This article is a literature review related to the methods of functionalization of carbon fibers for tissue engineering applications. Through physical modification, it is possible to obtain a layer of a chemical compound on the carbon fibers surface and to impart additional properties. On the other hand, chemical modification may lead to the incorporation of appropriate functional groups into the carbon fiber structure, capable of attaching, among others, biologically active compounds. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of the carbon fibers modifying methods, with particular emphasis on the use of such modified fibers in medicine.