Fidelity Index Research Articles

Redefining artificial lighting through spectral engineering of light sources for well-being

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized artificial lighting, but also exposed the detrimental health effects that stem from insufficient exposure to natural light. Human-centric artificial lighting requires both visual quality and circadian lighting performance that mimics daylight’s evolving spectral power distribution (SPD). Here, we present a color-tunable LED-based light source that achieves SPDs similar to various conditions of daylight and incandescent lighting over the range of visible wavelengths. This light source is comprised of a linear combination of light converter channels containing dyes exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) fabricated through additive manufacturing, photoexcited by violet-emitting LEDs (VLED). This hybrid light source establishes a new benchmark for state-of-the-art artificial lighting at approximating daylight, with Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) color gamut index Rg values within 3%, IES color fidelity index Rf values within 7% through CCT values ranging from 4277 K to 22,333 K. We propose efficiency metrics to accurately quantify similarity between light sources and the respective reference daylight spectrum encompassing visual and circadian effects, facilitating WLED benchmarking. The efficiency metrics pertaining to circadian lighting performance remain within 10% over the same CCT range. These results advance lighting science to address simultaneously the grand challenges of health and sustainability.

The Comparison of PISA 2015-2018 Mathematics Trend Items Based on Item Response Times

This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between students' response times, item characteristics, and the effort invested during the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 and 2018 cycles. Through the analysis of data obtained from 69 mathematics trend items administered in a computer-based format across both cycles, this research investigates the dynamics of students' response times and their implications on effort and item characteristics. Findings reveal a significant increase in students' mean response times in the 2018 cycle compared to 2015, indicating potentially heightened effort and solution behavior. Notably, item formats exerted a substantial influence on response times, with open-ended items consistently eliciting lengthier response times compared to multiple-choice items. Additionally, a correlation between response times and item difficulty emerged, suggesting that more challenging items tend to consume more time, possibly due to the complexity of involved cognitive processes. Item based effort, assessed through Response Time Fidelity (RTF) indices, highlighted that a majority of students exhibited solution behavior across both cycles to the items.. Moreover, a decrease in the proportion of students displaying rapid-guessing behavior was observed in the 2018 cycle, potentially reflecting increased engagement with the assessment. While providing insights into the interplay of response times, item characteristics, and effort, this study emphasizes the need for further exploration into the multifaceted nature of effort in educational assessments. Overall, this research contributes valuable perspectives on nuances surrounding test performance and effort evaluation within PISA mathematics assessments.

A complex ePrescribing antimicrobial stewardship-based (ePAMS+) intervention for hospitals: mixed-methods feasibility trial results

BackgroundAntibiotic resistant infections cause over 700,000 deaths worldwide annually. As antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) helps minimise the emergence of antibiotic resistance resulting from inappropriate use of antibiotics in healthcare, we developed ePAMS+ (ePrescribing-based Anti-Microbial Stewardship), an ePrescribing and Medicines Administration (EPMA) system decision-support tool complemented by educational, behavioural and organisational elements.MethodsWe conducted a non-randomised before-and-after feasibility trial, implementing ePAMS+ in two English hospitals using the Cerner Millennium EPMA system. Wards of several specialties were included. Patient participants were blinded to whether ePAMS+ was in use; prescribers were not. A mixed-methods evaluation aimed to establish: acceptability and usability of ePAMS+ and trial processes; feasibility of ePAMS+ implementation and quantitative outcome recording; and a Fidelity Index measuring the extent to which ePAMS+ was delivered as intended. Longitudinal semi-structured interviews of doctors, nurses and pharmacists, alongside non-participant observations, gathered qualitative data; we extracted quantitative prescribing data from the EPMA system. Normal linear modelling of the defined daily dose (DDD) of antibiotic per admission quantified its variability, to inform sample size calculations for a future trial of ePAMS+ effectiveness.ResultsThe research took place during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, from April 2021 to November 2022. 60 qualitative interviews were conducted (33 before ePAMS+ implementation, 27 after). 1,958 admissions (1,358 before ePAMS+ implementation; 600 after) included 24,884 antibiotic orders.Qualitative interviews confirmed that some aspects of ePAMS+ , its implementation and training were acceptable, while other features (e.g. enabling combinations of antibiotics to be prescribed) required further development. ePAMS+ uptake was low (28 antibiotic review records from 600 admissions; 0.047 records per admission), preventing full development of a Fidelity Index. Normal linear modelling of antibiotic DDD per admission showed a residual variance of 1.086 (log-transformed scale). Unavailability of indication data prevented measurement of some outcomes (e.g. number of antibiotic courses per indication).ConclusionsThis feasibility trial encountered unforeseen circumstances due to contextual factors and a global pandemic, highlighting the need for careful adaptation of complex intervention implementations to the local setting. We identified key refinements to ePAMS+ to support its wider adoption in clinical practice, requiring further piloting before a confirmatory effectiveness trial.Trial registrationISRCTN Registry ISRCTN13429325, 24 March 2022.

Photo-thermal decoupling CdTe PV windows with selectively near-infrared absorbing ATO nanofluids

Solar energy conversion and utilization are crucial for buildings. Photovoltaic windows are a promising path to improving building energy efficiency. This study proposes a novel photo-thermal decoupling cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV windows with selectively near-infrared absorbing antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanofluids. The PV-ATO window features four concentrations (200/400/800/1000 ppm). Hot box experiment results show that PV-ATO windows can reduce the peak indoor air temperature by up to 2.56, 2.06, 2.86, and 2.72 °C respectively, while the corresponding peak illuminance is cut by 13.01 %, 12.37 %, 17.40 %, and 56.28 %. Measured transmitted spectra's correlated color temperature (CCT) of the PV-Water and PV-ATO windows are in the range of 4811.0～5271.0 K; color render index (Ra) is between 95.7～98.8; color fidelity index (Rf) is between 96.9～99.1; color gamut index (Rg) is between 97.6～99.3. Regarding color rendering performance, the PV-ATO windows can outperform conventional windows. Energy simulation results show that the comprehensive energy-saving ratios of different PV-ATO windows in Guangzhou, Changsha, Chongqing, and Wuhan can achieve −11.27 %, −20.38 %, −0.08 %, and −5.17 %. The study points to low concentrations of ATO nanofluids (200 ppm) as the recommended value.

Local Variation in Feeding Ground Utilization of Dugongs (Dugong dugon) Across Two Intertidal Seagrass Beds in Talibong Island, Thailand

In this study, we describe the population characteristics and residency patterns of dugongs (Dugong dugon) across two intertidal seagrass beds in Talibong Island, Thailand: Site A, covering an area of 2.0 × 105 m2, and Site B, covering an area of 2.8 × 105 m2. Transect and individual identification surveys were conducted under clear water conditions using drones: 16 separate days over 11 months at Site A and 10 separate days over 3 months at Site B. Sixty-four individuals were identified from 180 videography sessions. The results confirmed at least two distinct patterns of seagrass habitat utilization among sites located approximately 5 km apart. Site A was characterized by a lower population density, higher year-round site fidelity, occupancy by relatively large individuals, and an absence of feeding aggregations. In contrast, Site B was characterized by a higher population density, lower site fidelity, occupancy by individuals with a wider range of body lengths, and the presence of feeding aggregations. The average population density at Site B was three to five times higher than that at Site A. Site A had a median nearest neighbor distance of 320 m with no significant bias in its distribution, whereas Site B had a median of 20 m with a significant bias. The mean site fidelity index for Site A (0.62 ± 0.08; n = 16) was significantly higher than that for Site B (0.39 ± 0.14; n = 10). Dugongs at Site A might have monopolized this site to some extent, while those at Site B might have benefited from increased opportunities for social interaction provided by aggregations. These findings highlight the importance of fine-scale monitoring of feeding ground utilization by dugongs, taking into consideration individual-specific details such as body lengths and resighting rates for a better understanding of their spatial distribution.

“The Tennis Ball of Fortune”: Print, Manuscript, and Provincial Literacies in The Chronicles of John Cannon

This paper will focus on the Chronicles of John Cannon, a ploughboy turned exciseman and writing master living in the Somerset levels who described himself as a “Tennis Ball of Fortune.” Cannon's story of self-education and writerly self-fashioning took striking material form in an illustrated manuscript book he produced in the first decades of the eighteenth century. As a work and an object, the Chronicles stages a series of conversations between print and manuscript. In exploring this unique case study, we expose how the mixed medium of the manuscript book could present different and mutually supportive forms of authority. In this case, print is referred to through citation, graphic imitation, and paratextual format, whilst at the same time, the virtuoso scribal acts of transcribing and refining within the volume operate as an alternative index of textual fidelity and credibility. Our case study also pushes us to reconsider some of the clustered assumptions around the nature of the manuscript book in this period: this is the work of a male, non-elite writer, an amateur production. It is not a family or coterie production, and rather than offering a miscellany of genres and hands, it subsumes its varied contents into the narrative of a single life. How do we understand this unique blended form in the context of existing narratives about the nature of the manuscript book? And how might we edit such materials to retain a sense of their hybridity? Cannon's Chronicles also helps us connect the study of the manuscript book to a concern with the social dimensions of manuscript forms in a community of mixed literacies. Cannon's copying and writing became an important performance of professional competence in a culture of amateur literary production. As a case study, his work challenges expectations of gender and class in eighteenth-century manuscript studies and reveals how the affordances of the pen might reflect the burgeoning print culture of the period.

Lighting preferences of Iberian sausages for Spanish observers

We report results of a visual experiment performed by 20 adult Spanish observers using calibrated images of 18 samples of sliced Iberian sausages under 15 illuminations, including 8 illuminants proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and 7 light sources found in meat sections of supermarkets in Spain and Japan. Visual results from the pair comparison and magnitude estimation psychophysical methods used in our experiment showed a high correlation (Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient r = 0.915). Illumination strongly influenced color preferences of sliced Iberian sausages. For example, using the magnitude estimation method, the average lighting preferences changed about 2.8/10 for the 15 illuminations tested. There were no statistically significant differences between lighting preferences for different kind of sausages. Exploring quality indices of white lights, we found that the correlated color temperature and gamut area index (Color Res. Appl. 33, 192-202, 2008) provided the highest linear correlations with visual preferences in our current experiment. Lights with correlated color temperatures below 3000 K or gamut area indices below 70 were not preferred. The CIE general color rendering and color fidelity indices provided poor predictions of visual preferences in our current experiment.

FRESH 3D Bioprinting of Alginate – Cellulose – Gelatin Constructs for Soft Tissue Biofabrication

The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted free-standing, low viscous, cell-laden hydrogels with good resolution, low cytotoxicity, and mechanical properties, comparable to native soft tissues, is a current challenge in tissue engineering. Recently, a new syringe extrusion approach, called Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH), has been introduced to enhance 3D-bioprinting of soft hydrogels. Printing is conducted with the material embedded in a thermo-reversible gelatin bath, which acts as supporting material and can also initiate in-situ crosslinking when proper crosslinker agents are added. This work is the first to develop a 3D FRESH printable, low-cost, polymeric hydrogel composed of sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and gelatin. A factorial design is investigated to identify best printing parameters. Printability Pr and CAD fidelity indexes are defined as responses of interest against scaffold resolution and shape fidelity. Results show a free-standing scaffold with a printability index, Pr ~ 1, a compression Young’s Modulus of about 4 kPa, and a cellular ATP content of stromal cells up to 50% compared to a 2D cell culture after 14 days. These promising results demonstrate the potential of such hydrogel to print soft constructs, applicable for neural or skin tissue engineering applications.

The effect of selected process parameters on shape fidelity in extrusion-based bioprinting of natural and synthetic hydrogels

Recently application of 3D bioprinting to bioengineering has gained interest for the availability of advanced biomaterials with promising properties for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. In particular, extrusion-based bioprinting has the possibility to use a wide range of hydrogels of natural and synthetic origin. One of the most critical weaknesses of bioprinting is the poor post-printing shape fidelity of 3D scaffold possibly due to the porous-viscoelastic nature and swelling behavior of extruded polymers through the printing head. In this work, a quantitative index, termed shape fidelity index, is proposed to evaluate the discrepancy between ideal and real printed scaffolds. Scaffolds were printed with natural polysaccharides, such as alginate and cellulose (Xplore®), and synthetic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (START®). Four process parameters on 2 levels were selected for the study according to a DOE analysis: inlet pressure, printing speed, temperature and type of biomaterial. 16 experiments were performed with an extrusion-based bioprinter to produce 3D porous scaffolds, the shape and surface areas of which were characterized with optical microscopy and image analysis. Shape fidelity indices were characterized to guide the optimization of the bioprinting process. The proposed approach permits also to determine the process parameter influencing the most the printing outcome and to rank the parameter importance for optimizing the shape fidelity of the bioprinted manufacts with soft biomaterials.

Evaluation and analysis of transmitted daylight color quality for different colored semi-transparent PV glazing

Windows are one of the minor energy-efficient building elements, and PV windows can replace conventional windows to improve building energy performance. This study explored the color quality of transmitted light from 24 types of semi-transparent PV glazing, considering the color rendering index (CRI-Ra), gamut index (Rg), color fidelity index (Rf), and correlated color temperature (CCT). PV glazing in this study had four different transparencies (i.e., 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 %) and six colors. The results indicate that different transparencies have little impact on the color quality of the transmitted light, but there are variations in PV glazing with different colors. PV glazing with different colors Ra ranging from 48.5 to 98.1, Rf ranging from 0.9 to 98.4, Rg ranging from 76.4 to 170.8, and CCT ranging from 1036.8 to 7948.8 K. This study summarized the feasible application scenarios of different colored semi-transparent PV glazing from indoor visual activities and human-centric point of view. The energy savings of PV glazing ranged from −43.88 % to 35.55 % in five climate zones in China. Lower PV transmittance leads to higher building energy consumption. The most energy-efficient PV glazing is PV-Regular 40 %, and the least is PV-Green 20 %.

Plant communities on inselbergs in Burkina Faso

The safeguarding and sustainable management of natural resources, particularly plant resources, requires the implementation of conservation strategies. The study of plant communities is an essential tool for monitoring the development of plant formations. The aim of this study was to identify the plant communities on inselbergs of Burkina Faso in West Africa, to provide a database to supporting the sustainable management of the plant resources withing these fragile ecosystems. Stratified and random sampling was carried out on selected inselbergs in different parts of Burkina Faso along a climatic gradient. In the different phytogeographical sectors, inselbergs consist of granite or sandstone. Plant surveys were conducted using 900 m2 plots for the woody stratum and 100 m2 plots for the herbaceous stratum. An exhaustive list of plant species was compiled and an abundance-dominance coefficient for each species was determined. A DCA, through PCord.6, was used to obtain preliminary groups. Indicator species were determined by a Monte Carlo test with p < 0.05 and calculation of the fidelity index (Phi). Diversity indices through the Shannon index and equitability of Pielou were calculated using Pcord.6 to compare plant communities. A total of 12 plant communities were identified for the inselbergs of Burkina Faso, including 9 communities for savannah and 3 communities for monocotyledonous-mats and ephemeral flush vegetation. The main ecological factors governing the distribution of these inselberg plant communities were found to be were found to be climate, soil depth, soil moisture and altitude. In savannah plant communities, the Terminalia laxiflora and Tephrosia nana communities (unit 6) had the highest number (13) of diagnostic species and the highest fidelity (Phi = 0.97) was for Cleome viscosa species in the Acacia tortilis and Aristida kerstingii communities (unit 1). Diagnostic species numbers vary from 6 to 4 in monocotyledonous-mats and ephemeral flush vegetation and the Dopatrium longidens (Phi = 0.76) and Cyperus podocarpus (Phi = 0.75) have the highest fidelity to unit 3. The Shannon diversity index of deep soil plant communities was highest and significantly different from that of the other savannah communities. Concerning the Piélou equitability index, high values were found in all plant groups, reflecting the absence of species dominance and a balance of the different plant groups.Floristically, Afrotrilepis pilosa infestation of inselbergs is common in West Africa. In Burkina Faso, in addition to Afrotrilepis pilosa, 10 other plant species are found specifically on inselbergs. Given the fragility of the ecosystems in which they live, these inselberg species should be protected.

Insight into the optical evaluation of sunlike LED devices with full-visible spectrum emission based on ultra-low melting tin fluorophosphate glass for human centric lighting

Full spectrum sunlike light-emitting diode (LED) devices in the wavelength range of 380–670 nm have received much attention for their applications in human centric lighting. Herein, the inorganic color converter of the sunlike phosphor-in-glass (PiG) has been developed by embedding the green-emitting (Lu3-xYxAl5O12: Ce3+) and red-emitting (Sr0.6Ca0.4AlSiN3: Eu2+) phosphor powders in ultra-low melting tin fluorophosphate glass. Notably, the sunlike PiG exhibits the full spectrum in the wavelength range of 380–670 nm under the excitation of a near-ultraviolet (NUV) chip. Tunable color temperature (2785 K–5806 K) and high color rendering index (Ra = 95) were obtained by varying the mix ratio of the red-emitting component in the glass matrix. Further, the full visible spectrum emission was regulated by adjusting the Lu/Y ratio of the green phosphor Lu3-xYxAl5O12: Ce3+ and the color quality was further optimized (Ra = 97). The color quality of white light-emitting diode (WLED) was systematically investigated using Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) of North America evaluation systems and the LED devices exhibit fidelity index (Rf) and gamut index (Rg) close to sunlight (Rf = 95, Rg = 101). Compared with the traditional phosphor-in-silicone (PiS), the sunlike PiG based WLED exhibits a low working temperature of ∼37 °C for high power LED. Therefore, the WLED devices based on sunlike-PiG can be regarded as promising candidates for ultra-high color rendering index light sources because of the adjustable color temperature, high color quality, low-efficiency loss, excellent thermal properties and water stability.

Peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care: the ENRICH research programme

Peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care: the ENRICH research programme

Motor skills intervention: conceptual and operational model and the determination of fidelity indexes

ABSTRACT Introduction: Determining intervention fidelity measures is a crucial methodologic requirement of any sound intervention; however, fidelity must be implemented within the intervention’s conceptual and operation models. The objectives of this manuscript were two-fold: (1) to provide an overview of the conceptual and operational model adopted to systematically design interventions and assess fidelity over the past 20 years and (2) to report the fidelity data of these motor skills interventions implemented by PE teachers enrolled in master and doctoral studies. Methodology: The first phase of the study included a 20-hour seminar with the research team to establish the intervention’s theoretical foundation and the expected outcomes. In the second phase, we implemented the model’s operational specification regarding the experimental conditions, teachers’ training, ecological validity, and determination of the reliability indexes. In the third phase, we identified the fidelity measures, including the program’s specificity, quality of delivery, adherence, exposure, and engagement across several phases to enhance fidelity. The results of the fidelity measures are described using information from 21 previous intervention studies that adopted the Mastery Motivational Climate conceptual model and the TARGET framework. Findings and Discussion: The climate specificity was achieved after 60 h of training that included lessons on the theoretical features of the intervention. This training enhanced the quality of self-reports (91%–93%) and external reports (88%–100%) in terms of adherence to the TARGET structures. This training also supported the teacher’s ability to follow the lesson plan 91% of the time. For ratters’ training, optimum intra- and inter-ratters’ reliability indexes were achieved after 30 h of training (80%–100% agreement). Across interventions, attendance was satisfactory (70%–90%), and dropout was low (15%). The teaching experience was related to the children’s attendance in the program (85%–96%). The field log showed that teachers were thoughtful about children’s attendance, engagement, and behaviors. Regarding children’s exposure, improvements in motor and psychosocial parameters were observed across interventions regardless of the length; more robust improvements were observed in the interventions that lasted 12 weeks or more. Concerning dose–response, the time the children had to practice and improve motor skills ranged from 30 min to 300 min, depending on the skill; children's success within the tasks increased over the intervention period (from 20% to 80%). The parents’ surveys revealed that children’s engagement in active playing at home increased and screen time decreased. Conclusions: The conceptual and operational models were essential to identify the core components of the intervention. Systematic teacher training was essential for the fidelity of the mastery climates interventions. Several fidelity measures (program specificity, quality of the delivery, adherence, exposure, and participant engagement) were critical to the implementation and success of the motor skill interventions. High reliability and fidelity scores were achieved and were highly correlated to the outcomes across interventions. The framework and model presented in this paper will allow for future replication studies.

Spectrum regulation of YAG:Ce/YAG:Cr/YAG:Pr phosphor ceramics with barcode structure prepared by tape casting

AbstractYAG:Ce/YAG:Cr/YAG:Pr composite phosphor ceramics with barcode structure were prepared by tape casting combined with the solid‐state reaction method. This structure provides a convenient and effective method for regulating the optical parameters such as luminous efficacy (LE), color rendering, and correlated color temperature (CCT) of white light‐emitting diodes/laser diodes (LEDs/LDs). For the sample with a thickness ratio of 6:6:6 for YAG:Ce, YAG:Cr, and YAG:Pr, the in‐line transmittance reaches 60% at 800 nm, and it shows a good optical performance with the LE of 106 lm/W, the color gamut (Rg) of 77, the color fidelity index (Rf) of 86, and the CCT of 7642 K. The electroluminescence spectra and color coordinates can be adjusted by changing the ratio of each component in the composite ceramic and the thickness of the ceramic because the tape casting method allows precise control of the thickness of each ceramic layer. The high tunability provides more freedom in the performance design of composite phosphor ceramics and makes them the most promising candidate for high brightness white LEDs/LDs.

Occurrence, abundance and some ecological aspects of the offshore bottlenose dolphin off Ecuador’s central coast

The presence of the offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is poorly understood for most of the southeast Pacific Ocean. Its wide distribution, low density, and lack of understanding of its ecology make the species unpredictable to observe and difficult to study compared to the coastal ecotype. We assessed the occurrence of offshore bottlenose dolphins off the central coast of Ecuador (01°36’ S, 80°58’ W) using information taken from 2001 to 2022. Data were collected by two research groups based 80 km apart, one in Puerto López (north) and the other in Salinas (south). A total of 48 dolphin groups were documented, 22 at Puerto López and 26 at Salinas. In Puerto López, 163 dolphins were individually identified, of which 70 intra-annual sightings and 102 inter-annual sightings were found. Inter-annual resightings at Puerto López corresponded to 55 individuals (33.7%) recorded between two and 17 years (mean = 5.82 years, SD = 5.1). In Salinas, 58 dolphins were identified, without intra-annual resightings and only two inter-annual sightings. Only one individual was recorded in both areas. Two site fidelity indexes were calculated, Occurrence (Oi) and Permanence (Pi), resulting in 11 and 13.7 times higher respectively, in Puerto López. The abundance at Puerto López, 163 animals (95% CI, 120 - 203) in 2021-2022, was estimated with a closed population model. The prevalence of scars associated with previous encounters with fishing gear was 43.6%, commensal barnacle (Xenobalanus globicipitis) infestation 42.3%, predation 3.6%, and dermal nodules 0.61%. Our findings suggest both site fidelity and some degree of population structure, but additional monitoring and genetic studies are needed to clarify these aspects. Nevertheless, this study provides information on key aspects necessary for developing conservation strategies for offshore bottlenose dolphins.

Processing and properties of aqueous protein/polysaccharide mixture-based inks for additive manufacturing

Three-dimensional (3D) food printing shows its enormous potential in customization of food designs and personalization of nutritional contents. Herein, two aqueous protein/polysaccharide food inks composed of gelatin B (GB)/xanthan gum (XG) and soy protein acid hydrolysate (SP)/XG, respectively, were investigated for material extrusion additive manufacturing. For both ink systems, processing maps were generated based on the relationship between nozzle diameter and XG concentration for different types of printed geometries including filament, 40-layer scaffolds and 3D complex structures (i.e., starfish). XG concentration was found to be strongly linked to ink rheological properties, thus influencing not only the flow behavior during the printing process, but also the shape fidelity and shape retention after deposition. Inks with 3GB/11XG (3 wt% GB/11 wt% XG) and 8SP/15XG (8 wt% SP/15 wt% XG) demonstrated the highest printability. Shape fidelity map for the post-deposition assessment of printed 3D structures proposed the appropriate range of viscoelastic properties through a well-defined shape fidelity index. Texture profile results also revealed that both polysaccharide concentration and protein type are critical to textural properties of the printed objects, guiding the choice of a suitable ink for an individual 3D food printing. Finally, according to the processing and shape fidelity maps previously defined, an 18-layer two-color 3D complex dolphin shape was successfully fabricated using both 3GB/11XG and 8SP/15XG food inks by a multi-material extrusion-based printing technique in one manufacturing process. This work provides comprehensive guidelines to design and fabricate 3D structures of aqueous protein/polysaccharide mixture-based inks to serve the purpose of accurately personalizing and diversifying nutrition for food applications.

Study of Ba2Li2Si2O7:Eu2+ phosphor for enhancing the luminous flux of white LEDs

The best spectrum characteristics and photometric productivities of white light emitting diode (WLED) device possessing light emitting diodes (LEDs) in red rather than phosphor pc/R-WLEDs with the hue fidelity index (Rf) &gt; 97 for correlated color temperatures (CCTs) between 2700 K and 6500 K were attained using the illumination effectiveness (LE) model. We demonstrate four practical pc/R-WLEDs that have indices of Rf and LE of 96–97 and 120–124 lm/W, respectively, under CCT values measured at 2969 K, 4468 K, 5682 K, as well as 6558 K. These LED packages use blue and red LEDs, also phosphors in green as well as yellow, with respective wavelengths of 448 nm, 650 nm, 507 nm, and 586 nm. In the comparison between phosphor-transformed WLED devices (with phosphor conversion) and quantum-dot WLED devices (QD-WLEDs), pc/R-WLEDs make an outstanding performance in competitiveness for high hue generation, particularly under small CCT values, and could eventually replace current pc-WLEDs.

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Wraparound Fidelity Index Short Form (WFI-EZ)

Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Wraparound Fidelity Index Short Form (WFI-EZ)

Measurement Characteristics of the Wraparound Fidelity Index Short Form: Results from a Statewide Implementation.

Implementation fidelity has been an important issue in the service provision and associated outcomes of Wraparound, an intensive, individualized care planning process that uses a team-based approach to integrate youth into the community to minimize the need for intensive, institutional services. In response to the growing need to monitor fidelity to the Wraparound process, a variety of instruments have been created and tested. In this study, the authors present the results of several analyses designed to better understand the measurement characteristics of the Wraparound Fidelity Index Short Form (WFI-EZ), a multi-informant fidelity instrument. The results from our analysis of 1027 WFI-EZ responses indicate that the internal consistency of the instrument is very good, although the negatively worded items did not appear to function as well as positively worded items. Results from two confirmatory factor analyses were unable to validate the original domains identified by the instrument developers, but for certain outcomes the WFI-EZ demonstrated deseriable predictive validity. Preliminary evidence is also provided that WFI-EZ responses likely differ by respondent type. We conclude by discussing the implications of using the WFI-EZ in programming, policy, and practice considering the findings of our study.