Mechanical Properties Of Fibers Research Articles

Fine-Grain High-Performance Densified Oxide Fibers Produced by Open Ultrafast High-Temperature Sintering.

The considerable grain growth occurring during the long-term high-temperature sintering of polycrystalline oxide fibers negatively affects their mechanical properties, which highlights the need for alternative sintering methods. Herein, open ultrafast high-temperature sintering (OUHS) in air, characterized by rapid heating/cooling (>10000 K min-1) and a short high-temperature holding time (<10 s), is used to produce 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia continuous fibers with coherent boundaries forming robust connections between fine grains. The tensile strength of these fibers (2.33GPa on average, sintering temperature = 1673 K) notably exceeds that of their counterparts produced by traditional sintering (1.17GPa). The effects of pores on fiber mechanicalproperties are analyzed using experimental and theoretical methods. For a versatility demonstration, OUHS is applied to several types of polycrystalline oxide fibers (HfO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Y2O3, and La2Zr2O7), considerably improving their mechanical properties and enabling crystalline phase control, which demonstrates the suitability of this procedure for the development of high-performance materials.

Diseased Tendon Models Demonstrate Influence of Extracellular Matrix Alterations on Extracellular Vesicle Profile.

Tendons enable movement through their highly aligned extracellular matrix (ECM), predominantly composed of collagen I. Tendinopathies disrupt the structural integrity of tendons by causing fragmentation of collagen fibers, disorganization of fiber bundles, and an increase in glycosaminoglycans and microvasculature, thereby driving the apparent biomechanical and regenerative capacity in patients. Moreover, the complex cellular communication within the tendon microenvironment ultimately dictates the fate between healthy and diseased tendon, wherein extracellular vesicles (EVs) may facilitate the tendon's fate by transporting biomolecules within the tissue. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how the EV functionality is altered in the context of tendon microenvironments by using polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffolds mimicking healthy and pathological tendon matrices. Scaffolds were characterized for fiber alignment, mechanical properties, and cellular activity. EVs were isolated and analyzed for concentration, heterogeneity, and protein content. Our results show that our mimicked healthy tendon led to an increase in EV secretion and baseline metabolic activity over the mimicked diseased tendon, where reduced EV secretion and a significant increase in metabolic activity over 5 days were observed. These findings suggest that scaffold mechanics may influence EV functionality, offering insights into tendon homeostasis. Future research should further investigate how EV cargo affects the tendon's microenvironment.

Structures Deciding the Mechanical Properties of Fibers

Structures Deciding the Mechanical Properties of Fibers

Strain-dependent glutathionylation of fibronectin fibers impacts mechano-chemical behavior and primes an integrin switch

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a protein polymer network that physically supports cells within a tissue. It acts as an important physical and biochemical stimulus directing cell behaviors. For fibronectin (Fn), a predominant component of the ECM, these physical and biochemical activities are inextricably linked as physical forces trigger conformational changes that impact its biochemical activity. Here, we analyze whether oxidative post-translational modifications, specifically glutathionylation, alter Fn’s mechano-chemical characteristics through stretch-dependent protein modification. ECM post-translational modifications represent a potential for time- or stimulus-dependent changes in ECM structure-function relationships that could persist over time with potentially significant impacts on cell and tissue behaviors. In this study, we show evidence that glutathionylation of Fn ECM fibers is stretch-dependent and alters Fn fiber mechanical properties with implications on the selectivity of engaging integrin receptors. These data demonstrate the existence of multimodal post-translational modification mechanisms within the ECM with high relevance to the microenvironmental regulation of downstream cell behaviors.

Effects of Mini-Spidroin Repeat Region on the Mechanical Properties of Artificial Spider Silk Fibers.

Spiders can produce up to seven different types of silk, each with unique mechanical properties that stem from variations in the repetitive regions of spider silk proteins (spidroins). Artificial spider silk can be made from mini-spidroins in an all-aqueous-based spinning process, but the strongest fibers seldom reach more than 25% of the strength of native silk fibers. With the aim to improve the mechanical properties of silk fibers made from mini-spidroins and to understand the relationship between the protein design and the mechanical properties of the fibers, we designed 16 new spidroins, ranging from 31.7 to 59.5 kDa, that feature the globular spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, but harbor different repetitive sequences. We found that more than 50% of these constructs could be spun by extruding them into low-pH aqueous buffer and that the best fibers were produced from proteins whose repeat regions were derived from major ampullate spidroin 4 (MaSp4) and elastin. The mechanical properties differed between fiber types but did not correlate with the expected properties based on the origin of the repeats, suggesting that additional factors beyond protein design impact the properties of the fibers.

Predictions of mechanical properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete using ensemble learning models

Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) significantly improves the tensile, crack resistance, and durability of concrete by adding fiber materials, making it highly promising for applications in structural reinforcement, repair and new construction projects. The strength of FRC is a crucial indicator of its mechanical properties. This study utilizes ensemble learning techniques to predict and analyze the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of FRC. A total of 1589 sets of compressive strength data, 1137 sets of splitting tensile strength data, and 1061 sets of flexural strength data were collected from existing literature. Four ensemble models (GBDT, Xgboost, LightGBM, RF) were used to establish prediction models and analyze influencing factors for these three FRC mechanical properties, and the results were compared with traditional models. The results show that the ensemble models can effectively solve the FRC strength prediction problems compared to traditional models. The GBDT regression model performed best in predicting compressive and flexural strength, with R2 values of 0.939 and 0.867, respectively. The Xgboost regression model performed best in predicting splitting tensile strength, with an R2 value of 0.944. Further analysis using SHAP revealed that cement and water significantly impact FRC strength. The inclusion of fibers significantly affects the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of FRC but has a minimal impact on compressive strength. The study not only demonstrates the feasibility of using machine learning algorithms for FRC strength prediction but also provides a fast and reliable means for FRC strength prediction, offering more reliable data support for the design and application of FRC materials, aiding practical engineering applications.

Preparation and application of polycaprolactone/β-cyclodextrin/gamma-Decalactone nanofiber composites in citrus postharvest diseases

Citrus fruits are highly susceptible to pathogenic fungal infections after harvesting, which causes serious economic losses. Therefore, it's necessary to develop new antifungal packaging. In this study, gamma-Decanolactone (DL) was successfully encapsulated in a polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) composite system using electrostatic spinning technology. PCL/β-CD was compounded in different ratios, the ratio was screened through other indicators such as fiber morphologies and mechanical properties. Then, antifungal mats were prepared by adding different concentrations of DL to the PCL/β-CD solution. The results showed that when the mixture ratio of PCL/β-CD was 6:1 and loaded with 6 % DL, the antifungal felt had strong mechanical, significantly inhibiting the growth of three citrus pathogens (P. digitatum, P. italicum and G. candidum), released DL for up to 204 h and effectively reduced the morbidity rate of citrus fruits. Therefore, the antifungal pad prepared in this study has great potential in the field of citrus disease control.

Capturing sclera anisotropy using direct collagen fiber models. Linking microstructure to macroscopic mechanical properties.

Because of the crucial role of collagen fibers on soft tissue mechanics, there is great interest in techniques to incorporate them in computational models. Recently we introduced a direct fiber modeling approach for sclera based on representing the long-interwoven fibers. Our method differs from the conventional continuum approach to modeling sclera that homogenizes the fibers and describes them as statistical distributions for each element. At large scale our method captured gross collagen fiber bundle architecture from histology and experimental intraocular pressure-induced deformations. At small scale, a direct fiber model of a sclera sample reproduced equi-biaxial experimental behavior from the literature. In this study our goal was a much more challenging task for the direct fiber modeling: to capture specimen-specific 3D fiber architecture and anisotropic mechanics of four sclera samples tested under equibiaxial and four non-equibiaxial loadings. Samples of sclera from three eyes were isolated and tested in five biaxial loadings following an approach previously reported. Using microstructural architecture from polarized light microscopy we then created specimen-specific direct fiber models. Model fiber orientations agreed well with the histological information (adjusted R2's>0.89). Through an inverse-fitting process we determined model characteristics, including specimen-specific fiber mechanical properties to match equibiaxial loading. Interestingly, the equibiaxial properties also reproduced all the non-equibiaxial behaviors. These results indicate that the direct fiber modeling method naturally accounted for tissue anisotropy within its fiber structure. Direct fiber modeling is therefore a promising approach to understand how macroscopic behavior arises from microstructure.

The Influence of Hemp Fibers (Cannabis sativa L.) on the Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Gypsum Boards Reinforcing the Gypsum Matrix.

The modern construction industry is looking for new ecological materials (available, cheap, recyclable) that can successfully replace materials that are not environmentally friendly. Fibers of natural origin are materials that can improve the properties of gypsum composites. This is an important issue because synthetic fibers (hardly biodegradable-glass or polypropylene fibers) are commonly used to reinforce gypsum boards. Increasing the state of knowledge regarding the possibility of replacing synthetic fibers with natural fibers is another step towards creating more environmentally friendly building materials and determining their characteristics. This paper investigates the possibility of manufacturing fiber-gypsum composites based on natural gypsum (building gypsum) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers grown in Poland. The effect of introducing hemp fibers of different lengths and with varying proportions of mass (mass of gypsum to mass of fibers) into the gypsum matrix was investigated. The experimental data obtained indicate that adding hemp fibers to the gypsum matrix increases the static bending strength of the composites manufactured. The highest mechanical strength, at 4.19 N/mm2, was observed in fiber-gypsum composites with 4% hemp fiber content at 50 mm in length. A similar trend of increased strength was observed in longitudinal tension. Again, the composite variant with 4% fiber content within the gypsum matrix had the highest mechanical strength. Manufacturing fibers-gypsum composites with more than 4% hemp fiber content negatively affected the composites' strength. Mixing long (50 mm) hemp fibers with the gypsum matrix is technologically problematic, but tests have shown a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the refined composites. The article indicates the length and quantity limitations of hemp fibers on the basis of which fiber-gypsum composites were produced.

Dynamic response mechanisms of thin UHMWPE under high-speed impact

This study systematically explores the dynamic response mechanisms and energy dissipation mechanisms of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber laminated plates with thicknesses of 1.1 mm, 2.8 mm, and 5.4 mm under high-speed steel ball impacts through experimental, theoretical analysis, and dimensional analysis. By analyzing the damage mechanisms from experimental results, the main modes of energy absorption were identified, and a relatively accurate predictive model for ballistic limit speed was established. The results show that under high-speed steel ball impacts, the primary failure modes of UHMWPE fiber laminated plates are localized permanent bulging plastic deformation and perforation failure caused by compressive shear. The ballistic limit speeds for UHMWPE with thicknesses of 1.1 mm, 2.8 mm, and 5.4 mm are respectively 233.5 m/s, 415.7 m/s, and 602.9 m/s. The theoretical calculations of the energy model align well with the experimental results, indicating that as the speed increases, the proportion of tensile energy absorption gradually decreases, consistent with the observed phenomena. Near the ballistic limit, there are significant turning points in the level of energy absorption and the height of the rear bulge. The ballistic limit increases linearly with target thickness, and the unit area density energy absorption also increases continuously. Finally, this study established a dimensionless ballistic limit model considering the mechanical properties of fibers and the matrix, which through regression analysis, can accurately describe the ballistic limits of various strengths and types of fiber laminated plates, suitable for predicting the ballistic performance of various composite materials.

Osteoinductive potential of graphene and graphene oxide for bone tissue engineering: a comparative study

BackgroundBone defects, especially critical-size bone defects, and their repair pose a treatment challenge. Osteoinductive scaffolds have gained importance given their potential in bone tissue engineering applications.MethodsPolycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds are used for their morphological, physical, cell-compatible and osteoinductive properties. The PCL scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, and the surface was modified by layer-by-layer deposition using either graphene or graphene oxide.ResultsGraphene oxide-coated PCL (PCL-GO) scaffolds showed a trend for enhanced physical properties such as fibre diameter, wettability and mechanical properties, yield strength, and tensile strength, compared to graphene-modified PCL scaffolds (PCL-GP). However, the surface roughness of PCL-GP scaffolds showed a higher trend than PCL-GO scaffolds. In vitro studies showed that both scaffolds were cell-compatible. Graphene oxide on PCL scaffold showed a trend for enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells without any differentiation media than graphene on PCL scaffolds after 21 days.ConclusionGraphene oxide showed a trend for higher mineralisation, but this trend is not statistically significant. Therefore, graphene and graphene oxide have the potential for bone regeneration and tissue engineering applications. Future in vivo studies and clinical trials are warranted to justify their ultimate clinical use.Graphical abstract

Fabrication and Characterization of Polycaprolactone-Baghdadite Nanofibers by Electrospinning Method for Tissue Engineering Applications.

This work investigates the essential constituents, production methods, and properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and Baghdadite fibrous scaffolds. In this research, electrospinning was used to produce fiber ropes. In this study, the Baghdadite powder was synthesized using the sol-gel method and incorporated into PCL's polymeric matrix in formic acid and acetic acid solvents. The present work examined PCL-Baghdadite fibrous scaffolds at 1%, 3%, and 5 wt% for morphology, fiber diameter size, hydrophilicity, porosity, mechanical properties, degradability, and bioactivity. The introduction of Baghdadite nanopowder into pure PCL scaffolds reduced fiber diameter. The wetting angle decreased when Baghdadite nanopowder was added to fibrous scaffolds. Pure PCL reduced the wetting angle from 93.20° to 70.53°. Fibrous PCL scaffolds with Baghdadite nanopowder have better mechanical characteristics. The tensile strength of pure PCL fibers was determined at 2.08 ± 0.2 MPa, which was enhanced by up to 3 wt% by adding Baghdadite nanopowder. Fiber elasticity increased with tensile strength. Baghdadite at a 5% weight percentage reduced failure strain percentage. Fibers with more Baghdadite nanopowder biodegrade faster. Adding Baghdadite ceramic nanoparticles resulted in increased bioactivity and caused scaffolds to generate hydroxyapatite. The results show that Baghdadite PCL-3 wt% fibers have promising shape, diameter, and mechanical qualities. After 24 h, L-929 fibroblast cell viability was greater in the scaffold with 3% Baghdadite weight compared to the pure PCL. PCL-3 wt% Baghdadite fibers generated hydroxyapatite on the surface and degraded well. Based on the above findings, PCL fibers having 3 wt% of Baghdadite are the best sample for tissue engineering applications that heal flaws.

Comprehensive research on the correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile‐based precursor fibers prepared by wet‐spinning

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based precursor fibers with different mechanical properties prepared by wet‐spinning and its correlation with microstructure was researched, the primary structural factors that affecting its properties were analyzed. The tensile strength and modulus of precursor fibers increased from 4.63 cN/dtex to 9.16 cN/dtex and 99.09 cN/dtex to 168.92 cN/dtex, respectively, with the increase in crystallinity from 69.29% to 87.84% and orientation degree increased from 83.95% to 93.81%, high performance precursor fibers could be achieved by decrease in the crystallite size and interlayer spacing, these aggregation structure plays a decisive role to the mechanical properties of fibers. The integrality of aggregation structure and properties could reflected by boiling water shrinkage behavior and glass transition temperature from the side. The fracture morphology of fibers with different properties were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three fracture characteristics were observed, PF1 and PF3 presented the radial extended fracture without microfibril pull out, radial cluster fracture with the pull out of microfibril for PF2, PF4–PF6, together with the axial splitting pattern in PF6, which was revealed by microfibrils/fibrils in longitudinal and transverse combined with solution etching. Precursor fibers with less voids, without serious skin‐core, continuous arrangement, tightly stacked, well‐developed and complete oriented microfibrils/fibrils, exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Possible fracture process was given from the perspective of aggregation structure and microfibrils/fibrils, which become dominant factors determining properties of precursor fibers. Improve the performance could be achieved by regulating surface structure and cross‐sectional shape. As one of the main structural factors that determining properties, by reducing diameter could minimize the numbers and sizes of defects.

Enhancement of concrete performance and sustainability through incorporation of diverse waste carpet fibres

Carpet fibres have demonstrated the potential to mitigate early-age cracking and improve tensile properties in concrete. However, a detailed analysis of the varied types of standard carpet fibres in reinforced concrete has been lacking. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the performance of concrete reinforced with widely used waste carpet fibres, namely Nylon, Polypropylene, Polytrimethylene terephthalate, and Polyester. The study employs fibres at 0.3 % and 0.5 % volume fractions with a 12 mm length. The research examines mechanical properties, shrinkage and cracking behaviour, pore structure, microstructure, and the ITZ. Results show that 0.3 % fibre volume yielded optimal performance based on GRA analysis. All fibre types reduced shrinkage compared to the control with no fibres. Nylon T1 at 0.3 % achieved a 22.3 % reduction at 90 days. Furthermore, fibre inclusion enhanced flexural and splitting tensile strengths up to 12 % and 39 % respectively due to fibre bridging, pore refinement, and reduced porosity. Notably, individual fibre mechanical properties influenced concrete performance significantly. Hydrophilic fibres exhibited a thinner 10 µm ITZ compared to 15 µm for hydrophobic fibres, contributing to denser interfacial regions and improved bonding. This study demonstrates the potential of carpet fibre-reinforced concrete as a sustainable solution, offering enhanced mechanical properties, shrinkage mitigation, and effective utilization of carpet waste, addressing critical issues in construction and waste management sectors.

Study of the effect of void defects on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites

This study is to investigate the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites considering void defects by adopting a representative volume element model. The results reveal that initial damage always sprouts at the interface, the void defects affect the location of the initial damage and are the dominant factor in determining the stress required for damage sprouting. In addition, the void defects as well as the neighboring debonding interfaces together determine the direction of the main damage evolution zone. The transverse tensile properties are most affected by the void defects, while the longitudinal tensile properties are least affected. In particular, the strength is more sensitive to void defects than that of elastic constants. In addition, the mechanical properties of high Fiber Volume Fraction (FVF) FRP composites are significantly stronger affected by void defects than those of low FVF FRP composites.

Mechanical property enhancement of flax fibers via supercritical fluid treatment

The desire for lightweight, carbon-negative materials has been increasing in recent years, particularly as the transportation sector reduces its global carbon footprint. Natural fibers, such as flax fiber and their composites, offer a compelling combination of properties including low density, high specific strength, and carbon negativity. However, because of the low modulus and high variability in performance, natural fibers can’t compete with glass fibers as structural reinforcements in polymer composites. In this study, flax technical fibers were treated in supercritical CO2 (scCO2), and the effects of this treatment on the morphology and properties of flax fibers are reported. Treatment in scCO2 successfully resulted in higher fiber modulus and strength by 33% and 40%, respectively. Fiber porosity was reduced by 50% and morphological changes to the fibers were observed. Specifically, fiber lumen collapsed during treatment and micro/mesoporosity was reduced by 27%. Treated flax fibers were used to create 30 vol% unidirectional flax-epoxy composites. ScCO2 treatment raised composite modulus and strength by 33% and 25%, respectively. Because of the dependence between technical fiber size and mechanical properties, the relationship between fiber modulus and fiber size were created and applied to the rule-of-mixtures. This relationship were found to be viable representations of the fiber performance within each composite. Overall, the treatment developed in this study has the potential to significantly improve natural fiber properties, enabling their consideration for use in lightweight, semi-structural composites.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using RCC and PCC

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using RCC and PCC

Investigation of mechanical and physico-chemical properties of new natural fiber extracted from Bassia indica plant for reinforcement of lightweight bio-composites

In this investigation, novel cellulose fibers were acquired from the Bassia Indica plant to serve as a reinforcement source in composite materials. The morphological characteristics were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface chemistry, crystallinity, and functional groups of Bassia Indica fibers were analyzed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which assess the crystal structure, elemental composition, and surface functional groups, respectively. The thermal behavior of Bassia Indica fibers were assessed through Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Anatomical techniques demonstrated the abundant presence of fibroblasts in the fibers. The presence of lignocellulosic fiber (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) was confirmed through ATR-FTIR analysis. The analysis of physical properties unveiled a fiber density of 1.065 ± 0.025 g/cm³ and a diameter of 145.58 ± 7.89 μm. The crystalline size of Bassia Indica fibers reached 2.23 nm, with a crystallinity index of 40.12 %, and an activation energy of 93.78 kJ/mol, TGA research revealed that Bassia Indica fibers are thermally stable up to 260.24 °C. Additionally, the fibers experienced maximum degradation at 321.23 °C. Weibull statistical analysis was performed using parameters 2 and 3 to calculate the observed dispersion in the experimental tensile results after analyzing the mechanical properties of the fibers possessing a tensile strength of 417.50 ± 7.08 MPa, Young's modulus of 17.46 ± 1.55 GPa, stress at failure of 1.17 ± 0.02 % and interfacial shear strength of 6.99 ± 1.10 MPa. The results were additionally compared to how they were stated in the relevant sources. Bassia Indica fibers can be considered a viable choice for reinforcing lightweight bio-composites.

Collaborative disposal of exhaust gas and waste wind turbine blades: Mechanical properties of recycled glass fibres and economic analysis

The accumulation of waste wind turbine blades poses significant environmental challenges. Pyrolysis offers an industrially viable solution for both disposal and the recycling of valuable glass fibers from these blades. Exhaust gas from industrials with waste heat can be utilized to reduce the process cost. However, for mixed atmosphere of exhaust gas containing both CO2 and O2, its influence on resin matrix decomposition characteristics and fiber mechanical properties are currently unclear. This work provided a solution collaborated with exhaust gas to disposal of waste wind turbine blades, in which operating parameters (atmosphere composition and process procedure) were optimized. Results showed that the early invention at pyrolysis with low concentration of O2 in exhaust gas played a major role in facilitating the formation of surface protection. Atmosphere during oxidation of pyrolytic residual carbon was crucial in maintaining fiber strength. At this stage, the interaction between CO2 (especially at 15% concentration) and O2 could mitigating fiber degradation through promoting the re-oxidization of Si dangling bonds and reducing water corrosion. However, stepwise processing of pyrolysis first and then oxidation under exhaust gas with O2 containing was not recommended due to its little cost-effectiveness. The single step disposal of wind turbine blades collaborated with coal-fired flue gas could increase the strength of recycled glass fiber by over 50% and reduced process costs by 34%.

Effect of the blending between upland and combing waste on cotton fiber and yarn quality

Blending of cotton wastes with raw materials to produce different textile products has economically and environmentally beneficial. This study was carried out in Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center. This investigation aimed to study the impact of blending ratio on fiber, mechanical and physical yarn quality properties to find out the optimum blending ratio that achieves the optimum yarn quality properties. For this purpose, fiber properties, mechanical and physical yarn quality properties of ring spun yarns produced from cotton variety Giza95, Delta pine245 cotton variety (upland cotton) combed cotton waste of Extra Fine Giza93 and six different binary blend ratios were studied. Blended samples were spun into 36s, and 40s, carded yarns at constant twist multiplier 4 on ring spinning system. the results showed that fiber properties, Physical and mechanical properties of yarns produced from Giza95 were better than 100% upland cotton, 100% combed cotton waste and the other blended yarns.65% Giza95-35% combed waste of blended samples recorded higher fiber properties(maturity ratio, fiber length, uniformity index, fiber strength and fiber elongation) than all blended samples.Also,the same blended ratio at 36s, yarn count give better lea count product strength, yarn strength, yarn elongation, evenness, imperfections and yarn hairiness compared with all blended yarns followed by 65% combed waste - 35% Giza95.While, the lowest yarn quality properties recorded by The blended yarn of 35% Giza95-65% Delta pine245. Also, it observed that increasing proportion of G95 cotton variety in blended samples led to improve fiber, mechanical and physical yarn properties