2024/09/28

The Structural and Temporal Curb of Populism: A Cross-Country Analysis of Authoritarian Populist Influences on Journalism

ABSTRACT As right-wing authoritarian-populism becomes a defining feature of world politics, scholars increasingly acknowledge its challenging impacts on journalism. Focusing largely on the populist rhetoric, this interest leaves the structural influences of authoritarian-populism on the journalistic field across diverse contexts largely unexplored. By drawing on in-depth interviews (n = 83) with journalists in Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, and Turkey, and combining political-economic, institutional and temporal analysis of authoritarian-populism, we develop a structural approach towards authoritarian-populist influences on journalism. We discuss three structural forces that authoritarian-populists in power implement or instrumentalise to influence journalism in respective countries: the discriminatory use of institutional power to deepen the polarisation, the populist intervention into ownership structures of the news media, and the strategic use of digitalisation in journalism. We argue that authoritarian-populism is a process whereby the curb of populist structural forces increases over time as authoritarian-populist politics mature in power.

Cognitive-Discursive Didactic Sequence to Strengthen Inferential Reading of Elementary School Students

Currently, students in basic secondary school in Colombia have a low performance in reading comprehension at the inferential level. This pedagogical proposal aimed to strengthen the level of inferential reading of students who attend elementary school, through the application of a didactic sequence from the cognitive-discursive perspective. Theoretically, the concepts proposed by Cisneros, Olave and Rojas regarding four types of inferences were assumed. Likewise, the theoretical orientations of Van Dijk (1978), Solé (1992) and Martínez (2002) were taken into account to support the cognitive-discursive perspective adopted in the study. Methodologically, the qualitative approach was used with the action research method, and techniques such as observation, questionnaire, field diary and didactic sequence were used. In relation to the results, it is evident that the participants in the closing questionnaire increased significantly compared to the four types of inference evaluated, thus demonstrating greater interpretation when facing the texts.

AFETIVIDADE E APRENDIZAGEM: A RELAÇÃO PROFESSOR ALUNO EM UMA TURMA DE CRIANÇAS DO CENTRO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL IRMÃ LUCILIA, EM ARRAIAS-TO

This article aims to present a study carried out in a group of the Municipal Center of Early Childhood Education (CMEI) Sr. Lucília, located in the municipality of Arraias-TO, highlighting the importance of affectivity in teaching and learning for the development of children. The main aim of this work is to try to make teachers and managers aware of the importance of doing an educational work in the classroom so that affective relations are privileged, both in resolving conflicts and facilitating the teaching and learning process of young children. This study was carried out based on a bibliographical research, dialoguing with some classic and contemporary theorists that approach the question of affectivity. For the development of the research, it was used the observation of the school environment, notes in field diary and interviews with a teacher and with the pedagogical coordinator, both serving in the CMEI Sister Lucília. The work addresses the teacher-student relationship, the importance of the educator in the teaching process, as well as the detailed description of situations observed by the researcher in the class investigated.

Journalism Beyond the Nation-State: Multiscalar Fields and How to Navigate Them

AbstractAnalysis of journalistic fields is dominated by approaches that take news media at the nation-state level as the major unit of analysis. More recently, sociologists have asked whether we can speak of global journalistic fields. Many scholars have concluded that global journalistic fields are weak at best, and news production remains bounded by nation-states. This paper offers a more fine-tuned understanding of the boundaries of journalistic fields. Drawing on an interview-based qualitative study of regional journalistic fields in contemporary Crimea (a region of Ukraine annexed by Russia in 2014) and in Tatarstan (a region of Russia), I answer the questions “how do states shape the autonomy of regional journalistic fields?” and “how do journalists navigate the limitations they face?” I advance two arguments: first, journalistic fields can be understood as multiscalar fields, and the practices of journalists are shaped by the configuration of political relations along different scales simultaneously (the scale of the city, the region, the national scale, the scale of other nation-states, and the international arena). Second, the scales that exert the most influence on journalistic fields can change depending on whether the nation-state or the region is embroiled in conflict.

Ethnographic Study Found School Library is a Safe Refuge of Solitude for French Urban Middle School Students

A Review of: Joing, I. (2023). The school library: An important place for adolescents’ well-being. An ethnographic experience in a French middle school. Journal of Library Administration, 63(6), 777-796. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2023.2240192 Objective – To understand the role of school libraries in middle school students’ well-being. Design – Ethnographic study consisting of overt participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a written questionnaire. Setting – An urban middle school in northern France between November 2017 and April 2018. Subjects –Students from 10 to 15 years of age and selected school personnel. Methods – Students from three randomly selected classes were invited to complete the questionnaire, and quantifiable responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Other materials collected during the five-month study period, including the researcher’s field journal, interview transcripts, and qualitative questionnaire responses, were analyzed using grounded theory-informed open, axial, and selective coding to discern students’ perception of the library. Main Results – The majority of the 95 students who completed the questionnaire viewed the library as a safe place associated with positive school experiences. However, these favorable impressions gradually decreased as students progressed in their studies, with senior (fourth-year) respondents reporting the lowest positive-to-negative experience ratio, at 1.1 to 1. Thematic clusters that emerged from coding of the rest of study materials further supported these findings, showing that students perceived the library to be both (a) a physical shelter from harsh winter elements during recess or lunch, and (b) a psychological refuge for solitude and peace from negative peer interactions. Nonetheless, (c) limited and unreliable library hours and (d) restrictive rules concerning noise and space access appeared to erode these positive associations over time. Senior students also expressed (e) the desire for more library or general school spaces dedicated to group work. Conclusion – Findings from this ethnographic study highlighted different ways library space contributed to students’ sense of well-being. The study also uncovered some shortcomings in space management that contributed to students’ declining library use and positive perception over the course of middle school. The researcher recommended extending library hours and expanding the diversity of library activities to ensure the space would serve as a welcoming environment not only for students seeking solitude, but also for those desiring more peer collaborations and social connections.

Intermediaries of change: How media-focused non-governmental organizations shape meta-journalistic discourse in Ukraine

Ukrainian media is currently undergoing its most challenging period in history. Still transitioning from political and economic instrumentalization, it has been significantly affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, impacting both safety and the economy. The loss of advertisement revenue has made them dependent on the support of media-focused NGOs and foreign donors. Established by journalists and funded by foreign donors, these organizations find themselves in an ambiguous position – not at the core of the journalistic field, as they do not compete with legacy media in content production and revenues; and not at its periphery, as they actively shape journalism culture in Ukraine by legitimizing and delegitimizing actors, norms, and practices based on their definition of ‘good journalism.’ Due to their autonomy from state and market influence, they manage to combine regulatory and activist functions, monitoring journalists’ adherence to journalistic standards and criticizing violations while supporting the interventionist role of the media in collecting evidence of war crimes and promoting political missions like gender equality. Simultaneously, the ongoing war means that in frontline areas, the transition is held back, as the quality of the media becomes less important than mere access to information. Drawing on nine semi-structured interviews with key actors from prominent NGOs such as Lviv Media Forum, The Reckoning Project, Women in Media, the Institute of Mass Information, and a professional association (National Union of Journalists of Ukraine), conducted online in 2023–2024, this research utilizes discourse analysis to investigate how mediafocused NGOs shape the meta-journalistic discourse in Ukraine.

Media and Citizenship in India: Heteronomy and Autonomy in the Indian Journalistic Field

ABSTRACT Since 2014, India has experienced a shift towards a new phase of democracy, often described as an “ethnic democracy.” Political theorists argue that this phase promotes a Hindu conception of the nation, contrasting with the secularism embedded in the Indian Constitution, and is marked by attacks on ethnic and religious minorities, particularly Muslims. Some media scholars suggest that controlling mass media has been a crucial strategy in generating public consent for hegemonic Hindu nationalism and contend that the media’s subservience to political elites extends beyond the current government to previous political elites, such as the Gandhi dynasty. They challenge Bourdieu’s idea of a field governed by its own rules, asserting that in India, political and economic forces often align to impose conformity, indicating weak rational-legal authority. However, this paper argues that such views overstate media subservience and homogeneity. Instead, this paper provides evidence of diverse representations within mainstream media, demonstrating that there is scope for ideological contestation and adherence to professional norms. This study employs content analysis to examine media portrayals of the anti-Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) protests, using frame analysis as the theoretical framework.

Horta sustentável no âmbito escolar: Uma abordagem CTS junto ao ensino fundamental

We will present here the results of a research that aimed to ascertain the pedagogical potential of an educational product linked to the construction of a sustainable vegetable garden with students of the 5th year of Elementary School. This educational product was structured from a STS (Science, Technology and Society) approach in order to develop learning and skills capable of expanding the students' repertoires about Science, Technology and, mainly, about its implications in our society and environment. Our study is qualitative and as a data collection instrument we used a field diary. The data revealed that pedagogical actions – such as those of school gardens – supported by a STS approach contribute to the formation of students who are more critical about food and healthy processes related to human health.

‘The way they treat us reflects how they see us’: Aspects contributing to social inequities in people with visual disability, a qualitative study

People with visual disabilities encounter multiple barriers in their life experiences, placing them at a social disadvantage compared to sighted individuals. These barriers manifest in a limited access to and exercise of their rights, situations perceived as unfair or inequitable. The present research aimed to understand how inequities are configured in people with visual disabilities, based on practices and perceptions of fairness/unfairness and their expression in relation to access to material goods and services. An instrumental ethnographic case study was conducted within a community-based institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia, focusing on rehabilitation and social inclusion processes for individuals with visual disabilities and their families. Twenty-two semistructured interviews and 37 participant observation exercises were carried out and documented in a field diary. The emerging categories were (1) the family can be an obstacle or an aid in overcoming social injustices; (2) visual disability is a label, it is in the environment, in the way society recognizes it; and (3) from social exclusion to willingly-given inclusion. Our results indicate that inequities are configured primarily in relation to how people close to those with visual disabilities perceive and act towards them, constituting scenarios of cultural injustice (non-recognition). Part of the meanings and practices that people uphold are based on the view of a body considered outside the canon of normality and the non-recognition of a full citizenship, conditioning discriminatory (such as charity and infantilization), stigmatizing and excluding practices. The inclusion of this population group is mediated by the sensibility of the sighted other, a situation that conditions that the access and full enjoyment of rights is a matter of will.

Perceptions of the mouthguard in basketball, rugby, and soccer players. Qualitative study at a public university in Colombia

Background/aimOrofacial and dental injuries in athletes, both amateur and professional, are highly prevalent. Mouthguards are devices to prevent this type of injury; however, athletes believe that the mouthguard limits their performance in the game and decreases their confidence. This study analyzed the perception that some basketball, rugby and soccer players from a public university in Colombia have about the use of mouthguards.Material and MethodsComprehensive qualitative study with ethnographic approach. Twenty-nine players participated. Three data collection tools were used: semi-structured interviews, field diary and discussion groups. Content analysis was carried out using a categorical matrix and triangulation of sources.ResultsParticipants perceive the mouthguard as a device to prevent orofacial and dental injuries, but unattractive to wear during competitions. Factors that determine the use or non-use of the mouthguard are player comfort and adaptability, communication and economic cost.ConclusionsPlayers’ perception of mouthguards in soccer, basketball and rugby is multifactorial, and is mediated by the idea of contact risk during sports practice, prevention of orofacial injuries, influence on sports performance, comfort and adaptability to the mouthguard.

Boundary Work in the Nordic Media Model: Metajournalistic Discourse on Alternative Media in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

ABSTRACT The increasing prominence of alternative news media has been identified as a particular challenge to contemporary established journalism, next to collapsing financial models, platform dependency, falling levels of trust and increased competition. Against this background, this study examines how news editors from 23 established news organizations in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark view the rise and role of alternative news media and thereby the boundaries of the journalistic field. Combining strategic action field theory, boundary work and the concept of metajournalistic discourse, it identifies three metajournalistic discourses—We are the (real) journalists, We are in control (for now), and We are under pressure. Together, these metajournalistic discourses portray alternative news media as a challenge that largely has been overcome, and as currently insignificant actors that clearly do not represent “real journalism”. At the same time, the discourses also display concerns that alternative news media might represent potential future field ruptures via their association with broader potentially detrimental media developments, such as genre-confused media audiences or harassment of journalists.

Territórios da gestão socioambiental e saúde na Amazônia

ABSTRACT Conservation Units (UCs) constitute strategic territorial domains for social and environmental management in the Amazônia. In this study, we question how residents and managers of a UC define their sustainability territories, specifically, in health care. Field research was carried out in a community located in the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve. For data collection, techniques such as interviews, field diary and direct observation were used. As a result, their empirical data show that a large proportion of families had a livelihood based on a family production unit, with an average monthly income below the minimum wage, and generated mainly in agriculture and fishing. Considering the living and health conditions in the reserve, managers and residents interviewed problematize the sustainable assumptions that define current models of UC in the Amazônia, since they do not have strategic actions for the effective human and social development of their families. The notion of health in the Amazon is embedded in collective control over these territories, and if it is not broad enough to encompass them, it needs to be redefined.