Field Ambulance Research Articles

A South Asian neutral power in the United Nations: India’s peacekeeping mission on the Korean peninsula (1947–1955)

The end of World War II (1939–1545) by Germany’s (May 8) and Japan’s surrender (August 15) brought a major socio-political transformation in the colonialised nations of Asia. The independence of the Korean Peninsula from the Japanese imperialism was not smoothly implemented for a peaceful settlement. Rather, the ideological camps of communism (=socialism) and democracy (=capitalism) dominated in the region, which became the hub of the Cold War in the late 1940s and the 1950s. The local citizens confronted the political conflict for the unified Korea. The US allied with the UN, turning against North Korea and its socialist allies. Meantime, India emerged in the UN for the Korean issues. Then, how did India, the new international leader, involve the process of the post-colonial unification (1948–1950) with the major powers (the US, the Soviet Union, China and the UK)? What about the position of India during the Korean War (1950–53)? How can one interpret India’s policy on the POW repatriation issue (1953–1955)? This paper explores the non-military initiatives of the South Asian country as a ‘neutral power’ through the cases of India’s authority within the United Nations (Temporary) Commission on Korea (UN(T)COK), the 60th Parachute Field Ambulance (PFA), and Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission (NNRC) and Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC). This paper argues that the soft diplomacy of India strategically established the foundation of a peacekeeping mission on the Korean Peninsula (1947–1955) even though the politico-historical relationship with the Soviet Union and China frequently caused serious misunderstands for South Korea.After all, India was not even three years old at the outbreak of the conflict (Korean War). It also had extremely difficult domestic problems, a hostile Pakistan on its flanks and the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—a potential threat … Still, India was the largest and most vocal Third World country not embedded in the emerging Cold War alliance structure, with Nehru the champion of anti-imperialism and neutralism (Barnes, 2013b, p. 265)

Abstract TP5: Early Intubation Of Hyperacute Stroke Patients In The Emergency

Background: Stroke patients at times will present to the emergency department in unstable condition necessitating early intubation. Given the time-sensitive nature of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke, we sought to characterize the rates and predictors of intubation on ED arrival for hyperacute stroke patients transported by paramedics. Methods: Subjects were participating in the NIH Field Administration of Stroke Therapy Magnesium (FAST-MAG) clinical trial. Subjects were enrolled in the field ambulance within 2 hours of last known well and taken to their usual care emergency department. Early intubation was noted by study nurses on their initial NIHSS after ED arrival. Results: A total of 1700 cases were included, aged 69±13 years, 42.6% were women, median NIHSS on ED arrival was 9 [IQR 3-17], final diagnosis was cerebral ischemia in 73.3%, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 22.8%, and a stroke-mimicking condition in 3.9%. The median time form last known to ED arrival was 59 minutes. Early ED intubation was more common in ICH compared to CI or mimic (18% vs. 1% vs. 3%, p<0.001). Early intubation was associated with higher NIHSS [32 v 9]. The final diagnosis for both stroke mimic cases with early intubation was seizure. Among the 88 cases intubated early in the ED, there were 71 (81%) ICH, 15 (17%) ischemia and 2 (3%) mimics. Rates of TPA utilization in cerebral ischemia cases were 53% in the intubated group and 36% in the non-intubated group. Conclusion: Early intubation in the ED was more common in the ICH cases and occurred in only 1% of cerebral ischemia cases.

Some reflections on Operation Corporate - the Falklands Campaign.

At the time of the Falklands Campaign (Operation Corporate), apart from performing clinical dentistry, the Royal Army Dental Corps (RADC) dental officer's combat role included acting as a resuscitation officer attached to a field hospital or a field ambulance. It was in that role that three dental officers from the RADC became involved in the campaign. This paper reflects their experiences in the operation.

Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of curcumin attenuates depression in olfactory bulbectomized rats

BackgroundCurrent therapies for depression remain limited and plagued by various side effects. Problems associated with curcumin administration include poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability issues. Hence to overcome these, curcumin self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) which will result in a nanosize emulsion droplets when administered in vivo were formulated in the present study. MethodsDepression was induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy and the animals were randomized into 8 groups as normal, control [(vehicle 10 ml/kg, p.o., (per oral)], pure curcumin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, p.o.), and curcumin SMEDDS (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, p.o). After 14 days of respective treatment, behavioral parameters such as open field test (OFT), ambulation counts and passive avoidance response (PAR) were evaluated. At the end of experiments, blood was withdrawn from r.o.p (retro orbital plexus) for serum cortisol estimation. ResultsIn OFT, increased central area frequency, peripheral area frequency, central area duration and decreased rearing and grooming were recorded with an increased ambulation counts. In PAR, significant reduction in number of trials and step down from platform was observed in the animals treated with test drug. Serum cortisol level was also found to be decreased in the test groups. ConclusionBehavioral and biochemical estimations in the present study revealed the improved brain permeability and further increase in biological activity of curcumin SMEDDS.

Alexander 'Lippy' William Lipmann Kessel, from 'Surgeon at Arms' to 'Surgeon of Arms'.

Alexander William Lipmann Kessel (1914-1986) was as surgeon connected to the 16th Parachute Field Ambulance Royal Army Medical Corps and as such he was dropped in The Netherlands in September 1944 to care for the wounded during the battle for the Rhine bridge at Arnhem. His military and post military career were inspirational and led to preservation of lives during the war and progress in orthopaedic surgery after the war. In this paper, we discuss his biography and the contributions he made to orthopaedic surgery.

Ronald Wellesley Pigott: plastic surgeon who specialised in cleft lip and palate repairs

Ronald Wellesley Pigott was born in Isfahan, Persia (now Iran), the son of a general practitioner who settled in Kettering, Northamptonshire. He attended Oakham School. His friend and colleague, Brian...

Potassium and magnesium as the main bioelements' markers of emotional status of mobile ambulance medical personnel, working in the northern region

Objective: to assess the concentration of magnesium and potassium in the hair and their intake from food in medical workers of mobile ambulance teams working in the Northern region. The elemental status and daily diets of 110 medical workers of Khanty-Mansiysk were studied: 54 ambulance teams with an irregular rhythm of professional activity (10 or more night shifts per month) and 56 – out-patient shifts (day shift work). There was a signifi cant decrease in the concentration of Mg (p=0.005) and K (p=0.0004) in the hair of the fi eld ambulance personnel compared to the health workers of the clinic. The defi cit of varying severity of magnesium was revealed in 50 %, and potassium in almost 67 % of the field ambulance personnel and much less in health workers of the out-patient department: magnesium defi ciency – in 30 %, and potassium in 29 %. Almost the same defi cit was observed in dietary intake: magnesium (82-80,3 % AUP) and potassium (86,4-85,9 % AUP). The results of the study indicate professional changes in the micro nutrient status of health workers with an irregular rhythm of professional activity living in the Northern region, that must be corrected with the help of vitamin and mineral complexes and enriched food products.

Response of the Australian Medical Services to restoration of mobile warfare on the Western Front in 1918 (part II).

On 4 July 1918, at the Battle of Hamel, the Australian Medical Services used a Field Ambulance Resuscitation Team for the first time, delivering life-saving blood transfusion and early definitive surgery to badly wounded soldiers very soon after their wounds had been inflicted. During the closing months of the war, many lives and limbs were saved by early resuscitation and effective surgery, an achievement that stands out in marked contrast to the situation in 1914, when inadequate resuscitation, outdated surgical methods and appalling delays in delivering treatment resulted in great numbers of unnecessary deaths.

Calgary, Edmonton and the University of Alberta: the extraordinary medical mobilization by Canada's newest province.

The Canadian contribution of medical services to the British Empire during the First World War was a national endeavour. Physicians from across the country enlisted in local regiments to join. No other region provided more physicians per capita than the newly formed province of Alberta. Largely organized through the Medical School of the University of Alberta, the No. 11 Canadian Field Ambulance out of Edmonton and the No. 8 Canadian Field Ambulance out of Calgary ultimately enlisted between one-third and half of the province's doctors to the war campaign. Many individuals from this region distinguished themselves, including LCol J.N. Gunn from Calgary, who commanded the No. 8 Canadian Field Ambulance; Maj Heber Moshier, one of the founders of the School of Pharmacy at the University of Alberta; and Dr. A.C. Rankin, who would go on to be the first Dean of Medicine at the University of Alberta. These Canadian heroes, and the many others like them who served with the No. 8 and 11 Field Ambulances, personify the sacrifice, strength and resilience of the medical community in Alberta and should not be forgotten.

A sensitive and reliable test instrument to assess swimming in rats with spinal cord injury

For clinical translation of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) research, evaluation of animal SCI models should include several sensorimotor functions. Validated and reliable assessment tools should be applicable to a wide range of injury severity. The BBB scale is the most widely used test instrument, but similar to most others it is used to assess open field ambulation. We have developed an assessment tool for swimming in rats with SCI, with high discriminative power and sensitivity to functional recovery after mild and severe injuries, without need for advanced test equipment. We studied various parameters of swimming in four groups of rats with thoracic SCI of different severity and a control group, for 8 weeks after surgery. Six parameters were combined in a multiple item scale, the Karolinska Institutet Swim Assessment Tool (KSAT). KSAT scores for all SCI groups showed consistent functional improvement after injury, and significant differences between the five experimental groups. The internal consistency, the inter-rater and the test–retest reliability were very high. The KSAT score was highly correlated to the cross-section area of white matter spared at the injury epicenter. Importantly, even after 8 weeks of recovery the KSAT score reliably discriminated normal animals from those inflicted by the mildest injury, and also displayed the recovery of the most severely injured rats. We conclude that this swim scale is an efficient and reliable tool to assess motor activity during swimming, and an important addition to the methods available for evaluating rat models of SCI.

Some notes on the tactical handling of field ambulances in mobile warfare.

![Graphic][1]</img> This paper was published soon after the end of the First World War to stimulate discussion on the appropriate level of command for the medical unit tasked with clearing...

Effects of chronic HIV-1 Tat exposure in the CNS: heightened vulnerability of males versus females to changes in cell numbers, synaptic integrity, and behavior

HIV-associated damage to the central nervous system results in cognitive and motor deficits. Anti-retroviral therapies reduce the severity of symptoms, yet the proportion of patients affected has remained the same or increased. Although approximately half of HIV-infected patients worldwide are women, the question of whether biological sex influences outcomes of HIV infection has received little attention. We explored this question for both behavioral and cellular/morphologic endpoints, using a transgenic mouse that inducibly expresses HIV-1 Tat in the brain. After 3 months of HIV-1 Tat exposure, both sexes showed similar reduced open field ambulation. Male Tat+ mice also showed reduced forelimb grip strength and enhanced anxiety in a light–dark box assay. Tat+ males did not improve over 12 weeks of repeated rotarod testing, indicating a motor memory deficit. Male mice also had more cellular deficits in the striatum. Neither sex showed a change in volume or total neuron numbers. Both had equally reduced oligodendroglial populations and equivalent microglial increases. However, astrogliosis and microglial nitrosative stress were higher in males. Dendrites on medium spiny neurons in male Tat+ mice had fewer spines, and levels of excitatory and inhibitory pre- and post-synaptic proteins were disrupted. Our results predict sex as a determinant of HIV effects in brain. Increased behavioral deficits in males correlated with glial activation and synaptic damage, both of which are implicated in cognitive/motor impairments in patients. Tat produced by residually infected cells despite antiretroviral therapy may be an important determinant of the synaptodendritic instability and behavioral deficits accompanying chronic infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0676-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

James C Leask

After qualifying from Aberdeen University, where he was also awarded a football blue for three consecutive years, James Leask joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving in Light Field Ambulance....

Michael James Riddell

Having won a scholarship to St Thomas’ Hospital at 17, Michael James Riddell qualified during the Blitz, with memories of the bombing of the private wing at the hospital in...

Wadi Yusuf Nassar

Wadi Yusuf Nassar, died in Wythenshawe Hospital after a sudden and unexpected deterioration in his health, having had prostatic cancer for some time. He was born in Jifna, a small...

Charles Geoffrey Lloyd

After qualifying Charles Geoffrey Lloyd did a couple of house jobs and was then called up for National Service, which he spent as a medical officer in the Royal Army...

John Magoveny King

After house jobs in Greenock Royal Infirmary and Glasgow Western Infirmary, John Magoveny King (“Jack”) was called up to the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving first as a regimental medical...

Human Extraversion and Ambulation in Rats

In this paper we are trying to prove whether the open field ambulation of the rat can be considered as a good index of extraversion behavior. Our findings reveal that high open field ambulation is associated with other behaviors related to extraversion one. Furthermore they reveal that «changes» in measure (light-darkness test) is the best index of extraversion

Field Training – River Crossing by Lt Col A Low RAMC

Corresponding Author: Major EA Cameron RAMC, Army Medical Directorate, FASC, Slim Road, CAMBERLEY, Surrey, GU15 4NX Email: Ewan.Cameron@lshtm.ac.uk Over the last few months I have on occasion found myself at...

Central nervous system effects of metal oxide nanoparticles applied into the airways of rats

Event Abstract Back to Event Central nervous system effects of metal oxide nanoparticles applied into the airways of rats András Papp1* and Leila Sarkozi1 1 Department of Public Health, University of Szeged , Hungary Nervous system is a target for environmental xenobiotics including the heavy metals manganese, lead and cadmium. In casting, welding, waste incineration etc., metals generate oxide fumes consisting of microscopic and submicroscopic airborne solid particles, inhalation of which is a major way of occupational metal exposure. In the studies presented, nanoparticulate (mean diameter 20-30 nm) metal oxides (MnO2, CdO2, PbO) were synthesized, suspended in distilled water and instilled into the trachea of rats 5 times a week for 6 weeks (metal doses per kg b.w.: 2.63 and 5.26 mg Mn; 0.04 and 0.4 mg Cd; 2 and 4 mg Pb). At the end, the rats had an open field spontaneous motility test, and were prepared in urethane anaesthesia for recording spontaneous and stimulus-evoked cortical activity. In the higher dose Mn-treated rats, the percentage of open field ambulation and rearing decreased while local activity and immobility increased. Cd had no effect on motility, whereas Pb caused dose-dependently decreased rearing and somewhat increased ambulation. Spontaneous cortical activity was shifted by all three metals to higher frequencies. Cortical evoked potentials had lengthened latency in the higher dose rats, more pronounced with Mn and Cd than with Pb. The frequency dependence of the somatosensory evoked potential latency was increased by Cd and Pb but not by Mn. These effects were similar to previous results with oral application of the same metals. Nanoparticulate metals had apparently access form the airways to the CNS. Human nervous system damage by metal fumes inhalation can be modelled this way. Conference: 12th Meeting of the Hungarian Neuroscience Society, Budapest, Hungary, 22 Jan - 24 Jan, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Pathophysiology and neurology - non-degenerative disorders Citation: Papp A and Sarkozi L (2009). Central nervous system effects of metal oxide nanoparticles applied into the airways of rats. Front. Syst. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: 12th Meeting of the Hungarian Neuroscience Society. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.01.2009.04.126 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 04 Mar 2009; Published Online: 04 Mar 2009. * Correspondence: András Papp, Department of Public Health, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary, ppp@puhe.szote.u-szeged.hu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers András Papp Leila Sarkozi Google András Papp Leila Sarkozi Google Scholar András Papp Leila Sarkozi PubMed András Papp Leila Sarkozi Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.