Fiber-optic Wire Research Articles

The effect of Fiber Optic RealShape technology on the reduction of radiation during complex endovascular surgery

ObjectiveDespite the advantages that fenestrated endovascular aortic repair has over open repair, it is accompanied by the consequence of radiation exposure, which can result in long-term complications for both the patient and surgical staff. Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) technology is a novel advancement that uses emitted light from a fiber optic wire and enables the surgeon to cannulate vessels in real time without live fluoroscopy. This technology has been implemented at select centers to study its effectiveness for cannulation of target vessels and its impact on procedural radiation. MethodsWe collected prospective data on physician-modified endograft (PMEG) cases before and after the introduction of FORS technology. FORS PMEGs were matched with up to three conventional fluoroscopy cases by number of target vessels, inclusion of a bifurcated device below, aneurysm extent, and patient body mass index. The procedural radiation parameters were compared between these cohorts. Within the FORS cohort, we analyzed the rate of successful target vessel cannulation for all cases done with this technology (including cases other than PMEGs), and we compared the radiation between the cannulations using only FORS with those that abandoned FORS for conventional fluoroscopy. ResultsNineteen FORS PMEGs were able to be matched to 45 conventional fluoroscopy cases. Procedures that used FORS technology had significantly reduced total air kerma (527 mGy vs 964 mGy), dose area product (121 Gy∗cm2 vs 186 Gy∗cm2), fluoroscopy dose (72.1 Gy∗cm2 vs 132.5 Gy∗cm2), and fluoroscopy time (45 minutes vs 72 minutes). There was no difference in procedure length, total contrast, or digital subtraction angiography. Within FORS cases, 66% of cannulations were completed using only FORS. Cannulations using only FORS had significant reduction of navigation air kerma (5.0 mGy vs 26.5 mGy), dose area product (1.2 Gy∗cm2 vs 5.1 Gy∗cm2), and fluoroscopy time (0.6 minutes vs 2.3 minutes) compared with cannulations abandoning FORS for conventional fluoroscopy. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the advantages of FORS for total procedural radiation as well as during individual cannulation tasks. The implementation of FORS for target vessel catheterization has the potential to decrease the total degree of radiation exposure for the patient and surgical staff during complex endovascular aortic surgeries.

Static properties analysis of fiber optic wire wrapping

To improve the quality of fiber optic wire wrapping, the influence of each parameter of fiber optic wire wrapping on the stress distribution of wire wrapping is studied, and the mechanical properties of fiber optic wire wrapping are simulated based on the principle of fine mechanics of composite materials. Solid elements are used for modeling through finite element analysis, and the problem of using ANSYS to solve the wire package is initially solved by establishing a 1° model for analysis and calculation. The results show that the core cylinder slightly, core cylinder radius, and fiber diameter have no effect on the stress distribution state of the fiber in the wire pack, but if the core cylinder stiffness increases, the minimum stress value of the wire pack will also increase, and the minimum stress area of the fiber unit tends to be far from the core cylinder surface.

The Influence of Wire Diameter Uniformity on the Quality of Fiber Optic Wire Package

The fiber optic wire package is the core component of fiber optic guided rockets. Due to the non-uniformity of the fiber optic wire diameter, the winding process is prone to winding defects, which affects the missile launch process. In this paper, a finite element simulation model for the winding process of the fiber optic wire package is established. The accuracy of the simulation model is verified by comparing it with the analytical model for the contact pressure between fiber optic layers. Then finite element models considering the wire diameter tolerance are established to analyze the effect of diameter uniformity on the winding quality of the fiber package. The results show that the stress distribution of a fiber optic package becomes increasingly uneven with increasing wire diameter non-uniformity, and the structural stability of the package decreases. The edge fibers of a 20-layer optical fiber package are easily extruded when the deviation from the nominal diameter is more than 3%. This study helps to guide the manufacturing accuracy of optical fibers and improve the structural stability of the wire package.

Intra-Articular Laser Therapy May Be a Feasible Option in Treating Knee Osteoarthritis in Elderly Patients.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in elderly patients. They are often troubled with altered knee function, such as pain and weakness. However, not all these patients are able to receive autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections as they may be taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications. Their physical condition may not allow them to receive total knee replacement surgery as well. Long-term oral intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be detrimental to the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, it is crucial to discover new treatment options that can alleviate painful knee symptoms in elderly knee OA patients. In this study, 19 elderly patients diagnosed with moderate degree of knee OA as well as suprapatellar bursitis were recruited. They received low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to their affected knees. Under ultrasound guidance, flexible fiber optic wire was inserted intra-articularly into the knee joint. Red laser followed by infrared irradiation was performed once every 2 weeks for a total of 3 times. The Lequesne index for knee OA and the volume of suprapatellar synovial fluid (SF) were measured. SF proteomic analyses were also performed up to a period of 6 months. The results revealed that after 3 LLLT, the Lequesne index significantly decreased, signifying improvement in the knee joint functional status. The volume of suprapatellar SF and SF proteins associated with inflammation also decreased significantly in the SF. These findings lasted up to a period of at least 3 months. Therefore, LLLT may be considered as a feasible option in treating elderly patients with knee OA who are not suitable for surgical interventions or intra-articular PRP injections.

Optimal Lighting of Optical Devices for Oral Cavity

Oral surgery mainly provides surgical scope illumination by doctors wearing headlamps, but there are still clinical restrictions on use. The limitations are (1) due to the angle of the head swing and the shadow of the visual field during the operation and (2) due to projection of the light source being worn on the doctor’s head and the length of the wire, and the fiber-optic wire will affect the relative position of the surgical instrument and limit the scope of the doctor’s activity. This study will focus on the development of oral lighting optical microstructure devices to solve and improve the abovementioned clinical use limitations. The production method is to make an oral lighting mold by 3D printing technology and use the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of liquid silicone material to make an oral lighting device with mold casting technology. The results show that the optical simulation achieves the target light distribution by optimizing the three geometric reflection surfaces combined with the lens design by the optimization method, and the maximum illumination value can reach 5102 lux. According to the measurement results of mold casting technology, the average errors of the profile of the 3D printing finished product and the PDMS finished product of the oral device structure are about 1.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Because the contour of the PDMS finished product’s error caused the light to shift by 0.5∼3 mm distance, the light is still concentrated in the range of the tonsils, so this study can be defined as within the acceptable range of within 16.9% of the intra lighting error. The development of oral lighting devices in this study will reduce the burden on physicians in nonprofessional fields, reduce the time of surgery for patients to maintain the health of doctors, and rise the level of medical equipment to increase surgical safety.

Cardiac Imaging: OCT

Abstract Introduction Intracoronary imaging by means of optimal coherence tomography (OCT) provides valuable incremental information that can be used clinically to optimize stent implantation and minimize stent-related problems. Over the past decades, OCT has progressively evolved with respect to technical performance and procedural aspects. Principle OCT is a fiberoptic wire with a rotating lens emitting near infrared (1,300 nm) light and records the light reflected from the tissue. The currently used Fourier domain-OCT allows superior image quality and faster image acquisition. OCT in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) It helps in accurate detection of actual event leading to ACS among plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodule. OCT has an advantage over intravascular ultrasound for identification of vulnerable plaque and also detection of thin cap fibroatheroma < 65 µm. Clinical Utility OCT helps in diagnosis of an angiographically ambiguous lesion such as dissection, thrombus, and calcified nodule. It also helps in planning different aspects of percutaneous coronary intervention such as lesion preparation, determining stent size and length and also helps in optimization of results of stent deployment.Certain nonatherosclerotic events such as coronary arteritis can be diagnosed with OCT.Continued advancement in technology, faster image acquisition, and more sophisticated coregistered image analysis will facilitate greater adoption through ease of use and interpretation.

Photopolymerizable biogel scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells: safety and efficacy evaluation of novel treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration.

Tissue engineering approaches to treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) represent a novel avenue of addressing the biologic basis of this disease. However, such approaches remain limited by their invasive nature and disruption to the annular fibrosis (AF). This study sought to explore a new minimally-invasive tissue-engineering approach utilizing an injection of a photopolymerizable biogel scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directly into the nucleus pulposus (NP). This study was performed using rabbit specimens for both in vivo and in vitro outcome measures. The treatment in this study was performed by injecting 25 μl of 10% (w/v) methacrylated gelatin biogel with 0.15% (w/v) lithium phenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) and rabbit MSCs (1 × 106 ) cells/ml into the NP. Samples were then photopolymerized in situ using non-ultraviolet light irradiation via a fiberoptic wire. For the in vitro arm of this study, gene expression analysis demonstrated increased anabolic activity in irradiated MSCs with and without biogel scaffolds. For the in vivo arm of this study, while GAG analysis did not demonstrate significant differences between groups, MRI analysis exhibited a trend toward improved NP matrix. Histological analysis was consistent with increased cellularity and less severe disc degeneration in the MSC + Gel group. However, osteophyte formation was noted in both Stab and MSC + Gel groups after the study period. Increased matrix gene expression of irradiated groups within in vitro studies indicates a photobiologic effect of 405 nm light. Despite promising anabolic actions, osteophyte formation and AF defects could not be avoided with implementation of this minimally-invasive tissue-engineering approach. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1451-1459, 2019.

The traffic control information center of Seville after the urbanistic transformation in 1992. Positive and negative influence of the urban plan implementation

New Information Technologies applied to land and urban managemment are yielding effective assessment and control tools as those already working in the most modem cities of Europe. Nevertheless, a previous logic conception of the urban structure is indispensable when it comes to creating an Information System for traffic control. In the case of the City of Seville, the change in the configuration of its road network has been crucial for the implementation of the Traffic Information Control System that has been in service in Seville since 1993. This paper aims to point out the interest of the relation there has been between the new urban plan of Seville and the simplification and the design of its Traffic Control System which is based on a fiber optic wire network. But this paper will also discuss negative factors for the implementation of a project that was too linked with the financing for this urban transformation. It will also explain the prospects of a future project, as well as the problems it will face, due to the traditional lack of coordination between the three different levels of independent administrations in Spain -Central, Regional and Municipal, which is a serious handicap for developing a more global concept of information systems.