Field-based Research Research Articles

버나놀이를 활용한 초등 국악 수업의 연구와 실제

This study aims to help students understand the emotions embedded in Korean music and appreciate the intrinsic values of cultural arts by engaging them in specific activities and diverse experiences through gugak classes. To achieve this, an on-site research lesson utilizing beona-nori (a game of spinning with beona) from cultural heritage included in elementary school textbooks was conducted. The study proposes results and instructional strategies to facilitate the meaningful application of beona-nori in future lessons. Traditional Korean games are composed of songs, dances, and various tools, making them accessible to people of all ages. This broad applicability suggests that their integration into elementary education is highly feasible. Among these games, beona-nori is particularly suitable for elementary gugak education as it can stimulate students' interest and provide rich sensory experiences through its use as a cultural and artistic educational tool. However, it has been observed that many teachers still find gugak challenging. They often feel unsure about teaching it or perceive the content itself as difficult. Therefore, exploring various methods that enable teachers to actively engage with students through play is essential. Field-based research, in particular, captures practical examples of gugak classes, thus reducing the burden of lesson planning and offering direct assistance in applying these methods effectively. This study was conducted with 24 fifth-grade students at H Elementary School in Gyeonggi Province. Given that this research was conducted in an elementary school setting, the proposed teaching methods are deemed feasible for implementation, considering the context of each school. However, given the small scale of the study, generalizing the findings may be challenging.

Changes in field-based research in accounting

PurposeMerchant and Van der Stede (2006) produced a comprehensive analysis of 24 years (1981–2004) of field-based accounting research. This study aims to analyse how the publication of field research in accounting has changed since 2005. In addition, it aims to analyse contributions from specific individuals, institutions and countries, and whether the field studies have contributed to accounting research and textbooks.Design/methodology/approachThe authors identified and classified 1,115 field-based accounting articles published in 14 accounting journals from 2005 to 2022 to uncover any changes. Thereafter, bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from SciVal.FindingsThe results show several significant changes. Firstly, the growth of field studies has more than trebled as nearly all journals published at least some field studies. Secondly, field research is no longer as confined to management accounting as before. It is gaining increasing traction in auditing, financial accounting and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Thirdly, while interview-based accounting research was clearly the most popular, the fastest growth was seen in mixed-methods non-management accounting research. While public sector management control case studies and content analysis of CSR were the most popular topics of interview-based studies, audits were the most popular topic in mixed-methods research. Authors based in large universities in large English-speaking countries have been most productive, followed by authors based in Europe and Asia. Based on citation analysis, the field studies have contributed to academic research substantially more than to textbooks.Originality/valueAn analysis of changes and trends improves the understanding of what has happened in accounting research and the development over time.

Optimized Methods for Applying and Assessing Heat, Drought, and Nutrient Stress of Maize Seedlings in Controlled Environment Experiments.

Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn, is an important crop that plays a crucial role in global agriculture. The economic uses of maize are numerous, including for food, feed, fiber, and fuel. It has had a significant historical importance in research as well, with important discoveries made in maize regarding plant domestication, transposons, heterosis, genomics, and epigenetics. Unfortunately, environmental stresses cause substantial yield loss to maize crops each year. Yield losses are predicted to increase in future climate scenarios, posing a threat to food security and other sectors of the global economy. Developing efficient methods to study maize abiotic stress responses is a crucial step toward a more resilient and productive agricultural system. This review describes the importance of and methods for studying the effects of heat, drought, and nutrient deficiency on early developmental stages of maize grown in controlled environments. Studying the early effects of environmental stressors in controlled environments allows researchers to work with a variety of environmental conditions with low environmental variance, which can inform future field-based research. We highlight the current knowledge of physiological responses of maize to heat, drought, and nutrient stress; remaining knowledge gaps and challenges; and information on how standardized protocols can address these issues.

How much soil do cattle ingest? A review

Beef and dairy cattle commonly ingest soil when consuming forage-based diets in paddock feeding situations. However, the extent of this soil intake is poorly understood in the Australian environment and under Australian grazing systems. Therefore, the aim of the current literature review was to examine soil ingestion in cattle and the factors that affect ingestion. We found 11 studies containing soil-ingestion data, based in England, France, New Zealand and USA but none from Australia. A wide range in soil ingestion rates was reported and intake varied considerably with season, forage-pasture type, pasture-on-offer, stocking rate and grazing conditions. Generally, soil ingestion was lower in beef cattle than in dairy cattle. We considered the differences in reported levels, variables around those differences, and reliability of methodology used, and compared results with existing international guidelines. For Australian applications, we deduced and recommended that 0.5 kg/head.day is used until field-based research is conducted in Australia which might provide a more specific value for Australian conditions. Our review will inform future livestock management, particularly on contaminated agricultural land.

Self-regulatory and self-efficacy mechanisms of weight loss in women within a community-based behavioral obesity treatment.

Given the traditional methods of treating obesity through education on controlling eating and increasing exercise have largely failed beyond the very short term, a more intensive focus on psychosocial correlates of those weight-loss behaviors has been suggested. Multiple behavioral theories incorporate self-regulation, self-efficacy, and mood; however, their interrelations and effects over both the short and long term within cognitive-behavioral obesity treatments remain unclear. Within a novel community-based program with women with obesity who had either low (n = 29) or high (n = 71) mood disturbance scores, there were significant improvements in exercise- and eating-related self-regulation and eating-related self-efficacy-primary targets of that intervention-with no significant difference in those changes by mood disturbance grouping. Changes in the summed exercise- and eating-related self-regulation scores significantly mediated relationships between changes in eating-related self-efficacy and weight (over both 6 and 12months). There were similar results with mediation assessed via the extent exercise-related self-regulation carried over to eating-related self-regulation. In both of those models a reciprocal relationship between self-regulation and self-efficacy changes was indicated. In serial multiple mediation equations, paths of changes in exercise-related self-regulation → eating-related self-regulation → eating-related self-efficacy → weight were significant. However, paths were not significant when change in self-efficacy was entered as the predictor (initial) variable. Findings suggest viability in first focusing on exercise-related self-regulation, then eating-related self-regulation, in the course of increasing self-efficacy and probabilities for inducing enough sustained weight loss to improve obesity-associated health risks. Benefits of field-based research findings generalizing to weight-management applications were suggested.

The Impacts of Invasive Crayfish and Other Non-Native Species on Native Freshwater Crayfish: A Review.

Freshwater crayfish are vital species in ecosystems where they naturally occur, as they hold keystone and ecological engineering positions in these systems. Non-native species are common and widely spread throughout Earth's freshwater ecosystems and can have severe impacts on native crayfish populations. There has yet to be a comprehensive global review of the impacts of non-native species on native crayfish. Two literature searches were conducted using Web of Science and Google Scholar to find articles to address four key aims: (1) summarise trends in the literature; (2) examine the mechanisms by which invasive crayfish impact native crayfish species; (3) examine the mechanisms by which other non-native species, such as fish, impact native crayfish species; and (4) identify gaps in knowledge and research priorities. This review highlights that a far greater amount of research has addressed the effects of invasive crayfish than other non-native species. The research on invasive crayfish focuses on four types of interactions with native crayfish: competition, predation, introduction of disease, and reproductive impacts. Studies addressing the impacts of other non-native species on crayfish indicate that predation and habitat destruction by these species are the key processes impacting native crayfish. It is evident that field-based research, particularly concerning competition between invasive and native crayfish, is limited. Therefore, further in situ research is needed to assess the validity of laboratory results in a natural setting. Additionally, in many cases, the impact of certain non-native species on native crayfish populations has gone unmonitored. For this reason, it is recommended that additional research focus on assessing the impact of these non-native species. To conclude, the impacts of invasive crayfish on native crayfish are profound and wide-ranging, often leading to population decline or extirpation. Further, other non-native species are also likely to have a highly deleterious impact on native crayfish populations; however, more research is required to understand the scope of this impact.

Microbial DNA sample preservation and possible artifacts for field-based research in remote tropical peatlands

Surveying bacterial and archaeal microbial communities in host and environmental studies requires the collection and storage of samples. Many studies are conducted in distant locations challenging these prerequisites. The use of preserving buffers is an important alternative when lacking access to cryopreservation, however, its effectivity for samples with challenging chemistry or samples that provide opportunities for fast bacterial or archaeal growth upon exposure to an aerobic environment, like peat samples, requires methodological assessment. Here, in combination with an identified optimal DNA extraction kit for peat soil samples, we test the application of several commercial and a homemade preservation buffer and make recommendations on the method that can most effectively preserve a microbiome reflective of the original state. In treatments with a non-optimal buffer or in the absence, we observed notable community shifts beginning as early as three days post-preservation lowering diversity and community evenness, with growth-driven artifacts from a few specific phyla. However other buffers retain a very close composition relative to the original state, and we described several metrics to understand some variation across them. Due to the chemical effects of preservation buffers, it is critical to test their compatibility and reliability to preserve the original bacterial and archaeal community in different environments.

Hydraulic conditions created by a ‘large’ diameter Cylindrical Bristle Cluster fish pass

Cylindrical Bristle Clusters (CBCs) provide a multi-species fish passage solution at sloped weirs. Configurations trialled to date (min. diagonal spacing between CBCs up to 0.17 m) were designed to facilitate passage of relatively small (e.g. < 30 cm) potamodromous species and may hamper the movements of larger bodied (e.g. > 40 cm) fishes, such as adult anadromous salmonids. Therefore, in this study, the hydraulic conditions created by an array of large diameter (0.13 m) CBCs positioned farther apart than in previous studies (min. diagonal spacing 0.29 m) was assessed to determine whether conditions would be suitable for facilitating the passage of small-bodied fish while also providing sufficient space for larger individuals to manoeuvre. Two experiments were conducted in an open channel flume. Experiment 1 quantified the hydraulic conditions created by a model Crump weir when unmodified and with CBCs installed in supercritical flow (Fr 1.23–3.01) on the 1:5 downstream sloping face under a low (0.08 m3 s−1) and high (0.23 m3 s−1) discharge. Patches of low water velocity were created in the wake of the CBCs, and the median (time and space averaged) velocity was reduced under both low (30.1%) and high (22.3%) discharge. Based on estimated burst swimming speeds of two common European species, the roach (Rutilus rutilus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) (0.16 m long, swimming at 15.1 °C), this reduction in velocity would facilitate upstream passage. Experiment 2 documented the vertical velocity profile and shear stress characteristics (a measure of turbulence) within the CBC array. Unlike in Experiment 1, the CBCs were installed on the flat base of the flume and under subcritical flow (Fr = 0.31) to generate sufficient water depth. The velocity was reduced (up to 22.5%) at depths that did not exceed (> 2 cm above) the height of the bristles. Above these depths, velocity was (up to 14.6%) higher compared to open channel conditions upstream of the CBC array and a vertical shear layer was evident. As the main hydraulic benefits of CBCs occur at depths that do not exceed the bristles, their height should be tailored to site specific conditions (e.g. size of target fish species and/or depth of water at infrastructure). Field-based research is needed to determine velocity reduction at longer weirs and under a wider range of flows than can be tested under flume conditions. How the hydraulic characteristics of submerged CBCs differ from those described here with those that occur in the field when installed on a steep sloping weir under supercritical flow should be further investigated.

“Two Sides of the Same Coin”: Benefits of Science–Art Collaboration and Field Immersion for Undergraduate Research Experiences

This study examined how incorporating art into an upper-level undergraduate field-based ecology research course influenced students’ communication and collaboration skills, their career goals, and how they conceptualized the scientific method. Student pairs designed an independent research study that used artwork and a scientific research poster to disseminate their findings at an end-of-term exhibit. Students enrolled in either a local or a (subsidized) travel abroad section of the course. Students in both sections found new or deeper connections between art and science, developed a more sophisticated understanding of the science method, became more confident with their science skills, and reported an expanded perspective on their future careers (often including field work and a wider geographic job search). Science–art student teams indicated they wanted more opportunities for collaborative work in the future, and that their final products were more professional due to their collaborations, as compared to science–science teams. Additionally, the travel abroad students benefitted from experiencing new ecosystems and cultures, from working with science and art professionals from other countries, and from working in an isolated field station without distractions.

Vibro stone column ground improvement practice in the United Kingdom

Vibro stone-column (VSC) techniques have been applied in the United Kingdom (UK) since the late 1950s–early 1960s, where they are one of the most commonly adopted ground improvement techniques. While there have been significant advances in VSC equipment development and also in the monitoring of the installation process for the VSC technique over the past 50 years, the design of VSC remains largely empirical and has changed very little since the 1970s. Publication of well-documented case histories and of instrumented field trials has also been limited over the past 25 years in the UK, in a VSC ground improvement market, which is predominantly commerce driven, based on the cheapest price. This has inherent implications for further advancement of design and innovation through funded full-scale field-based research. Current state-of-the-art of VSC in UK ground improvement is reviewed in the above context, together with comments on future challenges.

Rapid molecular species identification of mammalian scat samples using nanopore adaptive sampling

Rapid molecular species identification of mammalian scat samples using nanopore adaptive sampling

Medical Informatics as a Concept and Field-Based Medical Informatics Research: The Case of Turkey

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the position of Turkey in the field of Medical Informatics and assess the general structure of research by analyzing Medical Informatics research with bibliometric methods. Material and Methods: In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of research and review articles generated between 1980 and 2023 from the Web of Science bibliometric data source, utilizing bibliometric methods through the R bibliometrix tool and VosViewer. Results: In the field of medical informatics research in Turkey, the country holds the 27th position with 905 articles, 15,610 citations, and an impressive impact factor of 51, along with an average citation rate of 17.25 per article, based on bibliometric analysis conducted between 1980 and 2023. Notable institutions in this field include Middle East Technical University, Hacettepe University, and Selçuk University. The prominent research topics encompass "neural network(s), machine learning, support vector, health care, decision support, deep learning, EEG signals, classification accuracy," reflecting the areas of intensive investigation. Conclusion: In Turkey, the field of medical informatics has lagged slightly behind basic engineering sciences or medical sciences. The domain exhibits a multidisciplinary structure intersecting with various engineering fields such as computer science, software engineering, industrial engineering, artificial intelligence engineering, and electronic engineering. To enhance productivity in this field, greater collaboration with other research areas can be pursued. Additionally, it is recommended to urgently establish four-year undergraduate programs specifically dedicated to medical informatics or health informatics at universities.

Intermonitor Variability of Garmin Vivofit® Jr. Wristband

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of Garmin Vivofit® Jr. physical activity (PA) wristbands during daily life physical activities. Six wristbands were randomly selected from a stock of twenty-four. The wristbands were worn by a single four-year-old participant, with three on the right wrist area and three on the left wrist area. To assess device reliability under laboratory conditions on a treadmill (Powerjog, model JM200, Sport Engineering Ltd., Birmingham, UK), the participant wore the six wristbands while performing five work conditions: sitting and standing (30 times per minute, controlled by a metronome), walking at 3 km/h, walking at 4 km/h, running at 5 km/h, and running at 6 km/h. Throughout the six minutes, variables related to physical activity provided by the device, step volume, and minutes of physical activity were recorded using the specific application of the wristband (Garmin International Inc., Olathe, KS, USA). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were high for all six wristbands with each other, for both the number of steps taken (ICC = 0.991–0.998) and the number of minutes of PA (ICC = 0.892–0.977). The critical alpha value of the Cusum test was highest at.050 for all wristband associations. In conclusion, good reliability was found among the six wristbands, which could be adopted for field-based research to quantify physical activities.

Journalistic Professionalism in a Time of Paradoxes: Ntv Online and “Alternative Voice” in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This article explores the specific work mechanisms journalists use to promote the ideology of good and independent journalism at the online news services of Ntv station in Bangladesh. Along with the journalistic scholarships on issues of heightened state surveillance on broadcast and online communications by the hybrid regime and its relation to broader questions of how dissidents and alternative voices struggle to gain visibility in the context of media freedom and democracy in Bangladesh, the theoretical framework of the political economy of communication and concepts of alternative voice are employed in this study. It scrutinizes the implications of state control measures upon journalistic praxis and examines how journalists at Ntv Online – a digital section of this television station, perceive the “alternative voice” to become the place for public deliberation. Built on field-based case study research and in-depth interviews with reporters and editors at Ntv Online, this study reveals that Ntv Online is materializing the concept of “alternative voice” by opening up access to media production. This is empowering those who are involved in news-making processes. At a professional level, this study aimed to contribute to the online news-making process while capturing the experiences of conflict and challenges journalists face.

Analysis of Morphological Change during a Co-invading Assemblage of Lizards in the Hawaiian Islands

Phenotypic change plays diverse roles in species’ colonization, but most invasion studies target single species. To compare ecomorphological changes among co-invading species with overlapping niches, we examined three lizards on the island of O‘ahu (Anolis carolinensis, A. sagrei, Phelsuma laticauda). Using specimens from three decades of unfolding invasions obtained through museum collections and contemporary field work, we quantified shifts in three traits: snout vent length (SVL), forelimb-, and hindlimb-length (limb lengths relative to SVL). We hypothesized that competition among these three species has led to ecological shifts that will be detectable through morphological change. Overall, we found that unique patterns of phenotypic change were both species-specific and sex-specific within species: (1) male A. sagrei, female A. carolinensis, and male P. laticauda increased in SVL and (2) relative hindlimb length increased in female A. carolinensis since the 1980s. The observed changes involve traits that may be consequential to invasion dynamics. This study illustrates how museum- and field-based research can be integrated to document nuanced temporal patterns in the phenotypes of co-invading species that share similar niches in native ranges, raising questions about the underlying process(es) driving species- and sex-specific change in co-invaded systems.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of vaccination against colibacillosis in broiler production.

Colibacillosis, a disease caused by Escherichia coli in broiler chickens has serious implications on food safety, security, and economic sustainability. Antibiotics are required for treating the disease, while vaccination and biosecurity are used for its prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted under the COST Action CA18217-European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT), aimed to assess the efficacy of E. coli vaccination in broiler production and provide evidence-based recommendations. A comprehensive search of bibliographic databases, including, PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science and Agricola, yielded 2,722 articles. Following a defined protocol, 39 studies were selected for data extraction. Most of the studies were experimental infection trials, with only three field studies identified, underscoring the need for more field-based research. The selected studies reported various types of vaccines, including killed (n = 5), subunit (n = 8), outer membrane vesicles/protein-based (n = 4), live/live-attenuated (n = 16), and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) (n = 6) vaccines. The risk of bias assessment revealed that a significant proportion of studies reporting mortality (92.3%) or feed conversion ratio (94.8%) as outcomes, had "unclear" regarding bias. The meta-analysis, focused on live-attenuated and CpG ODN vaccines, demonstrated a significant trend favoring both vaccination types in reducing mortality. However, the review also highlighted the challenges in reproducing colibacillosis in experimental setups, due to considerable variation in challenge models involving different routes of infection, predisposing factors, and challenge doses. This highlights the need for standardizing the challenge model to facilitate comparisons between studies and ensure consistent evaluation of vaccine candidates. While progress has been made in the development of E. coli vaccines for broilers, further research is needed to address concerns such as limited heterologous protection, practicability for application, evaluation of efficacy in field conditions and adoption of novel approaches.

Field based research in the era of the pandemic in resource limited settings: challenges and lessons for the future.

The coronavirus pandemic that began in December 2019, has had an unprecedented impact on the global economy, health systems and infrastructure, in addition to being responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The "new normal" has brought along, unforeseen challenges for the scientific community, owing to obstructions in conducting field-based research in lieu of minimizing exposure through in-person contact. This has had greater ramifications for the LMICs, adding to the already existing concerns. As a response to COVID-19 related movement restrictions, public health researchers across countries had to switch to remote data collections methods. However, impediments like lack of awareness and skepticism among participants, dependence on paper-based prescriptions, dearth of digitized patient records, gaps in connectivity, reliance on smart phones, concerns with participant privacy at home and greater loss to follow-up act as hurdles to carrying out a research study virtually, especially in resource-limited settings. Promoting health literacy through science communication, ensuring digitization of health records in hospitals, and employing measures to encourage research participation among the general public are some steps to tackle barriers to remote research in the long term. COVID-19 may not be a health emergency anymore, but we are not immune to future pandemics. A more holistic approach to research by turning obstacles into opportunities will not just ensure a more comprehensive public health response in the coming time, but also bolster the existing infrastructure for a stronger healthcare system for countries.

Community resilience building in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (DN): action learning and political work

ABSTRACT Old, often neglected downtown neighborhoods are usually the salt of the city, the center of its original culture, and the area of an authentic community anchored in traditional values as: an ethos of work, loyalty, multi-generational family, independence. In the process of city regeneration, instead of making urban space more attractive, such neighborhoods are treated as an obstacle and therefore subjected to various forms of oppression (spatial, political, discursive). On the basis of those negative diagnoses, a project of participatory action and learning has been constructed, the goal of which is individual and structural empowerment of disadvantaged neighborhoods (communities) as well as action learning opportunities for social work/social pedagogy students. The locality development makes communities more effective in resisting the oppression of large municipal investments. The plan assumed a joint action (academics, practitioners, students, city officers, inhabitants) of rebuilding the historical and social pride of the communities and then including them as active and important elements of the city also in terms of the labor market and political power. Other important goals were a participatory model of social work education (field-based research learning) and an increase in social recognition of disadvantaged neighborhoods (political result).

Psychosocial impacts of Baby Friendly Spaces for Rohingya refugee mothers in Bangladesh: A pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Baby Friendly Spaces (BFS), a psychosocial support program for Rohingya refugee mothers of malnourished young children in Bangladesh. Because BFS was already being implemented, we examined the benefit of enhancing implementation supports. In matched pairs, 10 sites were randomized to provide BFS treatment as usual (BFS-TAU) or to receive enhanced implementation support (BFS-IE). 600 mothers were enrolled and reported on maternal distress, functional impairment, subjective well-being and coping at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear regression models to account for clustering; sensitivity analyses adjusted for the small number of clusters. Significant within-group improvements in BFSIE were observed for distres (-.48, p=.014), functional impairment (-.30, p=.002) and subjective well-being (.92, p=.011); improvements in BFS-TAU were smaller and not statistically significant. Between-group comparisons favored BFS-IE for distress (β=-.30, p=.058) and well-being (β=.58, p=.038). Sensitivity adjustments produced p-values above .05 for all between-group comparisons. Feasible adjustments to implementation can improve program delivery to increase impact on maternal distress and well-being. Although results should be interpreted with caution, study design limitations are common in pragmatic, field-based research.

Identifying Factors Influencing the Development of Sports Entrepreneurship with an Emphasis on Sports Startups

The aim of this research was to identify factors influencing the development of sports entrepreneurship, with an emphasis on sports startups in the country. The research employed a mixed-method approach and was applied in nature. In terms of data collection and information gathering, it was field-based and descriptive-survey research. The statistical population of this study included members of the board of directors of sports startups, experts in the field, and specialists. The research samples were selected purposefully, with 38 participants in the qualitative section and 208 in the quantitative section, based on the research objectives and reaching theoretical saturation. To analyze the interviews conducted and to enhance the accuracy and validity of the analysis, the interviews were fully recorded and then transcribed. The researcher then reviewed and coded each interview individually. Additionally, in the quantitative section, structural equation modeling (SEM) using PLS software was employed. The results of the coding process revealed that the factors influencing the development of sports startups include five components: supportive factors, advertising, technology, market awareness, and culture. In the quantitative section, the identified factors were presented to the research sample in the form of a closed questionnaire. The quantitative results also indicated that the five identified factors have a significant impact on the development of sports startups. The factors identified in this research should receive serious attention from sports managers to foster the growth of sports startups.