Field Of Urban Planning Research Articles

Re‐designing Social Impact Assessment to enhance community resilience for Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Action and Sustainable Development

AbstractEnhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and community resilience are fundamental for sustainable development. However, cultural and political‐institutional barriers hinder governments from progressing towards sustainability. We propose a redesign of social impact assessment (SIA) to make it more applicable to the field of regional and urban planning, and we discuss the role SIA can have in enhancing community resilience to achieve DRR and sustainable development in localities. We argue that, to convert SIA into a tool that can inform regional recovery and development planning, a rethinking of SIA and of the role of SIA practitioners is needed. We therefore expound the SIA Framework for Action and we enhance it to be a community‐based process focussed on informing regional policies and plans and decisions about the projects to be included in such plans. Application of the SIA Framework for Action will help governments overcome the barriers to DRR and sustainable development.

Spatial interventions and built environment features in developing age-friendly communities from the perspective of urban planning and design

Population ageing is creating opportunities and challenges for many communities across the globe, as one in six people is expected to be older than 65 by 2050. Initiatives to develop age-friendly communities (AFC) have increased in popularity for more than two decades. While the physical environment and outdoor spaces are recognized as the core domain of the concept of AFC in the literature, most articles are published in the journals of ageing, gerontology, health and social policy and not in mainstream urban planning or design journals. The aim of the paper is to examine the spatial interventions and built-environment related discussions in the scholarly literature in the realm of AFC in the fields of landscape architecture and urban planning and identify gaps in the literature with the focus on spatial interventions. In addition, this paper aims to call urban planners and designers to action to be more engaged in the discussions and implementation of age-friendliness of communities. Findings suggest that urban planners and designers have the ability and power to contribute to the implementation of AFCs by raising awareness, changing attitude towards ageing issues, develop networks and collaboration, increase empathy, initiate and change policies, and put policies into action.

Revisiting Cifuentes’s Model for Cultural Heritage Tourism in the Era of Pandemics: The Site of Mardin Cultural Landscape Area

ABSTRACT The sustainability of tourism areas requires visitor management complying with their carrying capacities. By focusing on culture, this study revisits Cifuentes’s model developed for determining tourist load capacity within the field of ecology and used widely in natural protection areas. Theoretically, from within the field of urban planning, it contributes with adaptation of this model into a mere cultural heritage site. Practically, it creates scientific bases for visitor management of the area of Site Management Plan for Artuklu (Mardin) considering the limitations of the pandemic. First, the study area covering the site of “Mardin Cultural Landscape” and its environs was divided into different Visitor Management Zones (VMZs) by following opportunity spectrum approaches. VMZs, characterized by high, medium, low tourist densities, were determined by evaluating the findings of MCDA. Secondly, physical (PCC), real (RCC), and effective (ECC) carrying capacities adapted from model were calculated for each VMZ. The findings indicated a high level of difference between the PCC and RCC and much higher difference with that of ECC. The RCCs and ECCs signified that unless resolving basic infrastructure problems besides inefficiencies of personnel employment for the proper management of the site, it is not possible for it to welcome new visitors.

Restoration works and major repairs at cultural heritage sites: basic aspects of building digitization in forecasting and planning of works

Introduction. The problematics of exploitation of objects of cultural heritage (OCH) is covered. The classification of OCH and peculiarities of their definition in different countries are presented. The statistical data on OCH in the Russian Federation, including those belonging to UNESCO, are analyzed. The peculiarities of management, problems of monitoring the state of OCH are considered. The fundamental issue of OCH management is the protection activity, which is based on unique models formed by different countries on the basis of their unique experience. The proposed approach to creating a methodology for capital works on OCH using digital twins (DT) of buildings is of practical importance, as it makes it possible to predict the serviceability and preservation in time of objects, providing the necessary degree of elaboration of structural sections of the restoration of OCH projects. The aim of the study is to describe the modern approach to forecasting and planning of capital works on OCH.
 
 Materials and methods. The data of the national and international normative-legal base in the field of urban planning and protection of OCH are used. The public source of statistical information on OCH is the Unified State Register of OCH. General methods of scientific knowledge were used: methods of empirical research (observation, comparison) and methods of theoretical research (abstraction, analysis and synthesis).
 
 Results. The conducted research determined the basic aspects of diagnosing OCH in a digital environment, allowing the formation of certain provisions of the methodology for creating digital twins of objects.
 
 Conclusions. The issue of capital works on the OCH does not lose its relevance for scientific discussions in the applied areas of development of digital technologies in the construction industry. The use of digital twins of buildings in the selected subject area of the study will optimize the work on project documentation, minimize current adjustments to projects at the stage of its implementation, providing significant cost savings in comparison with modern practices, and ultimately achieve maximum safety of the OCH.

Understanding the Exploitation Plan and Business Model in EU-funded Research Projects by Applying the Business Model Canvas Approach in Public Space

European Commission has obliged Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe beneficiaries to specify the dissemination and exploitation of their funded activities’ outcomes. In this way, research results can be extended to benefit the wider society. However, beneficiaries have difficulties meeting these goals due to the overlap between dissemination and exploitation and the uncertainty of how to translate research activities and outputs into socio-economic benefits for the society. This paper developed a framework based on the business model canvas to operationalise an approach to exploitation. The framework was tested within the EU-funded research project C3Places in the fields of urban planning and sustainable spatial development. The resulting reference framework can be used as a guideline for the design and development of research project exploitation plans. It is especially valuable for projects in the fields which usually do not have ‘sellable’ or even marketable outcomes and products but rather result in soft measures and recommendations for public policies. Accordingly, it can support the decision-making processes of both policymakers and private organisations.

REDISCOVERING CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES BY INTERACTIVE 3D EXPLORATION: A PRACTICAL REVIEW OF OPEN-SOURCE WEBGL TOOLS

Abstract. Georeferenced reconstructions can help understand the dynamic evolution of the urban context surrounding a historical site, supporting decision-making processes in the field of urban planning. The development of web applications that allow the interaction between 2D and 3D products, as well as their exploration, can facilitate virtual inspections and foster collaboration in digitization of interventions and site evolutions over time. The article discusses how virtual scene reconstructions and visits can provide alternatives to traditional in-situ tourism promotion, through digital storytelling solutions for the exploration of sites. The article also describes how 3D storytelling technologies are currently being used for dissemination cultural heritage sites. The case study of the Castello Farnese, an old XVI century heritage site in Piacenza (Italy), test the adoption of two distinct free and open-source JavaScript WebGL, Potree and Cesium, for the rendering of photogrammetric and laser scanning georeferenced scaled products and for the integration of narrative features such as annotations, camera animations, texts, and other multimedia contents. Potentials and limitations of both tools are discussed in detail, highlighting how they can be implemented for enhancing user experience in virtual tour and exploration of 3D products. In order to guarantee replicability for other case studies, source code of the implemented application is shared on GitHub along with its documentation for contributions.

Preservation of cultural landscape in the historical Siberian city

Purpose: The aim of this work is to discusses the main periods of the cultural landscape formation in the historical Siberian city.Design/methodology/approach: This research is required to preserve the cultural landscape in the historical city during its construction and reconstruction. The paper presents the data analysis and refinement obtained during the literature review in the field of architecture and urban planning in Siberia. Applied are the full-scale survey methods, functional and graph-analytic analyses.Research findings: The data obtained allow identifying the main periods of the cultural landscape formation and development in the historical Siberian city interacting with natural landscape elements. The main theses are formulated for the preservation of the cultural landscape in the historical Siberian city.

The Pathway of Urban Planning AI: From Planning Support to Plan-Making

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly gaining prominence as a crucial technology to transform and reshape the field of urban planning. However, several unanswered questions persist regarding the potential impacts of AI on urban and regional planning research and practice, as well as the issues involved and the appropriate responses and plans. This paper aims to address these concerns in the AI-enabled planning process and accordingly create a typology of urban planning AI to categorize and outline the progression of AI in urban planning, ranging from AI-assisted and AI-augmented planning to AI-automated and eventually AI-autonomized planning, based on a scoping literature review.

Ecosystem Services for the City as a Complex System: A Methodological Proposal

Originating from the main theories on the interpretation of the city as a system, this paper calls attention to the need to build a new theoretical framework. This framework would be able to support actions related to the consideration of ecosystem services in the activities governing urban and territorial transformations. By adopting the systemic interpretation of the city, it may be possible to more readily identify the ecosystem services related to each of the urban subsystems, and promote a new and different consideration of them when defining urban policies on the sustainable management of urban and territorial systems. This reflection describes a new approach to the problem, by indicating mainly the theoretical references and methodological connections to be considered in the development of a new dimension of territorial government. This dimension would be, by necessity, built upon issues that characterize the current historical phase, such as ecological transition, and the new potential of technological innovation that, if properly reconsidered, could contribute to substantially redefining the field of traditional urban planning.

The Werkbund estates in Wrocław and Stuttgart as examples of the tourism use of modernist urban complexes

ABSTRACT The turn of the twentieth century brought many progressive ideas in the field of architecture and urban planning that are also reflected in modernist urban residential estates. These modern structures and spatial compositions reflected the need for good quality of living in healthy urban, natural and social environment. The paper focuses on two estates of the German Werkbund located in Wrocław (WUWA, Poland) and Stuttgart (Weissenhof, Germany), which due to their uniqueness constitute tourist attractions of both cities. The main objective of the comparative analysis was to identify model solutions for making historic housing estates available to visitors, shaping an attractive tourist product from entire urban complexes based on architecture and open spaces, simultaneously maintaining the balance of their basic social and tourist functions and the principles of sustainable development.

Using Spatial Justice in Urban Planning with The Systemic Thinking Approach

The unbalanced distribution of public land uses is one of the consequences of the rapid growth of cities in recent decades. This problem causes the unequal of citizens from urban services, which results in the morphing of the polar and dual spatial structures in the city space. The present study is to recognize and analyze the dimensions of spatial justice and apply this concept in urban planning. Therefore, it is applied research. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Qualitative data were collected with an open questionnaire and through interviews and reviewing library documents. The quantitative data used in numerical form and by the weighting of Delphi questionnaires were prepared. In this study, 12 professors, experts in the field of urban planning and management from five top universities of Tehran in Iran (Tehran University, Sharif University of Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, The University of Tarbiat Modarres, and Shahid Beheshti University) were selected as the team of experts. Then, by forming the matrix of the interaction space justice elements and numerical coding of experts based on the logic of the cause-effect and the effect of each criterion on the system and conversely, effective spatial justice indicators in urban planning, were prioritized. The results of the analysis show that urban space has spatial justice when it includes the indicators of "simplicity and readability", "equality of opportunity" and "human scale". Finally, according to the results of previous stages, the neighborhood layout model in the city is proposed based on the concept of spatial justice.

Research on bike-sharing travel behavior: A review of the Chinese language literature

In recent years, with the development of information technology and the promotion of low-carbon concept, bike-sharing has gradually emerged in Chinese cities and become one of the daily travel modes for residents. Meanwhile, the research on bike-sharing travel behavior has become a hot topic in the field of urban transportation planning. However, due to the language barrier, relevant Chinese language literature is often neglected in the existing studies. To fill this gap, this paper provided a review of the Chinese literature that examines bike-sharing travel behaviors. Through bibliometric analysis, we found that recent papers in this area focused on the spatiotemporal characteristics, influencing factors and demand forecasting of bike-sharing trips. Further, we summarized the new data and methods adopted and the main findings obtained in these researches. In response to the current status of relevant studies, we concluded our insights on planning for a low-carbon cycling environment. Finally, we suggest that future directions should include the mining of socio-economic attributes of individual bike-sharing users, the influence of humanistic perception factors on bike-sharing trips, and the bike-sharing travel behavior in the post-pandemic era in China.

TACTICAL URBANISM AS A TOOL FOR TRANSFORMING PUBLIC SPACES

The article describes tactical urbanism, its practice and theoretical prerequisites, as well as the sociocultural conditions for its application, which allow us to consider it as an actual direction in the design of open and closed public architectural spaces, working in the interdisciplinary field of urban planning, architecture, design, sociology, which allows creating a new or reverse engineer the existing solution through scalable interventions (the concept of "small things") and urban planning experiments.

Exploring the Relationship between Urban Form, Mobility and Social Well-Being: Towards an Interdisciplinary Field of Sustainable Urban Planning and Transport Development

This Special Issue focuses on exploring the relationship between urban form, mobility, and social well-being across neighbourhoods, cities, and regions [...]

Scaling Down from the Neighborhood in Urban Planning Research and Practice: The Potential Benefits of a Micro-Scale Focus

The neighborhood has been the dominant spatial unit in urban planning since the early 20th century. Criticisms of the neighborhood unit include disagreements about defining boundaries, methodological challenges in capturing neighborhood effects, and negative impacts on communities. With advancements in data management, and public data available at smaller units (street block or property), quantitative analyses are possible at the micro-scale. This commentary draws on crime research and prevention to illustrate the benefits of micro-scale approaches to quantitative analyses in the field of urban planning, arguing that the devolution to smaller scales may be a vehicle for efficient resource allocation.

CITIES 2022 Preface

CITIES International Conference is an annual international conference organized by the Urban and Regional Planning Department of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS Surabaya). The conference, which debuted in 2005, serves as a platform for academics and practitioners to present, disseminate, and discuss research results in the field of urban and regional planning. Through the efforts of all involved, CITIES has grown from a primarily national conference to one that attracts a diverse, worldwide audience from the Asian, European, Australian, and American continents.CITIES International Conference 2022 will focus on the theme “Future Challenges of the System of Cities”. This theme is important because cities do not grow in isolation, but have interdependent relationships with regions, countries and continents on a larger scale. These relationships must be studied in depth to ensure that urban areas can grow evenly without causing negative effect in the surrounding area. Additionally, this theme also prompts us to examine why production and consumption activities are concentrated or distributed in urban areas of different sizes and compositions. Furthermore, this theme also leads us to explore why the gap between cities, in terms of both skills to income, must be addressed in a measured and careful manner.With this need in mind, CITIES International Conference 2022 is designed to be a meeting place for stakeholders, including academics, researchers, practitioners and bureaucrats, both within and beyond national boundaries. The conference aims to disseminate research results and practical experiences at local, national and global levels, and to share insight and recommendations on improving the quality of city system in the future.CITIES International Conference 2022 was organized in collaboration with the World Planning School Congress (WPSC) and the Asian Planning School Association (APSA) as a joint congress from August 30th to September 2nd, 2022. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions caused by high numbers of cases, especially in Indonesia, the event was held virtually using the Zoom platform.List of Sponsor Funding Acknowledgements, Committees, Rundown Cities International Conference 2022 “Future Challenges of the System Of Cities”, Conference Photograps are available in this Pdf.

CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURAL MODEL OF CONFLICTS: ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN PLANNING CONTEXT

The article analyzes existing classifications of spatial conflicts. The hybrid criteria for assessing spatial conflicts, which are concentrated around society, communities, government institutions and the activities of investors. The determined classification provided grounds for introducing and justifying a new structural model of conflicts, which represents the relationships between the branches of government, investors and society, which are connected in a double and triple interaction. 
 Based on the analysis of the existing conflict classification system, approaches to conflict analysis in the field of urban planning and architecture, the following conclusions can be conclusions.
 The article analyzes the existing methods and the existing system of classifications, approaches to the analysis of conflict research, presents the distribution scheme of conflict spheres, which are divided into three main directions of the appearance of spatial conflicts: by the sphere of conflict deployment, the sphere of conflict flow, the sphere of conflict influence.
 On the basis of this analysis, the hybrid criteria for the classification of conflicts, which are grouped around three integral characteristics that create prerequisites for the appearance of spatial conflicts, such as: society, government, investor, are substantiated. This classification made it possible to substantiate the structural model in the form of three components: society, government and investor.
 Conducting an analysis of conflict research in various subject areas indicates the insufficiency of consideration among urban planning specialists or the lack of organic unity of legal and urban planning aspects of the peculiarities of the problems of social, legal conflicts, as well as conflicts in the field of urban planning and architecture, which allows to systematize tasks for solving key problems.

SPIRITUAL COMFORT AND SPIRIT OF THE CITY AS AN URBAN PHENOMENON

The article makes theoretical reflections and analogies of urban systems (ideal, functional, intelligent city) with human spirituality and spirituality of the city. The study considers spirituality as part of human comfort, and the need for urban spirituality as a key requirement of urban planning. The spiritual component is underestimated by society, as well as by specialists in organizing the space of social activity, while it is the intangible and vernacular that create the "face" of cities. The key idea of the study is that the city should be spiritually comfortable, and in substantiating architectural and urban planning decisions in today's dynamic conditions, spiritual criteria and categories of faith, culture, mentality should be the main ones. The phenomenon of spirit and comfort of cities has been reconsidered, approaches to returning spirituality to cities, wider participation of free human will (libera voluntas) in the process of their creation, deformalization of the existing practice of urban planning, activation of internal resources of people in the design of cities, formation of new forms of urban life and activity have been substantiated. Rethinking urbanization, we consider spirituality as an integral part of human nature and urban community, urban lifestyles and activities.
 A research methodology based on the provisions of behavioral psychology and cultivating the integrity of "reading, imaging and building a city" is presented. An approach based on the assertion that urban spirituality is realized through innate needs, challenges and contexts is applied. In the process of research, to build a model of spiritual comfort of the city, the position of the five-dimensionality of urban planning space (person – functions – conditions – geometry – time) was used and semi-structured interviews (surveys and conversations) were conducted with civil servants, persons who worked in the field of urban planning, management and religious affairs, as well as in institutional groups (creative unions, public associations, religious congregations, schools, families). This contributed to the collective assessment of this phenomenon, its connection with the city. Events and spiritual places that create a sense of spiritual comfort — coziness, calm and educate a person — are allocated, spirituality and sacredness of the city space as a system are analyzed. Proposals are formulated and architectural and town-planning recommendations are presented to strengthen the spirit and spiritual comfort of cities.

СУЧАСНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ОБ'ЄКТІВ МІСЬКОГОБУДІВНИЦТВА

Of all the problems that exist today in the construction industry, the current problems of research in the field of architecture and urban planning, information modeling technology should pay special attention to the problems of modern design of urban construction. After all, few novice builders know about the design of buildings on the master plans of settlements on historical and architectural reference plans, as well as on zoning plans and on the most detailed plans of territories, which are strictly prohibited. Information assessment of the harmony of architectural form in the future can be used to formalize such aesthetic characteristics as scale, dynamism, rhythm and so on. The information method can become a reliable tool for harmonizing the entire architectural environment. Summarizing the above, the following ways of solving problematic issues related to the issuance of urban conditions and restrictions are suggested

URBAN WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION THROUGH LANDSCAPE DESIGN ENHANCING SOCIAL-CULTURAL CONDITIONS OF EL-MINA, TRIPOLI

The concept of waterfront revitalization has been a prominent notion in the field of urban planning and is considered an effective strategy to enhance deteriorated sites and inspire the identity and authenticity of communities. Nevertheless, there is no definite prescription for success when it comes to linking waterfront landscape design with improving the social and cultural site conditions in a deteriorating historical area. This paper examines the revitalization of the waterfront through greenway design in El-Mina, Tripoli, Lebanon in order to put emphasis on the local culture of the city and create socio-cultural opportunities for the area of study and better improve the quality of life of its residents. The research employs a mixed method approach, where both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied. The qualitative approach is based on theoretical study and the analysis of three case studies and the quantitative part of the study consists of both a survey and simulations to understand the various struggles and problems that the residents of the zone of study face and to find the optimum landscape design proposal that links the waterfront to the existing urban fabric along with sustainable environmental solutions to enhance the surrounding heritage context through the design of a Cultural Park that is applied on a lot by the city’s waterfront. A set of design recommendations regarding the connectivity of landscape waterfront spaces to heritage spaces were then issued and developed based on the synthesis of the simulation results and urban analysis.