Fiber Perimeter Research Articles

Collagen fiber arrangement in the normal bladder lamina propria and their potential impact on the pathological substaging of bladder cancer stage T1.

The lamina propria (LP) of the urinary bladder lies between the urothelial mucosa and the muscularis propria. This complex stratum is composed of extracellular matrix, several cell types, and collagen types I and III fibers. LP invasion by urothelial carcinoma (progression from stage Ta to T1) is a determinant of bladder cancer advancement. We attempted to characterize collagen fiber arrangement in the LP. This could enrich our understanding of this important layer and potentially provide clues for sub-staging of the T1 bladder cancer. A total of 24 Masson trichrome-stained images of normal bladder, including 12,530 collagen fibers were quantitatively analyzed using the Dragonfly software. The LP was divided according to fiber orientation into superficial LP (SLP, 15% of the thickness) and the deep LP (DLP, 85% of the thickness). Collagen fiber geometry analysis demonstrated that the SLP fibers are more parallel to the urothelium with an average angle of 260±230 compared to 400±260 in the DLP (p=3.4X10-144), more packed (average distance to the closest fiber of 0.61±0.67 compared to 0.66±0.77, p=0.0001), and their aspect ratio is considerably longer (average of 1.93±0.12 compared to 0.20±0.11, p=2.84x10-8). No difference was found in fiber perimeter or Feret diameter. Thus, we conclude that bladder collagen fibers are arranged in two distinct layers: a dense-ordered SLP and a loose disorder DLP. This indicates that the physical barrier to cancer cell invasion probably lies in the SLP, immediately underneath the urothelium. Once this barrier is breached, the looser and disorganized DLP poses no remarkable obstacle. Thus, we believe that histology-based subdivisions of stage T1 are expected to fail in providing clinically meaningful prognostic information.

Identification of Multiple Events Based on Two-Dimensional Images and Isotropic Network in Optical Fiber Perimeter Security System

Identification of Multiple Events Based on Two-Dimensional Images and Isotropic Network in Optical Fiber Perimeter Security System

Passive Heat Stress, Like Exercise Training, Leads to Improved Vascular Function

Epidemiological data indicate that repeated heat stress improves cardiovascular health, making passive heat therapy (PHT) a potential alternative for those unable to exercise. Few studies to date have examined the potential exercise mimetic effects in humans, and it is unclear how adaptations compare in magnitude to exercise training. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of 6 weeks of localized, muscle-focused PHT on resistance artery vascular function, exercise hemodynamics and performance, molecular regulators of vascular tone, and skeletal muscle capillarization relative to the adaptations observed following high-intensity aerobic exercise training focused on the same muscles. HYPOTHESIS: 6 weeks of PHT, applied to the knee extensor muscles through pulsed shortwave diathermy (2 hr, 3 days/week), would improve both resistance artery function and exercise hemodynamics, as well as increase vascular tone regulators more than a sham treatment, but less than single-leg knee extension (KE) exercise training (EX; 40 min, 3 days/week). Methods: We randomized 34 sedentary but otherwise healthy, young adults (ages 18–36; n = 17 female, 17 male) to receive PHT, EX, or sham heating sessions (SHAM; 2 hr, 3 days/week) over 6 weeks. Vascular function was determined through the blood flow response during both a passive leg movement (PLM) assessment and a knee extension graded exercise test (GXTmax). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. Results: Peak blood flow during PLM increased to the same extent in both the EX (~10.5% increase, P=0.009) and PHT groups (~8.5% increase, P=0.044). KE peak flow increased in EX (~19%, P=0.005), but did not change in PHT (P=0.523) and decreased in SHAM (~7%, P=0.020). Peak vascular conductance during KE increased by ~25% in EX (P=0.030) and PHT (P=0.012). KE peak power increased in EX by ~27% (P=0.001) but did not significantly change in PHT (P=0.175) and SHAM groups (P=0.111). EX, but not PHT or SHAM, increased muscle capillary-to-fiber ratio (P = 0.0003), capillary density (P = 0.0428), and the Capillary to Fiber Perimeter Exchange Index (P = 0.0089). Protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increased significantly in both EX (P=0.0028) and PHT (P=0.0095), but only EX resulted in increased angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: 6 weeks of localized PHT, when applied to young healthy individuals, improved resistance artery function at rest and during exercise to the same extent as exercise training. Moreover, our data suggest that these PHT-induced improvements can be primarily attributed to increased expression of the regulators of vascular tone and not neo-angiogenesis. In conclusion, passive heat therapy mimics many, but not all the vascular benefits of exercise training. Funding for this study was provided by the Department of Exercise Sciences at Brigham Young University. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Neuropathic Corneal Pain: Tear Proteomic and Neuromediator Profiles, Imaging Features, and Clinical Manifestations

To investigate the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) imaging features, and clinical manifestations in neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) patients. Cross-sectional study. Twenty NCP patients and twenty age-matched controls were recruited. All subjects were evaluated by corneal sensitivity, Schirmer's test, tear break-up time, corneal and ocular surface staining, Ocular Surface Disease Index and Ocular Pain Assessment Survey questionnaires, as well as IVCM examinations for corneal nerves, microneruomas, epithelial and dendritic cells. Tears were collected for neuromediator and proteomic analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Burning and sensitivity to light were the two most common symptoms in NCP. A total of 188 significantly dysregulated proteins, such as elevated metallothionein-2, creatine kinases B-type, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, neurofilament light polypeptide, and myelin basic protein, were identified in the NCP patients. The top 10 dysregulated biological pathways in NCP include neurotoxicity, axonal signaling, wound healing, neutrophil degradation, apoptosis, thrombin signaling mitochondrial dysfunction, RHOGDI and P70S6K signaling pathways. Compared to controls, the NCP cohort presented with significantly decreased corneal sensitivity (P<0.001), decreased corneal nerve fiber length (P=0.003), corneal nerve fiber density (P=0.006), nerve fiber fractal dimension (P=0.033), as well as increased in corneal nerve fiber width (P=0.002), increased length, total area and perimeter of microneuromas (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.019), smaller corneal epithelial size (P=0.017), and higher nerve growth factor level in tears (p=0.006). These clinical manifestations, imaging features, and molecular characterizations would contribute to the diagnostics and potential therapeutic targets for NCP.

Intelligent intrusion detection for optical fiber perimeter security system based on an improved high efficiency feature extraction technique

The automated analysis of optical fiber vibration sensing data has been highly demanded in engineering applications. Therefore, intrusion analysis, which aims at detecting, recognizing, and classifying intrusions, holds great importance for optical fiber vibration sensing. In this work, an intelligent intrusion detection scheme employing an improved high-efficiency feature extraction technique and utilizing a dual Mach–Zehnder interferometer (DMZI)-based optical fiber perimeter security system is proposed. So, the DMZI-based perimeter security system in practical settings can be successfully established. Specifically, time-frequency feature vectors with nine features are firstly constructed using a maximal overlap discrete wavelet transformation approach and a zero crossing rate method. Then, the feature vectors are classified into corresponding categories using a radial basis function neural network. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been validated using six types of human intrusions, such as knocking, climbing, waggling, cutting, crashing and kicking the fence. The results show that the given intrusions can be accurately and rapidly recognized by the proposed scheme. The average recognition rate of 95.0% is achieved, and the average processing time for each sample data is only 0.033 s, which is significantly lower than the sampling interval (0.3 s) in our experiment. It is believed that the proposed scheme holds promising potential in the field of optical fiber perimeter security systems.

Optical Fiber Perimeter Intrusion Event Recognition Based on ISSA and Genetic Algorithm Optimized BiLSTM Neural Network

Optical Fiber Perimeter Intrusion Event Recognition Based on ISSA and Genetic Algorithm Optimized BiLSTM Neural Network

A comparison of passive heat treatment-induced vascular adaptations relative to exercise training

Epidemiological data indicate that repeated heat stress improves cardiovascular health, making passive heat therapy (PHT) a potential alternative for those unable to exercise. Few studies to date have examined the potential exercise mimetic effects in humans, and it is unclear how adaptations compare in magnitude to exercise training. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of 6 weeks of localized, muscle-focused PHT on resistance artery vascular function, exercise hemodynamics, and exercise performance relative to the adaptations observed following high-intensity aerobic exercise training focused on the same muscles. HYPOTHESIS: 6 weeks of PHT, applied through pulsed shortwave diathermy (2 hr, 3 days/week), would increase resistance artery function, improve exercise hemodynamics, and enhance exercise performance more than a sham treatment, but less than single-leg knee extension (KE) exercise training (EX; 40 min, 3 days/week). We also hypothesized that these functional adaptations would be accompanied by increased skeletal muscle capillarity. METHODS: We randomized 34 sedentary but otherwise healthy, young adults (ages 18–36; n = 17 female, 17 male) to receive PHT, EX, or sham heating sessions (SHAM; 2 hr, 3 days/week) over 6 weeks. Vascular function was determined through the blood flow response during both a passive leg movement (PLM) assessment and a knee extension graded exercise test (GXTmax). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: Peak muscle treatment temperature was significantly different between all groups with PHT exhibiting a higher peak temperature (~40.80°C) than those in the EX (~37.75°C, P&lt;0.001) and SHAM groups (~36.10°C, P&lt;0.001). Peak blood flow during PLM increased to the same extent (P=0.625) in both the EX (~10.5% increase, P=0.009) and PHT groups (~8.5% increase, P=0.044); but tended to decrease in the SHAM group (P=0.087). KE peak flow increased in EX (~19%, P=0.005), but did not change in PHT (P=0.523) and decreased in SHAM (~7%, P=0.020). Peak vascular conductance during KE significantly increased by ~25% in EX (P=0.030) and PHT (P=0.012). KE peak power increased in EX by ~27% (P=0.001) but did not significantly change in PHT(P=0.175) and SHAM groups (P=0.111). EX, but not PHT or SHAM increased muscle capillary-to-fiber ratio (P = 0.0003), capillary density (P = 0.0428), and the Capillary to Fiber Perimeter Exchange Index (P = 0.0089). CONCLUSIONS: 6 weeks of localized PHT, when applied to young healthy individuals, improved resistance artery function at rest and during exercise to the same extent as exercise training. However, PHT did not lead to increased KE peak flow, microvascular remodeling, or improved exercise performance. Therefore, PHT mimics many, but not all the vascular benefits of exercise training. Further research is necessary to determine the mechanism by which 6 weeks of PHT led to improved vascular function at rest and during exercise. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Overexpression of an actin Gh_D04G0865 gene in cotton reduced fineness of fiber

AbstractCotton fibers are the world's most important renewable source of fiber for textile industry. The cell wall of cotton fiber determines fiber quality parameters for textile industry. The thickness of secondary cell wall and the fiber perimeter define the fineness and micronaire (MIC) of cotton fiber. The fineness of cotton fiber plays an important role in affecting the yarn quality. Actin cytoskeleton impacts the cell extension and shape, however how it affects secondary cell wall is unclear. We overexpressed the actin isovariant Gh_D04G0865 (previously shown mutation in this gene impaired fiber length) under fiber‐specific promoter in cotton. We obtained two independent transgenic lines. Fiber characteristics of their first‐generation progenies were evaluated by high volume instrument (HVI), advanced fiber information system (AFIS), Cottonscope, and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Fiber of transgenic lines with excessive expression of actin showed significant reduction in MIC and fineness, while increase in strength. Seed index was increased in transgenic lines overexpressing actin. FT‐IR analysis detected changes in vibrations associated with crystalline cellulose. Taken together, our findings revealed that actin cytoskeleton may play roles in reducing fiber wall thickening process during secondary cell wall biosynthesis.

Identification Method of Optical Fiber Perimeter Intrusion Signal Based on MATCN

Identification Method of Optical Fiber Perimeter Intrusion Signal Based on MATCN

Multiscale nano-integration in the scarf-bonded patches for enhancing the performance of the repaired secondary load-bearing aircraft composite structures

This study investigates a novel approach of improving the mechanical performance of scarf-repaired carbon fiber reinforced composites by integrating nanomaterials in the patch constituents. Two distinct types of carbon-based nanomaterials, thermally exfoliated graphene oxide grade-2 (TEGO) and Epocyl™ 128–06 (MWCNT) are integrated into the patch resin matrix and fiber/matrix interface in an upscaled manner. Another group of composites are repaired with pristine patches in accordance with the existing and prevalent composite repair method. Compared to the reference panel, 109.9%, 99.7% and 99.3% stiffness recoveries are achieved for the patches with CNT and TEGO-incorporated resin matrices and TEGO-electrosprayed fibers, respectively. Location-wise analyses of the test data show that the stiffness, strength, Poisson's ratio, and strain values depend on the number of patch plies in each specimen. Fractographic inspections show that the failure sites shift towards the outer areas of the scarf region demonstrating an enhanced stress redistribution due to the nanomaterials. SEM observations show that nanoparticles affect toughening mechanisms based on the type, location, and alignment of the nano-reinforcement, which in turn limits the shear-dominated failures (SDF) in the baseline and pristine patch repair system. In CNT- and TEGO-reinforced resin patches, efficient crack bridging and fracture plane tilting/twisting or crack bifurcations are observed whereas the electrosprayed TEGO particles positioned at the perimeter of fibers operate as a shield for the fibers to prevent SDFs. These findings demonstrate that failure behavior of repair systems and therefore their mechanical performance are governed by the type of nano-reinforcement and its integration process.

Comparative Analysis of the Composition of Fatty Acids and Metabolites between Black Tibetan and Chaka Sheep on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Simple SummaryChaka sheep are adapted to a harsh, highly saline environment and are also known for having typical sensory characteristics attributed to free-range conditions and grazing on wild plants. Black Tibetan sheep are located in Guinan county, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Hainan, Qinghai Province, and are well-adapted to the harsh plateau environment in China. In this study, we compared the fatty acids and metabolites in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Black Tibetan and Chaka sheep grazing in a highly saline environment. We found that upregulated organic acid and fatty acid biosynthesis increased the meat quality of Chaka sheep.The objective of this study was to investigate and compare fatty acids and metabolites in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Black Tibetan and Chaka sheep grazing in a highly saline environment. A total of eight castrated sheep (14 months old) with similar body weights (25 ± 2.2 kg) were selected. The experimental treatments included Black Tibetan (BT) and Chaka sheep (CK) groups, and each group had four replications. The experiment lasted for 20 months. All sheep grazed in a highly saline environment for the whole experimental period and had free access to water. The results showed that the diameter (42.23 vs. 51.46 μm), perimeter (131.78 vs. 166.14 μm), and area of muscle fibers (1328.74 vs. 1998.64 μm2) were smaller in Chaka sheep than in Black Tibetan sheep. The ash content in the longissimus dorsi was lower in Chaka sheep than in Black Tibetan sheep (p = 0.010), and the contents of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) in the longissimus dorsi showed no differences (p > 0.05). For fatty acids, the proportions of C10:0, C15:0, and tC18:1 in the longissimus dorsi were higher in Chaka sheep than in Black Tibetan sheep (p < 0.05). However, all other individual fatty acids were similar among treatments, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the ratios of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs and PUFAs to SFAs (p > 0.05). A total of 65 biomarkers were identified between the two breeds of sheep. Among these metabolites, 40 metabolic biomarkers were upregulated in the CK group compared to the BT group, and 25 metabolites were downregulated. The main metabolites include 30 organic acids, 9 amino acids, 5 peptides, 4 amides, 3 adenosines, 2 amines, and other compounds. Based on KEGG analysis, eight pathways, namely, fatty acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, renin secretion, the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and the cAMP signaling pathway, were identified as significantly different pathways. According to the results on fatty acids and metabolites, upregulated organic acid and fatty acid biosynthesis increased the meat quality of Chaka sheep.

Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Non-Steady-State Particulate Matter Filtration Process in Woven Fiber

To enhance the design process of high-performance woven fibers, it is vital to clarify the evolution of particle dendrites, the dynamic pressure drop, and the capture efficiency with respect to dust loading during the non-steady-state filtration process. A general element (orthogonal elliptical fibers) of woven filter cloths is numerically simulated using the 3D lattice Boltzmann-cell automation (LB-CA) method, where gas dynamics is solved by the LB method while the solid particle motion is described by the CA probabilistic approach. The dendrite morphologies are evaluated under various particle diameters, aspect ratios, packing densities, and inlet fluid velocities. For submicron particles in the “Greenfield gap” range, it is revealed that the normalized pressure drop is an exponential function of the mass of deposited particles, and the rate of increase is exactly proportional to the perimeter of the elliptical fibers. Moreover, the normalized capture efficiency is a linear function of the deposited mass. It is not advisable to increase the packing density too much, as this might simply increase the pressure drop rather than enhancing the normalized capture efficiency. It is also worth noting that the fitting slope is more likely to grow linearly once the aspect ratio exceeds 1.6, indicating that orthogonal elliptical woven fibers offer higher capture efficiency than normal orthogonal cylindrical woven fibers. The work is beneficial to gain insights into the angular distribution of particle dendrites, as well as the prediction of dynamic growth of pressure drop and capture efficiency of the elliptical fiber. These efforts could help to deepen the understanding and realize assistant designing for the filtration performance of woven fiber in the future.

Signal identification based on modified filter bank feature and generalized regression neural network for optical fiber perimeter sensing

• Signal recognition method based on the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). • Feature extraction algorithm based on the modified filter bank (FB) feature. • Endpoint detection algorithm based on the short-time energy. • Little parameter adjustment and human influence in the training process. • High identification rate, short recognition time and broad application prospects. A method based on the modified filter bank (FB) feature and a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is proposed to raise the accuracy and real-time performance of signal recognition in optical fiber perimeter sensing systems. The FB feature is modified by adding root mean square information of the signal power under the Mel filter bank. Four kinds of sensing signals under three types of weather conditions are obtained experimentally by a fenced perimeter sensing system based on an in-line Sagnac interferometer. The endpoint detection algorithm based on short-term energy is performed on the sensing signals to obtain the effective signal segments. Then the modified FB features of signal segments are extracted and randomly divided into training and testing samples. The optimal GRNN classifier model is generated by performing a 10-fold cross-validation on the training samples and used to recognize the testing samples. The average accuracy can reach 98.22 % and average recognition time is only about 0.07 s. This method is expected to meet the requirements for real-time and accuracy in practical application of optical fiber perimeter sensing signal recognition.

Myonuclear addition is associated with sex-specific fiber hypertrophy and occurs in relation to fiber perimeter not cross-sectional area.

It is unclear whether resistance training-induced myofiber hypertrophy is affected by sex, and whether myonuclear addition occurs in relation to the myonuclear domain and can contribute to explaining a potential sex-specific hypertrophic response. This study investigated the effect of 8 wk of resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myonuclear addition in 12 males (28 ± 7 yr; mean ± SD) and 12 females (27 ± 7 yr). Muscle biopsies were collected from m. vastus lateralis before and after the training intervention and were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for fiber type and size, satellite cells, and myonuclei. Hypertrophy of type I fibers was greater in males than females (P < 0.05), whereas hypertrophy of type II fibers was similar between sexes (P = 0.158-0.419). Expansion of the satellite cell pool (P = 0.132-0.667) and myonuclear addition (P = 0.064-0.228) did not differ significantly between sexes, irrespective of myofiber type. However, when individual responses to resistance training were assessed, myonuclear addition was strongly correlated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.68-0.85, P < 0.001). Although myofiber hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in myonuclear domain (P < 0.05), fiber perimeter per myonucleus remained constant throughout the study (P = 0.096-0.666). These findings indicate that myonuclear addition occurs in relation to the fiber perimeter per myonucleus, not the myonuclear domain, and has a substantial role in resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy but does not fully explain greater hypertrophy of type I fibers in males than females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we show that resistance training-induced hypertrophy of type I fibers is greater in males than females. Myonuclear addition was strongly associated with fiber hypertrophy but did not differ between sexes in type I fibers. Furthermore, whereas muscle hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in myonuclear domain, fiber perimeter per myonucleus remained constant. Thus, myonuclear addition occurs in relation to fiber perimeter during muscle hypertrophy but does not explain sex-specific hypertrophy of type I fibers.

The Composition of the Carcass, Physicochemical Properties, Texture and Microstructure of the Meat of D11 Dworka and P9 Pekin Ducks.

Simple SummaryThe production and consumption of duck meat in the world have a centuries-old tradition. Currently, China is the largest producer of duck meat. In Europe, the top producers of duck meat are France, Hungary and Poland. The aim of this study was to compare Pekin ducks (conservative strain P9) and Dworka (breeding strain D11) in terms of weight and percentage of gutted carcass components, basic chemical composition, physicochemical properties of breast and leg meat as well as texture and microstructure of breast meat. Significant differentiation (p < 0.05) for the genotype was found in terms of carcass weight, the content of most chemical components, some physicochemical features of the pectoral muscles and legs, as well as the thickness of connective tissue, springiness and WB (Warner–Bratzler) shear force m. pectoralis major. These differences were mainly due to the different purposes of the ducks. Dworka ducks from the D11 strain are being improved in terms of their functional characteristics (breeding strain), while Pekin ducks from the P9 strain have been kept in Poland as a conservation herd (without breeding selection) for several decades.The aim of the study was to determine the effects of genotype and sex on carcass composition and selected meat quality parameters of Dworka and Pekin ducks after two reproductive seasons. The research material consisted of 24 carcasses of Dworka ducks (breeding strain D11) and 24 carcasses of Pekin ducks from the herd of genetic resources (French Pekin, strain P-9). After cooling the carcasses (18 h, 2 °C), the pH values and electrical conductivity of the pectoral and leg muscles were determined, and then the carcass was dissected using a simplified method. After dissection, the pectoral and leg muscles were sampled for quality characteristics assessment. The Dworka ducks from breeding strain D11 compared to Pekin duck from conservative strain P9 were characterized by significantly (p < 0.05) higher carcass weight, protein and salt content, thermal drip, yellowness, thickness of perymisium and endomysium and lower water content of the pectoral muscle. Dworka ducks were also characterized by higher protein, salt and collagen content and higher electrical conductivity (EC24) of leg muscles than Pekin ducks. Regardless of genotype, male ducks had a higher gutted carcass weight with neck, salt content, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, fiber perimeter and diameters of pectoral muscle, and also higher protein and collagen, and lower fat content, pH24 and electrical conductivity of leg muscles. The genotype by sex interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for water, protein, fat content, perimisium thickness, cohesiveness, springiness of the pectoral major muscle, and for water content and protein of the leg muscles. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the effects of genotype and sex on the nutritional value and some technological parameters of duck meat. The studied ducks after two reproductive seasons satisfactorily meet the requirements of duck meat for consumers and duck meat processing plants.

Automated fibrosis phenotyping of liver tissue from non-tumor lesions of patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Fibrosis is the most important pathological feature in predicting development of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the incidence rate of HCC in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is relatively low. We evaluated phenotypic histological features to differentiate HCC from non-HCC in patients with non-tumor lesions of cirrhotic livers. Seventeen patients with NAFLD who underwent liver transplantation were enrolled. FibroNest was used to quantify histological phenotypes of non-tumor fibrosis lesions. Quantification included collagen content and structure traits, fiber morphometric traits, and fibrosis architecture traits. Each trait was described by up to seven quantitative fibrosis traits (qFTs). Among the qFTs measured in each specimen, those that described most of the variability between consecutive groups were automatically detected and combined into a normalized Phenotypic Composite Fibrosis Score (Ph-CFS). We trained FibroNest to identify the principal traits that differentiate HCC from non-HCC. HCC was found in 8 cases and non-HCC in 9 cases. The Ph-CFS significantly differentiated HCC from non-HCC (4.6 vs. 5.9, p < 0.05). Individual qFTs for morphometric features including collagen fiber length, width, perimeter, and area denoted significant differences between HCC and non-HCC. The Ph-CFS could be used to distinguish HCC (Ph-FCS < 5.0) from non-HCC (Ph-FCS ≥ 5.0) with 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In patients who underwent liver transplantation, fibrotic histological phenotypes in non-tumor lesions appeared to be different between HCC and non-HCC. Phenotypic analysis of collagen in non-tumor lesions might be an effective and automated method to distinguish HCC from non-HCC on histopathology imaging.

Signal recognition method based on Mel frequency cepstral coefficients and fast dynamic time warping for optical fiber perimeter defense systems.

To improve the accuracy of signal recognition in optical fiber perimeter defense systems, a method based on Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and a fast dynamic time warping (FastDTW) algorithm is proposed. Four kinds of sensing signals are acquired by employing an in-line Sagnac interferometer system. MFCC features of the signals are extracted. The FastDTW algorithm is utilized to calculate distances of the optimal warping paths between a test sample and all reference templates. According to the nearest neighbor criterion, signal recognition results are obtained. The average accuracy is over 96%. This proposed identification method is highly efficient and easy to implement.

Effect of genotype and sex on carcase composition, physicochemical properties, texture and microstructure of meat from geese after four reproductive seasons

ABSTRACT 1. The objective of this study was to compare carcase weight and composition and meat quality traits of Landes, Slovak White and Kuban geese after four reproductive seasons. A total of 42 goose carcases (seven males and seven females from each breed) were assessed. 2. After four reproductive seasons, the breeds differed in eviscerated carcase weight. Slovak White geese showed more breast muscle with a cooking loss, whereas Kuban geese had a higher percentage of neck and carcase discards compared to the other breeds. The breeds differed in the chemical composition of breast and leg muscles, except for collagen in breast muscles and protein in leg muscles. 3. Regardless of breed, males had heavier carcase weight and higher breast muscle, leg muscle, neck and wings and lower percentages of skin with subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat relative to body weight compared to females. Sex had a significant effect on the fat and salt content, meat lightness, most textural characteristics and endomysium thickness of breast muscle. The same differences in leg muscles for chemical composition (except for protein percentage) and lightness were recorded. 4. Breed x sex interactions were significant for the proportion of leg muscle, chemical composition of breast and leg muscles (except for leg protein content), muscle fibre cross-sectional area and fibre perimeter of pectoralis major muscle. 5. The results showed that the carcases and meat of the goose breeds after four reproductive seasons were suitable for consumers and meat processors, due to favourable composition, high nutritive value and good technological properties.

Mixed Intrusion Events Recognition Based on Group Convolutional Neural Networks in DAS System

The mixed intrusion events recognition is still a challenging problem in optical fiber perimeter security with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), because the vibration signals will be mixed when multiple events occur at the same time and in close proximity. In order to identify mixed events consisting of two single events, we propose a recognition scheme based on deep group neural networks algorithm. The 100 groups convolutional neural networks (100G-Net) model is designed to make the best of vibration information of samples for feature extraction and classification. The experiments show that not only average training recognition accuracy of the proposed algorithm can reach 99.6%, but also the generalization ability of the proposed algorithm is better than typical CNN models.

A Fiber Vibration Signal Identification Method Based on the Combination of EWT-FE and LSTM

As the optical fiber perimeter security system is widely used in real life, how to identify the types of intrusion events in a timely and effective manner is becoming a major research hotspot. At present, in this field, various signal feature extraction algorithms are usually used to extract intrusion signal features to form feature vectors, and then machine learning algorithms are used to classify the feature vectors to achieve the role of identifying the types of intrusion events. As a common signal feature extraction algorithm, the EMD algorithm has been widely used in the feature extraction of various vibration signals, but it will have the problem of modal aliasing and affect the feature extraction effect of the signal. Therefore, EWT, VMD and other algorithms have been successively used proposed to improve modal aliasing. On the basis of fully comparing the existing algorithms, this paper proposes a fiber vibration signal identification method that decomposes the signal through the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) algorithm and then extracts the fuzzy entropy (FE) of each component, and uses LSTM for classification. The final experiment shows that the method can identify four kinds of fiber intrusion signals in time and effectively, with an average recognition accuracy rate of 97.87%, especially for flap and knock recognition rate of 100%.