Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Research Articles

Normal Standard TCD/AC Ratio for the Evaluation of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Singleton Fetuses

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased fetal mortality rate, and its early detection is important for determining delivery timing and planning neonatal care. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of the fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) to abdominal circumference (AC) ratio in fetal growth evaluation that can predict intrauterine growth restriction and propose a reference value for normal Korean fetuses. Methods: This study included a total of 1011 fetuses between 19 and 34 weeks of gestation from January 2021 to December 2022. A simple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between TCD and AC and gestational age, and the normal mean values and percentiles of the TCD/AC ratio by gestational age were calculated. Results: TCD and AC correlated strongly with gestational age, increasing along with gestational age. The TCD/AC ratio in normal fetuses between 19 and 34 weeks of gestation was 13.26, with a 95th percentile of 14.39. Conclusions: The TCD/AC ratio can be utilized as a useful variable to predict intrauterine growth restriction when evaluating the growth of Korean fetuses. Furthermore, close observation is required when the TCD/AC ratio exceeds 14.39, allowing for early prediction and management of intrauterine growth restriction.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter as Independent Parameter in Diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter as Independent Parameter in Diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Ultrasonic evaluation of transverse cerebellar diameter and vermian anteroposterior diameter in detecting fetal age among pregnant Egyptian women

Abstract Background Accurate dating of pregnancy is critically important for pregnancy follow-up from the first trimester to delivery and is particularly necessary for determining viability in premature and postdate deliveries. Aim The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and vermian anteroposterior diameter as ultrasonographic parameters for the prediction of fetal age. Patients and methods Five hundred and twenty normal pregnant women were examined for the TCD depending on the fetal age of their fetuses from 14 to 38 weeks. Four hundred and sixty normal pregnant women out of the previous were examined for vermian anteroposterior diameter from 18 to 38 weeks. The data analyzed by SPSS were used to calculate mean±SD for quantitative variables. Percentiles 5th, 50th and 95th, Pearson correlation and polynomial regression were also used. Results The mean TCD increased from 13.63 mm at 14th week to 53.68 mm at 38th week of gestation. There was high degree of correlation between TCD and fetal age. The mean vermian anteroposterior diameter increased from 8.78 mm at 18th week to 26.68 mm at 38th week of gestation. There was a linear correlation between vermian anteroposterior diameter and fetal age. There was linear correlation between TCD and vermian anteroposterior diameter. Conclusion It could be concluded that the TCD and vermian anteroposterior diameter are reliable parameters for the determination of fetal age in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Fetal Gestational Age Estimation Using Ultrasonic Transverse Cerebellar Diameter in a Sub-Saharan African Population.

To explore the relationship between fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) and menstrual gestational age (GA) and to generate normative references (nomogram) of the fetal TCD in some pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria. Four hundred pregnant women with a singleton fetus between 14 and 38 weeks GA were enrolled. The TCD and other biometric parameters (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length) as well as the cerebellar appearance were analyzed and correlated with the GA. The mean TCD increased from 13.3 ± 0.3 mm at 14 weeks to 52.3 ± 3.3 mm at 38 weeks of pregnancy. A strong positive correlation was observed between TCD and GA, which was best represented by a linear regression equation: Predicted GA = 0.557 × TCD + 8.840. The regression analysis indicated a statistically significant strong positive relationship between TCD and GA (r = 0.972 and P < 0.001). The cerebellar appearance based on shape and echogenicity was graded into Grade I: 230 fetuses (57.5%); Grade II: 74 fetuses (18.5%) and Grade III: 96 fetuses (24.0%). Median GA and TCD were 21 weeks and 21.2 mm for Grade I; 29 weeks and 35.5 mm for Grade II; and 35 weeks and 48.1 mm for Grade III, respectively. The TCD increased in a linear fashion with advancing GA in the evaluated fetuses. The TCD is, therefore, a good marker for GA estimation. There is a gradual ultrasonographic change in fetal cerebellar appearance with advancing gestation.

Sonographic estimation of gestational age using transverse cerebellar diameter among late trimester pregnancies in Kano, Northwest Nigeria

Background/Context: Accurate estimation of fetal gestational age (GA) is of paramount importance in the management of all pregnancies, especially for the planning of mode of the delivery and management of high-risk pregnancies. Obstetric ultrasonography is a simple, available, affordable, and noninvasive modality for estimating fetal GA due to its high safety profile. The fetal cerebellum is easily visualized and reliably identified on ultrasound in the posterior cranial fossa after 14 weeks of gestation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) in determining GA in second- and third-trimester pregnancies and compare its accuracy with other established sonographically derived fetal biometric parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 424 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters who were sure of their last menstrual period (LMP) were recruited into the study over a period of 6 months (May to November 2019) at the Radiology Department of AKTH-Kano, Nigeria. The corresponding fetal TCD and other established fetal biometric indices (biparietal diameter [BPD], head circumference [HC], abdominal circumference [AC], and femur length [FL]) were sonographically obtained and correlated. Pearson’s bivariate coefficient was used to establish the correlation between the traditional biometric indices with TCD and GA derived by LMP. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the accuracy of the studied indices in predicting GA. Results: The range for TCD in second- and third-trimester fetuses was 15.9–57.5 mm. The TCD parameter was more accurate (±1.753 days) than BPD (±2.298 days), HC (±2.337 days), and AC (±4.342 days) and marginally less accurate than FL (±1.165 days) in predicting GA among study subjects (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: TCD is a reliable and accurate parameter for GA estimation in late second- and third-trimester pregnancies when compared with established fetal biometric parameters among pregnant women in Kano, Nigeria.

Fetal Cerebellar Growth Curves Based on Biomathematics in Normally Developing Japanese Fetuses and Fetuses with Trisomy 18.

We used biomathematics to describe and compare cerebellar growth in normally developing and trisomy 18 Japanese fetuses. This retrospective study included 407 singleton pregnancies with fetuses at 14-39 weeks of gestation and 33 fetuses with trisomy 18 at 17-35 weeks. We used ultrasonography to measure fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and anteroposterior cerebellar diameter (APCD). We hypothesized that cerebellar growth is proportional to cerebellar length at any given time point. We determined the formula L(t) ≒Keat+r, where e is Napier's number, t is time, L is cerebellar length, and a, K, and r are constants. We then obtained regression functions for each TCD and APCD in all fetuses. The regression equations for TCD and APCD values in normal fetuses, expressed as exponential functions, were TCD(t)=27.85e0.02788t-28.62 (mm) (adjusted R2=0.997), and APCD(t)=324.29e0.00286t-322.62 (mm) (adjusted R2=0.995). These functions indicated that TCD and APCD grew at constant rates of 2.788%/week and 0.286%/week, respectively, throughout gestation. TCD (0.0153%/week) and APCD (0.000430%/week) grew more slowly in trisomy 18 fetuses. This study demonstrates the potential of biomathematics in clinical research and may aid in biological understanding of fetal cerebellar growth.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) Measurement as an Individual Parameter for Prediction of Gestational Age in Pregnant Ladies

Objective: To determine a relation between fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and gestational age from 14 to 36 weeks in pregnant ladies including local population of Karachi from different areas. Methodology: One hundred and seventeen pregnant women were included. The sample size was determined via Online WHO EPI sample size calculator considering the previous study (21) via correlation (r=0.94) with confidence interval 95% and power of test 90%. Booked cases of pregnant women age ranging between 18-40 years with singleton pregnancies of any parity seeking ultrasound for antenatal care were included. Pregnant women with known case of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or diagnosed case of pregnancy induced hypertension or gestational diabetes &amp;fetal structural anomalies were excluded. Demographics and obstetrical data including name, age, parity and relevant records of gestational age from early dating sonographic scan were recorded. Under supervision of expert radiologist in addition to regular biometry parameters T.C.D was also recorded for determination of gestational age. Recorded data was analyzed electronically via SPSS version 22. Results: A quantitative analysis of 117 patients For determination of a correlation between transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and gestational age of fetus revealed that out of total 117 pregnant women 29 were primiparous, six were grand multiparous (&gt;5 parity) and the rest were multiparous. Mean ± SD of maternal age was 26.4±4.7 years with minimum 18 and maximum 40 years. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that a strong and linear correlation was found among fetal transverse cerebellar diameter &amp; the gestational age i.e. (r=0.99) P&lt;0.005. Conclusion: Between Transverse cerebellar diameter and the gestational age of the fetus between 15 to 36 weeks, a linear correlation was noted. Hence, it can be utilized as a reliable predictor of gestational age. Keywords: Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter, Ultrasound, Gestational Age.

Reference chart for transverse cerebellar diameter in developing fetuses according to their gestational age in Indian population

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to develop reference chart and to evaluate the efficacy of transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) as one of the fetal biometric parameters used in ultrasonography to determine gestational age in the Indian population. Also, in this study we compared our findings with similar studies done on different ethnic populations to check effect of different ethnicity, environmental and nutritional factors in development of TCD.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodIn this study routine antenatal check‐ups of 300 singleton pregnant women were done after obtaining ethical clearance from Institute Ethical Committee. Ultrasonographic measurements of various fetal biometric parameters were taken which included, biparietal diameter (cm), head circumference (cm), abdominal circumference (cm), femur length (cm) and transverse cerebellar diameter (cm). Reference chart with mean TCD for corresponding gestational age (GA) in weeks was developed and compared with results of similar other studies.ResultsStatistically significant correlation found between TCD and gestational age (R2=0.92, p=0.0006). Gradually increasing linear pattern obtained between the development of TCD and corresponding gestational age of the fetus. Therefore, it is more reliable parameter to be used in regression formulae used in USG machine to predict accurate gestational age of fetus. When reference charts for TCD is compared with findings in other studies in different ethnic population, it is found that there is statistically significant difference exists.ConclusionsIn normally developing fetuses the TCD has linear correlation with advancing gestational age. Therefore, along with other fetal biometric parameters measurement TCD can be used in determination of gestational age for more accuracy. Thus by preventing over or under estimation of gestational age will help in reducing no judicious use of health resources and medical interventions. A separate reference chart is required for every different population because ethnicity, nutrition and environmental factors can have impact on normal TCD values. This will help to avoid misinterpretation of data to determine gestational age in various ethnic populations.

Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) Measurement for Gestational Age Prediction in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy

Background: The purpose of this study was to see how accurate transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) measurement is at predicting gestational age in normal fetuses. In the 2 nd &amp; 3 rd trimesters of pregnancy a range of sonographics fetal biometric characteristics can be utilized to determine gestational age. Other parameters, such as bi-parietal diameter and fetal length, are used to determine transcerebellar diameter. Objective(s): To determine the predictability of GA estimated from fetal TCD assessed on ultrasonography in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters of pregnancy. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Ch. Mohammad Akram teaching and research hospital on 84 pregnant healthy ladies with fetuses ranging in age from 18 to 45 years old. During the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters of pregnancy a routine ultrasound scan was done. In additions to the standard biometric parameter the transcerebellar diameter was estimated. Results: The TCD of 84 patients as a measure of gestational age in weeks. These were generated from data collected during the study and include mean and standard deviation TCD measurements of 84 participants ranging in gestational age from 14 to 40 weeks. The current research found a significant link between the GA of TCD and the GA of BPD and fetal length. The TCD(mm) mean and standard deviations were 33.74 ± 11.762 respectively. The TCD gestational age mean and standard deviations were 28.160 ± 6.7942 respectively. Bi-parietal diameter (mm) has a mean and standard deviation of 68.24 ± 18.503. Bi-parietal diameter had a mean and standard deviation of 27.996 ± 6.9099 gestational age. The standard deviation and mean 50.32 ± 16.265 mm Fetal length The mean and standard deviation of fetal length gestational age are 27.423 ± 6.7625. Different criteria such as transcerebellar diameter, biparietal diameter, and femur length, are used to establish the gestational age of the fetus in this cross-sectional analysis. Conclusion(s): The TCD is a set of accurate variables for assessing GA in pregnant women in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters. Key words: Transcerebellar diameter; Gestational age; Fetal length ; Bi-parietal diameter. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/93-08 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

Evaluation of the Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) Measurement for Prediction of Gestational Age in 2nd and 3rd Trimesters of Pregnancy

Background: To study the usefulness of transcerebellar diameter measurements ultrasonographically for detection gestational age as early period. transcerebellar diameter with that determined by other parameter i.e. bi-parietal diameter, fetal length , abdominal circumference and the head circumference. Objective(s): Study aim is to see how accurate fetal transverse cerebellar diameter measured at predicting GA in the pregnancy patients second and third trimesters. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analysis performed in Ch. Mohammad Akram teaching and research hospital with sample size of 116 pregnant healthy females with fetus normal aged 18 to 40 year. A regular ultrasound scan was performed in the pregnancy second and third trimesters. The transcerebellar diameter was calculated in additions to normal biometric parameter. Results: A observe TCD measured in mm of 116 patients was seen in a nomogram based on gestational age in weeks. This was based on the information gathered during the study. mean TCD measurements in 28 patients between the ages 14 and 20 week was 13.0 mm to 20.3mm, 41 patient between the ages 21 and 30 weeks has a mean TCD measurement of 22.2mm to 33.9mm, and 47 patients between the ages of 31 and 42 weeks has a mean TCD measurement of 37.5 weeks to 58.0. Conclusion(s): The TCD is accurate parameters for the assessment of GA in the 2 nd & 3 rd trimester of pregnant women. Keywords: Gestational age; Transcerebellar diameter; Head Circumference; Fetal length; Abdominal Circumference; Bi-parietal diameter. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-11 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Proposal of reference values for transverse cerebellar diameter in Korean fetuses and comparison with other countries

Background: In Korea, fetuses are currently assessed using ultrasound data collected from foreign subjects. This study aimed to propose independent reference values for the transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) in Korean fetuses to predict gestational age (GA) and compare the TCD values among different countries. Methods: A total of 1819 healthy singletons with GAs of 15–37 weeks were retrospectively analyzed. The TCD was measured in the transcerebellar plane of the fetal head. TCD percentiles were calculated for different GAs, and a regression model was created to predict GA. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to examine the differences in the mean TCD and variations in the TCD among different countries. Results: The TCD ranged from 1.48 to 4.76 cm with a mean of 2.7 ± 0.91 cm. In the regression model of TCD (cm) = 0.129 GA (weeks) – 0.527 (95% confidence interval 0.129–0.130, p &lt; 0.001), the TCD explained 98.4% of the variance in GA. Significant differences in the mean TCD were found between Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and India. TCD variations increased as the mean TCD increased. Conclusions: Fetal TCD is an important biometric index for predicting GA. Ethnic differences must be considered when using fetal TCD.

Predictive possibility of the transverse cerebellar diameter to abdominal circumference ratio for small-for-gestational-age fetus suspected as a cause of maternal placental syndromes: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Objective To examine whether fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) to abdominal circumference (AC) ratio can predict small-for-gestational age suspected as a cause of maternal placental syndromes (SGA-MPS). Methods We evaluated 473 women who underwent ultrasound examinations at 24–28 weeks of gestation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the TCD/AC ratio thresholds to predict SGA-MPS. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association. Results TCD/AC ratio>14.37 was associated with SGA-MPS. Conclusions Accurate risk stratification using the TCD/AC ratio could assist in managing patients with small-for-gestational-age fetuses at risk of developing MPS-associated adverse outcomes.

Fetal and perinatal outcome associated with small cerebellar diameter based on second- or third-trimester ultrasonography.

To examine the outcome of pregnancy with fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) below the fifth percentile based on routine second- or third-trimester ultrasonography. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 12344 women according to TCD Z scores based on systematic second- or third-trimester ultrasound examination between 2007 and 2015. Information on major malformations, chromosomal anomalies, intrauterine or neonatal demise, and other abnormal findings were collected. In total, 408 fetuses with small prenatal TCD underwent clinical investigation; 160 major malformations were noted, consisting mainly of neurological or cardiac anomalies (39,2%%). Chromosomal anomalies were reported in 39 (9.5%) and intrauterine or neonatal demise in 41 cases (10%). Major malformations and chromosomal anomalies were found in 46.4% and 10% of fetuses with extremely small TCD (Z score<-2.5), respectively, 31.3% and 12.7% of fetuses with small TCD (Z score between -2.0 and -1.645), and 39.6 % and 7.7% of fetuses with subnormal TCD (Z score between -2.0 and -1.645). Intrauterine or neonatal demise was noted in 22%, 8.8%, and 4.8% of fetuses with extremely small, small, and subnormal TCD, respectively (P<.05). Among intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, fetal demise or neonatal adverse outcome was reported in 75%, 81.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. Of all the fetuses, 2.2% were lost to follow-up. A small cerebellar diameter below the fifth percentile is a relevant marker to detect associated anomalies during routine ultrasound examination in the second or third trimester. This is related to a high rate of fetal malformations, chromosomal anomalies, and genetic disorders, regardless of the severity of the cerebellar small size. Small TCD seems to be a prognostic factor for fetal growth restriction. Therefore, when facing a TCD below the fifth percentile, patients should be referred for further sonography and fetal karyotyping.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) Measurement for Prediction of Gestational Age in 2nd and 3rd Trimesters of Pregnancy

Prediction of gestational age based on sonographic fetal parameters is perhaps the cornerstone in modern obstetrics. The transverse cerebellar diameter serves as a reliable predictor of GA in the fetus and is a standard against which abnormalities in other fetal parameters can be compared. A variety of sonographic fetal biometric parameters can be used to assess gestational age in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The TCD is an additional biometric parameter against which aberrations in other fetal parameters can be compared.&#x0D; Objective: To assess the predictability of GA calculated by fetal TCD measured in 2nd &amp; 3rd trimester of pregnancy on ultrasound.&#x0D; Methods: This was an cross-sectional study with a sample size 371 healthy, pregnant females with a normal fetus included aged 18 to 40 years, conducted in Gilani ultrasound center ferozpur road lahore. A standard 2nd and 3rd trimester ultrasound examination was done. In addition to the standard biometric parameters, the transcerebellar diameter was also measured. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis.&#x0D; Results: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient method was applied at a significance level of 1% (α = 0.01).using statistical software SPSS version 23.0. It was observed that BPD and TCD had a statistically significant, strong, linear correlation (r=0.976), GA of FL (r=0.978), LMP (r=0.976) P value (0.000) were considered significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: The TCD is a reliable parameter for the determination of GA in the 2nd &amp; 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.&#x0D; Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 379-385

Sonographic Reference Values for Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter in the Second and Third Trimesters in a Nigerian Population

This study aimed to establish reference values of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) in a Nigerian population. A cross-sectional convenience study was carried out between June 2013 and May 2014 in Enugu, Nigeria. The sonographic examinations were performed on 697 pregnant women with gestational ages between 14 and 40 weeks. The TCD measurements were obtained from the proximal outer margin to the distal outer margin of cerebellum. The women’s last menstrual period, femur length, biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference were also recorded. The mean (standard deviation) TCD increased from 13.6 (2.2) mm to 27.3 (2.6) mm and 28.9 (2.0) mm to 42.9 (2.0) mm in the second and third trimesters, respectively. The relationship of TCD with gestational age obtained from last menstrual period, femur length, biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference was determined. The TCD had a strong correlation with gestational age ( r = .93; P &lt; .05). Reference values for TCD were established for those patients who attended this clinic. This is a likely data set to use for future research that could focus on similar practices and in other regions of the country for possible generation of a nationwide nomogram.

Ratio of fetal anteroposterior to transverse cerebellar diameter for detection of the cerebellar hypoplasia in the second trimester and comparison with trisomy 18.

Cerebellar hypoplasia, particularly, trisomy 18, represents a chromosomal abnormality. However, morphological assessment of the fetal cerebellum is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to produce reference values for the fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD), anteroposterior cerebellar diameter (APCD) and the ratio of APCD to TCD (APCD/TCD ratio) in normal fetuses, compared with cases of trisomy 18. This retrospective study included 266 normal singleton pregnancies resulting in term delivery at our institution from 2012-2013. Patients had received ultrasound examinations in the second trimester. TCD and APCD measurements were performed and then APCD/TCD ratio was calculated. Consequently, three cases of trisomy 18 were compared with reference values. Gestational age correlated with TCD (rs = 0.766, P < 0.0001) and APCD (rs = 0.61, P < 0.0001), but not with APCD/TCD ratio (rs = 0.070, P = 0.252). The median APCD/TCD ratio was 0.52 and the standard deviation was 0.05. In cases of trisomy 18, all TCD measurements were located within normal ranges. In contrast, both the APCD and APCD/ TCD ratio displayed lower values than that of normal fetuses. This study showed that not only TCD but also APCD correlated with gestational age, and APCD/TCD ratio indicated a fixed value (almost 0.5) in normal fetuses. Furthermore, APCD and APCD/TCD ratio were deemed useful indicators for cerebellar hypoplasia. In particular, the APCD/TCD ratio proved more convenient, without requiring individual evaluation of TCD and APCD.

3차원초음파에서 임신주수 예측을 위한 선형회귀방정식의 구현

태아의 소뇌는 임신주수에 따라 성장하며 소뇌횡직경 길이의 측정은 임상에서 태아성장 예측의 중요한 지표로 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 임신 20~37주 사이의 산모를 임신 주수별 각 20명씩 총 340명을 대상으로 3차원초음파 탐촉자를 이용하여 태아의 태령 및 태아의 소뇌 양쪽 외단을 측정해 기초자료를 획득하였다. 결과적으로 임신 주수에 따른 태아 소뇌횡직경의 성장을 회귀곡선으로 표시하였고 선형회귀방정식에서 결정계수를 얻었다. 3차원초음파를 이용한 임신주수에 따른 소뇌횡직경 측정방법은 통계적으로 유의(p<0.001)하였으며, 태령을 예측함에 있어 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 임신주수에 따라 증가하는 소뇌횡직경의 측정은 정확한 임신주수의 산정이 가능 할 것이며 임상에서 현재 이용되고 있는 태령측정 방법의 대체 또는 개선방법이라 사료된다. 태아의 성장에 따라 측정하는 소뇌형직경은 임신주수에 따른 태아 성장의 평가가 가능하며, 태아의 머리 모양에 관계없이 성장장애가 있는 경우에도 임신주수의 예측이 가능하다. 따라서 본 연구를 기초자료로 하여 지속적인 연구가 시행된다면 3차원초음파를 이용한 소뇌횡 직경의 측정은 정확한 임신주수 예측에 유용할 것으로 사료된다. Fetal cerebellum is grow depending on the gestational age, measurement of transverse cerebellar diameter(TCD) is being used import indicator of fetal growth prediction in clinical. In this study, the subjects were normal pregnant women 20~37 week of gestation, and the volume scan was conducted on the 340 subjects. The research reports was indicated by regression curve the growth of fetal TCD in accordance with the gestational age. It got to the value of the results from a linear regression equation. Measurement fetal TCD using 3D US was statistically significant(p<0.001) and useful in the prediction of gestational age. TCD increases with gestational age can also distinguish between the normal fetal and prediction of accurate gestational age of fetal growth retardation. If the basic data of the present study, ongoing research is performed, the TCD using by 3D US are expected to be usefully applied in the correct prediction gestational age.

Reference Range of Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Between 18 and 24 Weeks of Pregnancy in a Brazilian Population

To determine a reference range of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter in Brazilian population. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with 3772 normal singleton pregnancies between 18 and 24 weeks of pregnancy. The transverse cerebellar diameter was measured on the axial plane of the fetal head at the level of the lateral ventricles, including the thalamus, cavum septum pellucidum, and third ventricle. To assess the correlation between transverse cerebellar diameter and gestational age, polynomial equations were calculated, with adjustments by the determination coefficient (R2). The mean of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter ranged from 18.49 ± 1.24 mm at 18 weeks to 25.86 ± 1.66 mm at 24 weeks of pregnancy. We observed a good correlation between transverse cerebellar diameter and gestational age, which was best represented by a linear equation: transverse cerebellar diameter: -6.21 + 1.307*gestational age (R2 = 0.707). We determined a reference range of fetal transverse cerebellar diameter for the second trimester of pregnancy in Brazilian population.

Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter Measurement for Prediction of Gestational Age in Pregnant Sudanese Ladies

This study was carried out to evaluate whether Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) in singleton gestations can serve as a reliable predictor of gestational age (GA) in fetuses in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. A prospective study was carried out with 50 pregnant ladies, GA ranging from 15to37 weeks (estimation of mean GA was 26.8 ± 6.8 weeks), with a single fetus.TCD measurement by ultrasound was used for each fetus. Correlations between fetal TCD and GA were determined for the whole sample. Mean TCD was 28.6 ± 7.5 mm in 15-37 weeks of gestation. Regression analysis indicates a significant relationship between TCD and GA; correlation coefficient (r) = 0.94 and p< 0.001. Fetal TCD by ultrasound could be a predictive biometric parameter of GA in the last two trimesters of a pregnancy. Keywords-Fetal Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD); Gestational age (GA); Ultrasound

Fetal transverse cerebellar diameter measured by ultrasound does not differ between genders

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between fetal transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and gestational age of male and female fetus in women under low-risk prenatal care between the 13th and 40th week of gestation. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 184 pregnant women, at the age of 18 years or more, gestational age ranging from 13 to 40 weeks, with a single fetus. A single TCD measurement by ultrasound was used for each fetus. Correlations between fetal TCD and gestational age were determined for the whole sample and each gender separately. We identified 102 males and 82 female fetuses. A linear correlation was observed between fetal TCD and gestational age for the whole sample (r = 96.9%; p < 0.001). A significant linear correlation was also observed for both males (r = 97.0%; p < 0.001) and females (r = 96.9%; p < 0.001). Comparing the regression lines between genders, no significant difference was observed. The data of this study suggest TCD fetal ultrasound as a predictive biometric parameter of gestational age independently of fetal gender in the last two trimesters of a pregnancy.