Field Efficacy Of Insecticides Research Articles

Field Efficacy of Insecticides against Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): A Major Pest of Litchi and its Management in Bihar, India

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a subtropical fruit; family Sapindaceae. Litchi offers a good potentiality for its cultivation in Bihar both nutritionally and economically. India is the second largest global producer of litchi, next only to China. Litchi fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradely, 1986 Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), litchi mite, leaf cutting weevils, litchi looper, and leaf roller are major pests which attack litchi plant, during different seasons. They cause damage to the litchi plant throughout the year but their seasonal abundance not only damage the plant, but also the fruits. Among these pests, C. sinensis is the prominent one remaining active throughout the year but it’s the peak period was from July to November (as shoot borer) and from March to May (as fruit borer). 30-70% of the dropped. The results revealed that the lowest number of fruits infestation was recorded with Lambda Cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.003% followed by the treatment with Spinosad which gave better result 25 % infestation was. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study management options for litchi fruit and shoot borer C. sinensis by using new control measures.

Field Efficacy of Insecticides and Botanicals for Management of Spotted Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) on Maize (Zea mays L.)

The field investigation was conducted during the Kharif 2021 and 2022 at the Central Research Farm (CRF) of Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was organized in a Randomized Block Design, comprising twelve treatments, each replicated thrice. The treatments included Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.5 ml/l), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (10 ml/l), Thiamethoxam 25 WG (10 gm/kg), Profenophos 50 EC (3ml/l), Cypermethrin 10 EC (4 ml/l), Neem oil 3% (30 ml/l), Verticillium lecani 1.15 WP (15 ml/l), Spinosad 45 SC (0.3 ml/l), Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.40 gm/kg), Indoxacarb 15.8 EC (1.5 ml/l), NSKE 5% (50 ml/l), and control plot. The results showed that the lowest population of stem borer was identified with Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (2.24), (0.82) and (3.61), (2.33) followed by Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (2.41), (1.01) and (3.82), (2.46) during the Kharif seasons of both 2021 and 2022. Neem oil 3%, NSKE 5% were found to be least effective over the other treatments and is significantly superior over the control.

Field Efficacy of Insecticides against Fall Army Worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) on Maize (Zea mays L.)

The field investigation was carried out during the Kharif season 2021 and 2022 in Central Research Farm (CRF), Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments each replicated thrice viz., Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.5 ml/l), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (10 ml/l), Thiamethoxam 25 WG (10 gm/kg), Profenophos 50 EC (3ml/l), Cypermethrin 10 EC (4 ml/l), Neem oil 3% (30 ml/l), Verticillium lecani 1.15 WP (15 ml/l), Spinosad 45 SC (0.3 ml/l), Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.40 gm/kg), Indoxacarb 15.8 EC (1.5 ml/l), NSKE 5% (50 ml/l) and control plot. The result on Spodoptera frugiperda larval population after first and second spray in kharif 2021 and kharif 2022 evaluated that all the treatments were significantly superior over the control. Among the all treatments Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (2.24), (0.82) and (3.61), (2.33) was recorded minimum larval population of the both spray followed by, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (2.41), (1.01) and (3.82), (2.46), Indoxacarb 15.8 EC (2.53), (1.13) and (3.92), (2.55), Thiamethoxam 25 WG (2.66), (1.26) and (3.99), (2.66), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (2.73), (1.33) and (4.06), (2.73) and Spinosad 45 SC (2.86), (1.46) and (4.12), (3.79). In this Profenophos 50 EC (2.93), (1.53) and (4.19), (2.86), Cypermethrin 10 EC (2.99), (1.59) and (4.32), (2.99), Verticillium lecani 1.15 WP (3.06), (1.66) and (4.39), (3.06), Neem oil 3% (3.13), (1.73) and (4.46), (3.13), NSKE 5% (3.19), (1.79) and (4.55), (3.24) is found to be least effective than all the treatments and is significantly superior over the control (4.99), (6.19) and (6.40), (7.19).

Field efficacy of insecticides and neem products against shoot and fruit borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] infesting okra

Field efficacy of insecticides and neem products against shoot and fruit borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] infesting okra

A critical study on field efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides against major insect pests in Okra

Monitoring insect activity through routine surveys is one of the pathologist's key goals. Since the pest management system cannot function without precise estimates of pests and natural enemies or without accurate assessments of plant damage and its impact on yield, the knowledge about insect activity acquired through these surveys is essential. Insect resistance, insect resurgence, toxicity, and environmental pollution are only a few of the issues that have been brought on by the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides without consideration for the financial harm to the crops. In order to determine whether to implement control measures, it is important to regularly check on the number of pests and their state in the crop. Laboratory tests were performed to assess the effectiveness of various botanicals and to determine the development threshold and duration against okra pest insects. Field studies were conducted to examine the succession of pests, seasonal incidence of various insect pests in relation to weather variables, spatial distribution, sequential sampling, and the effectiveness of various insecticides and biopesticides against the most significant insect pests of okra.

Field efficacy of insecticides against chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) and their effect on coccinellids

Considering the economic significance of S. dorsalis in chilli crop, a study was carried out at the ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Ranchi, Jharkhand during the spring season of 2019 and 2020 to find out the effective chemical molecules for managing this pest. Effectiveness of 8 modern insecticides against S. dorsalis and their effect on coccinellid predators was evaluated. Efficacy of insecticides was determined by comparing number of thrips, immature stages and adults of natural enemies, marketable yield in insecticide treated versus untreated control plots. Application of spinosad @70 g a.i./ha, Emamectin benzoate 5 sg @11 g a.i./ha, Imidacloprid 200 sl @40 g a.i./ha and Fipronil 5 sc @30 g a.i./ha were found to be effective against S. dorsalis in chilli. Other insecticides were inconsistent in effectiveness against S. dorsalis population. Fenpropathrin followed by Imidacloprid were found to cause maximum reduction and Spinosad and Emamectin benzoate caused lowest reduction of coccinellid population. Thus, based on the present study, Spinosad, Emamectin benzoate, Fipronil and Imidacloprid are recommended to manage S. dorsalis on rotational basis in chilli ecosystem.

Field Efficacy of Insecticides against Amrasca Biguttula Biguttula Ishida on Okra under Sub-Tropical Conditions

Combination SC formulation of fipronil 4% + acetamiprid 4% @ 750, 1000, 1250 mL ha−1, combination EC formulation of pyriproxyfen 5% + fenpropathrin 15% @ 750 mL ha−1, emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 170 g ha−1 and acetamiprid 20% SP @ 75 g ha−1 were evaluated against cotton jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on okra. Two sprays of fipronil + acetamiprid at all the three doses resulted in 91.1 – 98.3, 90.8–97.1 and 79.7–97.7% reduction over pre-treatment in the populations of A. biguttula biguttula on top, middle and lower leaves of okra, respectively. Fipronil + acetamiprid at all doses were most effective and statistically at par with each other and better than emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid, pyriproxyfen + fenpropathrin in checking A. biguttula biguttula infestation. Emamectin benzoate caused 35.9–71.1% reduction in pest population over pre-treatment. Two sprays of acetamiprid and pyriproxyfen + fenpropathrin reduced A. biguttula biguttula population by 50.9 and 21.7%, respectively.

Relative Abundance and Field Efficacy of Insecticides and Bio-control Agents Against Stem Borer Species in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Background: In India, out of the total loss incurred by different insect pests of paddy, 25 to 30 per cent damage is done by stem borer alone. Many conventional insecticides though have been evaluated against stem borers, yet, most of the chemicals have failed to provide adequate control. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of some newer molecules of insecticides and bio-control agents.Methods: Field trials were conducted to record the seasonal incidence and to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides and bio-control agents against the stem borer species in rice during Kharif and Rabi. Result: Field experiments revealed that during Kharif 2018, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC was highly effective with 92.98 and 91.24 per cent reduction of stem borer infestation over control at vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively and recorded a high yield of 5720 kg/ha followed by spinetoram 11.7 SC with 83.16 and 80.82 per cent reduction of stem borer over control at vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. During Rabi 2019, spinetoram 11.7 SC was highly effective with 92.36 and 93.73 per cent reduction of stem borer infestation over control at vegetative and reproductive stages respectively and recorded a high yield of 4570 kg/ ha, followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC with 84.60 and 91.48 per cent reduction of stem borer at vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. The difference in the efficacy of insecticides during Khaif, 2018 and Rabi, 2019, might be due to shift in the species occurrence of stem borer, with a dominant occurrence of yellow stem borer (80.61%) in Kharif 2018 and pink stem borer (70.00%) in Rabi, 2019. The bio-control agent Trichogramma japonicum exerted minimum reduction of stem borer with a low grain yield of 3946.6 kg/ha.

Field Efficacy of Insecticides and Biopesticides against Blossom Apple Thrips in Himachal Pradesh

Field Efficacy of Insecticides and Biopesticides against Blossom Apple Thrips in Himachal Pradesh

Field efficacy of insecticides against Spodoptera litura in Virginia Tobacco

Results showed that emamectin benzoate 0.0025% and chlorfenapyr 10 SC @ 0.01% gave cent per cent protection to Virginia tobacco against Spodoptera litura infestation followed by metaflumizone 22 SC @ 0.04%. The mean number of leaves damaged, the leaf area damaged and mean number of plants infested in the treatments of emamectin benzoate and chlorfenapyr were on at par with each other and significantly less than all other treatments followed by metaflumizone. These treatments also recorded higer yield parameters in terms of cured leaf, bright leaf and grade index. Chlorfenapyr 10 SC @ 0.01% and metaflumizone 22 SC @ 0.04% can be used for management of S.litura in Virginia tobacco along with emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.0025%.

Field efficacy of some insecticides and biopesticides against rice hispa Dicladispa armigera (Olivier)

Field efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides was studied against rice hispa Dicladispa armigera (Olivier) infesting rice (cv. Kasturi Basmati) during kharif 2014 and 2015 at the CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan. Application of various insecticides viz., dinotefuran 20 SG, triazophos 40 EC, chlorpyriphos 20 EC, monocrotophos 36 SL @ 200g, 500, 1250, 850 ml ha−1, respectively, and biopesticides viz., Beauveria 106 spores ml−1, Melia 5%, Eupatorium 5% @ 5.0, 2.5, 2.5 Lha−1, respectively, proved promising. Dinotefuran was the most effective, while of the biopesticides, Beauveria application was the best. However, maximum returns were obtained with triazophos (BCR=8.8: 1 and 8.0: 1 during 2014 and 2015, respectively at the experimental farm, and 12.2: 1 at farmer's field.

Field efficacy of insecticides and bioinoculants against white grub in sugarcane

Among the insecticides treated against white grub at 15 days after treatment (DAT) imidacloprid 17.8 SL was found significantly superior in reducing the white grub population, followed by chlorantraniliprole, phorate, carbofuran and fipronil. Significant highest yield was recorded (105.4 t/ha) with B: C ratio of 2.37 compared to the untreated control. At 30 DAT, all the insecticides were found superior over untreated control. Regarding the bioinoculants, Metarhizium anisopliae was found significant in reducing the white grub population than other treatments at 15 DAT and at 30 DAT. The pooled mean analysis showed that M. anisopliae was found superior than other treatments with highest % reduction of white grub (85.7). Significant highest yield (104.2 t/ha) with B: C ratio of 2.35 was recorded in M. anisopliae treated plots than other treatments.

Field efficacy of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer in rainfed farming situations of Uttarakhand hills

Field efficacy of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer in rainfed farming situations of Uttarakhand hills

Field efficacy of insecticides against leafhopper infesting okra

Field efficacy of insecticides against leafhopper infesting okra

Field Efficacy of Insecticides Against the West Indian Canefly in Sugarcane, 2016*

Field Efficacy of Insecticides Against the West Indian Canefly in Sugarcane, 2016*

Field efficacy of insecticides and biopesticides against aphid complex in wheat

Amongst five insecticides viz., cypermethrin (cypermil 10 ec), deltamethrin (deca guard 2.8 ec), dichlorvos (nuvan 76 ec), quinalphos (ekalux 25 ec) and thiamethoxam (sitara 25 wG) and two biopesticides, eupatorium (Eupatorium 10 EC) and azadirachtin (Neem Baan 0.3 EC), quinalphos @ 250 g a.i./ha was most effective against aphids in wheat. Eupatorium @ 225 g a.i./ha was found to be least effective. Quinalphos also showed highest grain yield.

Field efficacy of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer

Field efficacy of insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer

Field Efficacy of Insecticides on Population Dynamics of Grain Sucking Bugs of Upland Rice, Oryza Sativa

s: Effectiveness of three insecticides, monocrotophos(Azodrin 60EC), Cypermethrin(Cymbush 10EC) and Carbaryl(Vetox 85WP) at specified spray schedule, were evaluated in comparison to untreated control treatment for the management of common upland rice sucking bugs, Aspavia armigera and Stenocoris claviformis. . Cypermethrin at the rate of 15kg a.i./ha was most effective at reducing the population of of the sucking bugs, 24 and 72 hrs after application while carbaryl at 1.5kg a.i./ha was observed to be most effective in producing residual effect on the sucking bugs. Carbaryl at 1.5kg a.i./ha provided better reduction in the population of rice bugs. The application of the selected insecticides did not result in increase in yield of upland rice. Application of insecticides to control sucking bugs in upland rice should strictly be based on damage threshold of the insect pest.

Field efficacy of insecticides against top borer,Scirpophaga excerptaliswalker infesting sugarcane

Investigations on the efficacy of four insecticides viz., chlorpyriphos, phorate, sevidol, and gamma HCH and three neem products viz., neem seed kernel extract, nimin and neem cake against early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen (Cerambicidae: Lepidoptera), of sugarcane were carried out. Among the four insecticides, gamma HCH was found most effective in reducing the early shoot borer. The highest cane yield (78.8 t/ha) was obtained from the plots treated with gamma HCH at 1.0 Kg a.i. /ha and gave 0.76, 2.28 and 2.66 per cent higher cane yield than sevidol 4:4G @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha, phorate10G @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha and chlorpyriphos 20 EC @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha, respectively than neem products; Nimin, NSKE and neem cake. In spite of the differences in the effect of the various insecticides at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting, there was consistency in the effect of sevidol 4:4G @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha, chlorpyriphos 20 EC @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha, phorate10G @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha and gamma HCH 6G @1.0 Kg a.i. /ha were found statistically at par with each other and significantly superior over other treatments.

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF FLOWER THRIPS IN RELATION TO TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS*

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) is transmitted exclusively by certain species of thrips. Because TSWV can only be acquired by larvae and transmitted by adults, it is essential to determine the ecology of these different life stages to improve management of thrips and TSWV. Furthermore, interspecific differences among vector species complicate management issues. Herein, aspects of the biology and ecology of thrips vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus are discussed and an overview of vector-pathogens interaction is given. The complex of native and adventive Frankliniella species that occur in the southeastern USA is used as a model system for comparing and contrasting species-specific behavioral attributes that affect large-scale spatial and temporal population dynamics. The common Frankliniella species in the southeastern USA include Frankliniella occidentalis, F. fusca, F. bispinosa, and F. tritici. The western flower thrips, F. occidentalis, is considered the predominant vector of TSWV, but F. bispinosa and F. fusca are also vectors. These Frankliniella species have rapid generation times, and adults are highly polyphagous. Numerous hosts may serve as sources for thrips entering tomato fields, yet tomato is a poor reproductive host. Therefore, most of the thrips infesting fields are immigrants. Consequently, thrips dispersal behavior is a key component of TSWV epidemiology. F. occidentalis is a less mobile species than either F. bispinosa or F. tritici. These interspecific differences in the activity levels of adults affect how the species colonize plants and the field efficacy of insecticides against each species. These results show the importance of understanding interspecific variation among vectors for management of TSWV.