Fiberglass Boat Research Articles

Design and Fabrication of 6 Meter Fiberglass Boat for Coastal Water Tourism in Batam

Design and Fabrication of 6 Meter Fiberglass Boat for Coastal Water Tourism in Batam

Economic Comparison of Wood and Fiberglass Fishing Vessels Produced in Traditional Yards

Wooden boats are commonly considered to be more cost effective compared to fiberglass boats, and no study has described the economic disparities between the two vessel types. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive economic comparison between wooden and fiberglass boats, including the return-on-investment timelines and the potential profitability. A qualitative method was used in this study, and the data were collected through survey techniques. The economic analysis results showed that the average Net Present Values of wooden and fiberglass boats were IDR 72,935,055 and IDR 84,511,500 respectively. The average Net Benefit-Cost Ratio and the average Internal Rate of Return for both vessel types were 1 and 11%. The average Payback Period was approximately 6.6 years for wooden boats with a profit of IDR 8,902,000, and 6 years for fiberglass boats with a profit of IDR 11,936,944. In conclusion, the use of both vessels was not only acceptable but feasible for operation.

Construction of Fishing Vessel Molding with A Case Study of Ship Objects for The Java South Sea Region

In the process of building fiberglass boats (FRP), mold or molding is needed to make the hull and superstructure. Molding can be made of several kinds of main constituent materials including steel, wood, aluminium, HDPE and others. The object of the case study was carried out by collecting data from existing ships at the South Coast of the Java Sea. Molding is the main means in the fabrication process for fiberglass boats. To find out how long the mold or molding can be used, a service life analysis is needed. In terms of current technology, the analysis method uses structural fatigue analysis or fatigue analysis. In the calculations, the design is carried out earlier by conducting modelling simulations. In the fatigue analysis of the molding structure, material data is required to be applied to the molding. This will provide input data at the preprocessing stage in the finite element method. Furthermore, if the lifetime results are known at the age of the mold, then it can be continued with making the fishing boat molding product. So that later it can provide an illustration for shipbuilders that the time or age of the mold can be used for the time that has been designed.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Desain Kapal Fiberglass Untuk Pembuatan Perahu Gutek Bagi Nelayan Desa Taddan

Madura has the most fisheries potential, because although Madura Island is small, the people mostly live around the coast. In the main Taddan Village, there are lots of people who work as fishermen, who go to sea every day. Many fishermen are also craftsmen of boats for personal use or for sale, where fishermen still use wood when making boats. Many large trees in Taddan Village are no longer visible. For this reason, this research will explain some of the advantages of fiberglass boats and how to design and manufacture them. From the program that researchers will carry out, it is hoped that the community will be able to apply it. This research is also very useful for youth groups whose curiosity is greater. Even though the Karangtaruna are not educated in the world of shipping, they will understand how to make and read ship designs.

Studi Kekuatan Impact Laminasi Sistem Sisip (Sandwich) Fiberglass dan Polyurethane Foam

Fiberglass boats are one of the options that are often used as an alternative to wooden boats. However, leaks on fiberglass boats are very difficult to handle at sea, so laminate using a sandwich system on fiberglass material and Polyurethane Foam can be a solution to deal with leaks on fiberglass boats at sea, where Polyurethane Foam can be a solution to prevent the entry of water when the fiberglass material experiences leaks or cracks in fiberglass boats. In this study, tests will be carried out on the laminated system of fiberglass inserts and polyurethane foam with variations of three types of polyol and isocyanate mixture compositions to form polyurethane foam materials, namely 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2 using the charpy type impact test method with reference to on ASTM D256 93a to determine the impact value, then an analysis of the average value of the test results was carried out and compared with the impact value of fiberglass sandwich composites reinforced with palm fiber and epoxy. From the results of the impact test, the average 1:1 variance is 0.033j/cm3, and the 1:1.5 variance is 0.038j/cm3, 1:2 variance is 0.034j/cm3. From the test results, it was found that the average value of the variance of 1:1.5 was able to exceed the value of fiber composites reinforced with fibers and epoxy which had the same thickness on the skin.

CNC Enabled Wood/Metal Composite Construction of (Relatively) High Performance Sailing Yachts

One problem for high performance yachts is to produce a light enough, strong enough structure. Modern fiberglass “composite” construction achieves this, but at substantial cost for the molds so fiberglass is expensive for limited construction. However, “composite” is a combination of any two materials. Before fiberglass, “composite” comprised wood planking over metal framing. Prince Edward’s, (King Edward VII) yacht Britannia was pine over steel and was a very successful racer. This system is used by a few builders of large, mainly “revival” design yachts, but it is feasible for many boat types and could reduce the cost and increase availability of limited run yachts. Modern composite construction is enabled by CAD/CAM/CNC design and cutting, engineered wood, modern coatings and adhesives, non-metallic fastenings, welding, and even aluminum. The major framing structure is cut out of metal by plasma arc, water jet, or laser cutters using standard metal industry techniques and equipment. The shell is strip planking, cold molding, carvel or lap strake planking, or plywood. Planks or shell “plating” can even be CNC cut for additional labor reduction. This method can be cost effective for a one-off or limited production boat compared to making a mold for a fiberglass boat or all wood construction. Finally, large heavy timbers are not required which not only reduces labor, but allows sustainable timber resources and sequesters the carbon in the tree in a form that hopefully will last for some decades.

Feasibility Study of 7.8 m Fiberglass Boat Using Longitudinal Hollow Steel on Sagging and Hogging Condition

The longitudinal structure is needed to hold the boat, especially in sagging and hogging conditions. Modifying a longitudinal system using laminating steel and fiber is required to increase strength and reduce weight. This study uses a 7.8 m ship modified from conventional to hybrid construction. The finite element method compared the conventional and hybrid ship structures under sagging and hogging conditions to evaluate ship strength. In sagging conditions, the maximum stress in conventional boats is 16.68 MPa, reduced up to 13.65 MPa in hybrid boats. In hogging condition indicate that conventional has maximum stress is 11.18, which is higher than in conventional structure, as much as 10.38 MPa. The keel stress distribution in a couple of conditions of sagging and hogging indicates that the hybrid structure has lower stress than conventional vessels. The simulation shows that a longitudinal hybrid frame makes the ship stiffer in sagging and hogging conditions. The weight of conventional and hybrid boats is similar and affordable to more developing hybrid ships.

Evaluation of Antifouling Coating performance With Commercial and Lemon Natural Biocide on Composite Fiberglass Surface

Marine growth is a common problem for a near coastal marine vessel including composite fiberglass boat. Natural antifouling coating for composite fiberglass hulls towards efficient, cleanliness, sustainability and greener oceans are crucial especially in near coastal area. Antifouling performance of commercial and natural lemon biocide were analyzed by referring to ASTM 3623 – 78a for 30 days in seawater. Both commercial and natural biocide coating shows no marine growth occur within 30days of immersion due to good interaction between biocide and gelcoat. Natural biocide with 6% concentration observed similar performance as 4% commercial biocide, thus it shows lemon has a great potential of lemon as new natural biocide in marine antifouling paint.

Disposal of Worn Out Fiberglass Recreational Boats

Mass production of fiberglass boats begun in the mid-50s of the 20th century. Over decades, a large number of such boats accumulated throughout the world. Since the lifespan of these boats is 30 to 50 years, at the moment many fiberglass boats simply arived to the end of their life and need to be appropriately disposed in a safe and environmentally friendly way. It is expected that the disposal of boats will become a more pronounced problem, in which the basic issue is the relatively high cost. The main problem is the fiberglass laminate which constitutes the major part of the boat. As of today, there are no economically viable methods. Many countries do not have special programs for the disposal of worn out fiberglass boats, which would undoubtedly provide the answers to many questions. The paper gives an overview of the disposal conditions of worn out recreational fiberglass boats over the world as well in the Republic of Croatia.

Perawatan Kapal Nelayan Material Fiberglass di Kota Padang

Fishing boats of fiberglass materials require special care to make the vessel more durable. In the field, often found paint coating ships that have faded and peeling within a few years. Yet it is expected that the vessel can last long to continue to maximize the catch of fishermen. Most of the treatments found on fiberglass boats are light treatments, such as cracks. Cracks from gelcoat and scratches due to impact are maintenance work performed at boat or boat building. The key to fiberglass treatment is how to keep the gelcoat layer of fiber shiny. As is known, layer gelcoat is a very strong layer. But over time, weather changes and exposure to sunlight, this gelcoat layer can fade if not treated properly. In order to avoid these conditions, the most efficient way to do that is coated fiberglass with wax or special polish. Selection of care products for fiber boats also cannot be perfunctory. Certain types of waxes that have anti-ultraviolet rays are highly recommended for treatment. By doing proper maintenance techniques, will make the life of the fiber boat more durable and still look shiny.

The Comparison on Mechanical Bonding Properties of Untreated Coconut Fiber towards Synthetic Fiber for Fiberglass Boat Building

The development of high performance materials made from natural resources is increasing worldwide. The interest in natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly growing both in terms of their industrial applications and fundamental research. They are renewable, cheap, completely or partially recyclable, and biodegradable. The coconut fiber can be a potential candidate to replace the industrial core and foam which its application are worldwide and it is used to increase the thickness of the fiberglass boat. In this research, three types of testing panel are constructed by using 10 mm of Coconut Fiber, 3D Core Foam and Infusion Grooved PVC Foam as the sandwich core. The resin infusion method which is produce quality final products have been used. The findings be obtained by conducting two testing methods, for the Flatwise Tensile Strength testing, the specimens taken from Coconut Fiber product yielded a higher value of strength which is 3.005 MPa compared to the specimens taken from Infusion Grooved PVC Foam and 3D Core Foam which is 2.963 MPa and 1.264 MPa respectively. For the Flatwise Compressive Strength testing, the specimens taken from the Coconut Fiber product had higher value of compressive stress compared to the value of specimens taken from Infusion Grooved PVC Foam and 3D Core Foam which is 29.66 MPa, 2.58 MPa and 4.68 MPa respectively. This research has proved that the Coconut Fiber is quite suitable to become as one of the laminating schedule for the construction of the fiberglass boat hull.

Isotropic Modeling of a Composite Panel of the Stern of a Fiberglass Boat Propelled by an Outboard Motor

We performed a theoretical and experimental study to define the best way to model the finite element sandwich structure aft of a fiberglass boat less than 15 meters in length, using an isotropic linear mathematical model that fits anisotropic material conditions. This is done by defining the properties of the ship’s fiberglass resin structure, which is representative of the influence of the forces acting during the glide on the geometry of the entire vessel. Formulation of the Finite Elements Method is presented, which works on the mathematical model to define the limitations of the results obtained. Isotropic material adjustment is calculated using Halpin-Tsai laws, developing its mathematical formulation for restrictions of modulus data entered as the finite element program experimentally calculated for each of the sandwich materials. The best-fit mathematical presentation to the modulus of the composite tool justifies the calculation thereof.

Brown meagre vocalization rate increases during repetitive boat noise exposures: A possible case of vocal compensation

This study investigated whether or not boat noise causes variations in brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) vocalizations recorded in a nearshore Mediterranean marine reserve. Six nocturnal experimental sessions were carried out from June to September 2009. In each of them, a recreational boat passed over vocalizing fish 6 times with 1 boat passage every 10 min. For this purpose three different boats were used in random order: an 8.5-m cabin-cruiser (CC), a 5-m fiberglass boat (FB), and a 7-m inflatable boat (INF). In situ continuous acoustic recordings were collected using a self-standing sonobuoy. Because boat noise levels largely exceeded both background noise and S. umbra vocalizations in the species' hearing frequency range, masking of acoustic communication was assumed. Although no immediate effect was observed during a single boat passage, the S. umbra mean pulse rate increased over multiple boat passages in the experimental condition but not in the control condition, excluding that the observed effect was due to a natural rise in fish vocalizations. The observed vocal enhancement may result either from an increased density of callers or from an increased number of pulses/sounds produced by already acoustically active individuals, as a form of vocal compensation. These two explanations are discussed.

A Rescue Boat Design Utilizing Reused Plastic Bottles for Accident Preventation

Fiberglass layer of rescue boat has tendency to crack when hit by a heavy wave or involves in accident. As an alternative to this problem, waste plastic disposal is suggested to be reused in filling the displaced volume of the designed rescue boat. The main objective of this paper is to design a fiberglass rescue boat that has arrangement of bottles under the waterline section of the original boat design. The arrangement of waste plastic bottles will avoid the rescue boat from sinking if fiberglass layer of the boat happened to cracked. The design rescue boat will count on density and quantity of waste plastic bottles used at the core of the boat.

Composite Materials: Characterization, Fabrication and Application-Research Challenges and Directions

Composite Materials have come to existence as long as the history of human being is known. Woods are natural composites surrounding mankind from the very first day. Animal bone as primitive natural composite was used for fishing, hunting and agricultural activities by human. Traditional bone knife of unknown age of 10000 BC or earlier has been kept in The National History Museum. Mummification may be one of the very first humancomposite made which is documented in the history of ancient Egypt. Mummies were wrapped with strips of white linen with a thin layer of oil that protected the body from being damaged. The oldest known mummy found is dated 3000 BC. The world’s largest composite structure manifesting the civilization in human history belonged to the city of Arg-e-Bam with area of approximately 180,000 square meters. The city of Arg-e-bam was made of bricks consist of straw and mud with a history as old as 2000 BC. The last few decades of the second millennium faced human with more of challenges to develop advanced engineering materials. Organic-Matrix Composites (OMC) originated during World War II (1939–1945) in an effort by Aerospace Industry to produce materials with better resistance against corrosion and fatigue damage. When advanced composites technology was promoted in the early 1960s, the emphasis was an increased performance by means of reducing structural weight; very little attention was given to low-cost manufacturing. The demand for high performance composites was further aggrandized by the high cost of fuel which resulted from the energy crisis during the 1970s. Over 35 years, OMC have won an increasing mass fraction of aircrafts and spacecraft structures. The most widely used fibers in OMCs are fiber tows consist of thousands fine filaments arranged in a single bundle. Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (GRPs) have found extensive applications including fiber-glass boats, pressure vessels, and airplane panels. Glass fibers are the earliest known fibers in advanced composites compatible with Polyester and Epoxy matrices. Boron-FiberReinforced Composites were used as structural components. Boron fibers were first developed and marketed in 1960s in the form of monofilaments. Boron-epoxy hybrids Appl Compos Mater (2010) 17:63–67 DOI 10.1007/s10443-009-9107-5

Fiber Reinforced Polyester Resins Polymerized by Microwave Source

Polyester resin based composite materials are widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass boats. Production time of fiberglass laminate components could be strongly reduced by using an intense energy source as well as microwaves. In this work a polyester resin was used with 2% by weight of catalyst and reinforced with chopped or woven glass fabric. Pure resin and composite samples were cured by microwaves exposition for different radiation times. A three point bending test was performed on all the cured samples by using an universal testing machine and the resulting fracture surfaces were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of mechanical and microscopy analyses evidenced that microwave activation lowers curing time of the composite while good mechanical properties were retained. Microwaves exposition time is crucial for mechanical performance of the composite. It was evidenced that short exposition times suffice for resin activation while long exposure times cause fast cross linking and premature matrix fracture. Furthermore high-radiation times induce bubbles growth or defects nucleation within the sample, decreasing composite performance. On the basis of such results microwave curing activation of polyester resin based composites could be proposed as a valid alternative method for faster processing of laminated materials employed for large-scale applications.

Styrene exposure in a fiberglass boat manufacturing operation.

Styrene exposure in a fiberglass boat manufacturing operation.

Measuring performance of a half-mask respirator in a styrene environment.

A workplace protection factor (WPF) study was conducted with a half-mask air-purifying respirator during fiber glass boat production. Styrene was the measured analyte, and the geometric mean WPF found was 39.7. Analytical detection limits, sample contamination, and pulmonary elimination from previous exposures or from skin absorption were identified as important considerations that can bias the WPFs measured. There were significant differences in the mean concentrations found inside the respirator when analyzed by time period. An increase in the concentration found inside the facepiece cavity and a decrease in the WPF over time was found for people with three or four measurements. This indicates either a change in performance of the respirator over time or a bias from low-level exposures during the day or skin absorption.

Field Investigation Comparing Diffusion Badge and Charcoal Tube Monitoring for Styrene

A short investigation was completed to compare organic vapor monitor and charcoal tube results for airborne styrene in three fiberglass boat manufacturing plants. Time-weighted average results were compared for 15 paired samples (12 breathing zone/3 area). Linear regression analysis showed a strong predictive relationship and an R2 value of 0.96. The organic vapor monitors had 31 percent higher results than the charcoal tubes across the range of concentrations 5.6 ppm to 150 ppm. Paired t-test validated this inference by demonstrating statistically significant differences between the means.

Control of styrene vapor in a large fiberglass boat manufacturing operation.

An evaluation of a control system for worker protection from styrene vapor was performed at a manufacturer of large fiberglass reinforced plastic yachts. The manufacturing operations included five tiltable boat hull mold stations. Each station had a floor air slot located beneath the mold which was exhausting about 17 000 CFM. The building had an overall ventilation rate of 10-15 air changes per hour. An attempt was made to improve the performance of this control system by blowing air into the hull mold and by blocking air flow from the back of the mold to induce greater flow from the front of the mold. Consecutive short term breathing zone samples were collected in an effort to show the effect of different job tasks and work modes on exposures. ANOVA was performed to determine levels of significance of several variables. A significant exposure difference was found between right and left tilts of the 46-foot hull mold. The TWA styrene exposure values for the 3-day period of the 4 hull lamination workers were low, ranging from 17 ppm to 25 ppm, and demonstrating that styrene levels can be effectively controlled by means of strategically located high volume exhaust vents for the process studied.