Compost Fertilizer Research Articles

The Evaluation of Compost Maturity and Ammonium Toxicity Using Different Plant Species in a Germination Test

The determination of the maturity of compost and other organic fertilizers is very important because of possible phytotoxic or phytostimulating effects. The maturity of compost can be assessed on the basis of chemical analyses, and a germination test with different test plants is most often used to determine phytotoxicity. In this research, the maturity of compost produced from the plant residues subsequent to the maintenance of green public areas was assessed using the results of chemical analyses. Simultaneously, a germination test was carried out with the four test plant species (cucumber, garden cress, triticale, and barley) to determine the phytotoxicity of compost extract in a ratio of 1:2.5 v/v (1:3.3 w/v) and 1:10 v/v (1:13.3 w/v) and the three ammonium N solutions (in the concentrations of 200, 400, and 600 mg/L NH4-N). According to the chemical properties of compost (primarily the C/N, NH4-N/NO3-N ratios, and the NH4-N concentration) and the germination test with cucumber and garden cress, we may conclude that the tested compost was mature and that we did not expect a phytotoxic effect. The choice of a plant is very significant because the germination test with a compost extract demonstrated an undoubted phytostimulating effect on the garden cress and cucumber, with a more pronounced phytostimulating effect of the 1:10 than that of the 1:2.5 v/v compost extract. No such effect was detected on the monocotyledonous test plants triticale and barley since the 1:10 v/v extract had no significant effect, and the 1:2.5 v/v extract had a phytotoxic effect, moderate on the triticale and high on barley. The conclusion is that garden cress and cucumber are suitable test plants for the determination of compost’s phytostimulative effect, but they are not suitable for the determination of phytotoxicity for monocotyledonous plants, especially if the cause of phytotoxicity is a non-ammonium component. Barley is the most suitable species for the determination of compost’s non-ammonium phytotoxicity and nitrogen’s ammonium-form phytostimulative or phytotoxic effect. It would be very useful to conduct a comparative germination test with the compost extracts in the ratios 1:2.5 and 1:10, whereby the 1:2.5 extract would be used as a test of phytotoxicity, and the 1:10 extract for the test of a phytostimulating effect.

Effect of biochar on the co-conversion of carbon-nitrogen and humification of kitchen waste composting process

Composting was an effective technique to treat kitchen waste into high-quality fertilizer or soil amendment. During the composting process of kitchen waste, different degradation rates of carbon and nitrogen resulted in carbon loss, nitrogen emission and low product quality. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms and effects of biochar (5%, 10% and 15%) on synergistic conversion of nitrogen and carbon and humification processes in kitchen waste composting. The findings revealed that the addition of 10% and 15% biochar prolonged the thermophilic phase (>55°C) by a minimum of three days compared to CK. Additionally, the final NH4+-N concentration in the 10% and 15% treatment groups exhibited a 66.7% reduction in comparison to the control. Besides, the 15% addition proved more efficacious in reducing the NH4+-N content. The increase in biochar facilitates the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen and influences the structure of the microbial community, especially Bacteroides and Pseudoxanthomonas, thus promoting nitrogen mineralisation and humification, which provides energy and carbon for the survival and metabolism of more microorganisms. The compost with 15% biochar exhibited higher levels of SBR1031, resulting in a 73.8% increase in the conversion of nitrogen to NO3--N compared to the control. The aforementioned behaviour facilitates a synergistic conversion of nitrogen and carbon. Therefore, the addition of biochar promotes synergistic carbon and nitrogen transformations in terms of nitrogen conservation, organic matter decomposition, microbial species and their interactions, which is essential for the production of value-added compost fertilizers.

Cultivation and Potential for Biomass Production for Energy and Seed Purposes of Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv.) Under Sandy Soil and Temperate Climate Conditions

An experiment was conducted to analyse the potential for obtaining biomass for energy purposes and tall wheatgrass (TWG) seeds grown under conditions of varying pre-sowing fertilisation with compost and mineral fertilisation with nitrogen on sandy soils. Field trials were conducted between 2012 and 2015. The study factors were compost from municipal green areas with I-doses of 0, 10 and 20 Mg∙ha−1 added before sowing and nitrogen II-doses of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg∙ha−1 added each year in the form of ammonium nitrate. During the experiment conducted on sandy soils, a favourable effect of fertilisation on the morphological parameters of above-ground vegetative and generative parts was found. The experiment resulted in high dry matter yields (DMYs) in the range of 9.08–31.38 Mg∙ha−1 and high seed yields (SYs) (635 kg∙ha−1 to as much as 2397 kg∙ha−1), which depended on the applied fertilisation variant. The applied levels of compost fertilisation had a positive effect on the obtained dry matter yields (DMYs) and SY. Analysing the effect of the applied doses of mineral nitrogen fertilisation (40, 80 and 120 kg∙ha−1) on the dry matter yield of TWG under sandy soil conditions, it should be noted that this factor significantly increased the DMY and SY in all years of the study. At the same time, the response of plants to this factor of the study over the years varied and depended on weather conditions. The high energy yield (192.50 GJ∙ha−1–408.93 GJ∙ha−1) closely related to the high DMY indicates the high suitability of TWG as a new grass species under temperate climate conditions grown for biomass energy production and the possibility to harvest seeds when adequately cultivated.

Effects of Compost Application of Green Waste on Soil Properties: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: With the accelerating urbanization process, the garden area is gradually expanding, and the production of green waste is also increasing. Composting green waste can not only reduce environmental pollution caused by incineration and landfill and improve the utilization efficiency of resources but also improve the soil and increase soil productivity. The study aims to investigate the comprehensive impact of green waste compost (GWC) application on soil nutrient conditions. Through comprehensive data analysis, the impact of compost application of green waste on soil properties was revealed as a reference for compost application and fertilizer reduction. Methods: Based on meta-analysis, we quantitatively investigated the response of soil properties to the application of green waste, collected published experimental data, and integrated 25 domestic and international literature to analyze the effects of different soil properties on soil nutrients. Literature was used to analyze the impact of different application rates of GWC on the physicochemical properties of soils with varying pH levels. The results were compared to control conditions with no GWC application. Results: The application of significantly improved soil quality by reducing soil bulk density and increasing the levels of soil organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and dehydrogenase activity. The increases in available potassium and soil organic carbon were consistently significant across all subgroups. However, the effects on available phosphorus and organic matter varied in significance depending on initial soil pH. Soil bulk density was influenced by the GWC content, while dehydrogenase activity showed significant effects only when initial soil pH was ≥8. Total nitrogen levels were significantly impacted by GWC application in soil with an initial pH of <8 and at GWC contents of ≥50%. Conclusion: The application of green waste compost demonstrates a positive effect on soil improvement. This study provides a comprehensive database that supports the use of GWC in enhancing soil quality and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

Exploring compost production potential and its economic benefits and greenhouse gas mitigation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The increasing amount of municipal organic waste (MOW) and human excreta (HE) has led to socio-economic and environmental challenges in the cities of developing countries. This study estimated MOW and HE, compost production potential from MOW and HE, and compost application potential for urban agriculture fertilization, economic benefits, soil carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, for the period 2025–2050. MOW was forecasted using the Holt-Winters forecasting model. HE was estimated using the daily average rate of HE generation. The compost production potential was estimated using the forecasted MOW and HE. Compost fertilization was determined by considering compost nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and the fertilizer requirements of cereals and vegetables. The economic benefits of compost were determined by considering the price of compost-equivalent urea, NPS, and potassium chloride fertilizers. The mitigation of GHG emissions from compost application was estimated using the IPCC Tier 1 method. The forecasted quantities of MOW, HE, and compost for 2050 are 301, 462, and 343 Gg, respectively. The compost could supply 5 Gg of N and 2.2 Gg of P in 2050, sufficient to fertilize 14,129 ha of vegetable fields. The economic benefits of using compost as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers could reach 10 million USD in 2050. Compost production and application could offset the total GHG emissions of Addis Ababa by 13.1 % (10,241Gg CO2-eq year−1) in 2050. The application of compost generated from MOW and HE in Addis Ababa can substitute synthetic fertilizers, provide economic benefits, and mitigate GHG emissions.

Rejuvenation of Coastal Sandy Soils through Organics

The coastal zone represents the transition from terrestrial to marine influences and vice versa. They are predominated by sandy soil texture, and have low agricultural productivity due to their properties and are vulnerable to erosion. Effective maintenance of soil organic matter is found to be a pre-requisite to ensure soil health and crop productivity. Therefore, organics based rejuvenation methods for coastal sandy soils need to be developed. A pot culture experiment was done at Kochuveli, Industrial area, in the coastal belt of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, with Amaranthus (variety: Arun) as test crop. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications. In the study, effect of different organic manures such as FYM, coirpith compost, vermicompost, city compost, biochar and thermochemical organic fertilizer (TOF), with and without lime on plant growth and yield, soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamics in the southern coastal sandy soils were studied. Soil management using organic manures had considerable impact on the growth and yield characteristics of the crop. Also the analyses of post-harvest soil for nutrient parameters showed that the highest value for organic carbon, nitrogen and potassium were recorded in soil treated with lime+TOF, while the highest value for available phosphorous was recorded in treatment lime+vermicompost. The study showed that soil test based lime application and basal application of TOF @ 25 t ha-1, top dressing with fresh cow dung slurry @ 1kg per 10 litres, along with 272.7 kg rock phosphate and 122.5 kg potassium sulphate ha-1 was the best treatment to improve the soil quality, growth and yield of amaranthus in coastal sandy soils in Thiruvananthapuram district.

Enhanced tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield and soil biological properties through integrated use of soil, compost, and foliar fertilization under greenhouse conditions

This study investigates the combined effects of standard soil fertilization, composted animal manure, and foliar fertilization on tomato yield, soil nutrient content, and soil biological properties under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted from March to October 2023 using a completely randomized block design with four replications. The treatments included: 1) Control (no fertilization), 2) Standard soil fertilization (30 kg N/da, 8 kg P2O5/da, 40 kg K2O/da), 3) Standard soil fertilization + composted animal manure (2 t/da), 4) Standard soil fertilization + foliar fertilization (1 kg 17-17-17/100 liters of water every 20 days), and 5) Standard soil fertilization + compost + foliar fertilization. Tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Roma) were transplanted into pots filled with clay soil. Throughout the experiment, soil moisture content was maintained at field capacity. Plants were harvested on October 30, 2023, and data on fruit yield, soil nutrient content (NPK), and soil biological properties (microbial biomass C, CO2 production, and dehydrogenase enzyme activity) were recorded. The highest yield (4.5 kg/plant) was observed in the treatment combining standard soil fertilization, composted animal manure, and foliar fertilization, representing a 275% increase compared to the control (1.2 kg/plant). The standard soil fertilization treatment alone yielded 2.8 kg/plant (133.3% increase), while the combination with composted animal manure yielded 3.5 kg/plant (191.7% increase), and with foliar fertilization, 3.9 kg/plant (225% increase). Soil analyses showed significant increases in available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the combined treatments. The highest biological properties were also recorded in the combined treatment.

Effect of Integrated Application of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District of East Showa Zone, Ethiopia

A field experiment was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center during 2022 cropping season to evaluate the responses of vermin compost and inorganic fertilizers on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). The experiment consists of eight treatments: T1= Control (without fertilizer), T2=50% RNP+4t/ha VC, T3= 50% RNP+ 8t/ha VC, T4=100% RNP, T5= 4t/ha VC, T6= 8t/ha VC, T7= 100% RNP+ 4t/ha VC, T8=100% RNP+8t/ha VC. The result revealed that grain yield affected by combined application of these two fertilizes. There are gradual changes in some major soil parameters have statistically affected by combined application of vermin compost and inorganic fertilizer. Accordingly maximum grain yield (4596.3kg/ha) was recorded from T2 where 50% recommended NP+4t/ha VC where as the lowest grain yield (2109.3kg/ka) was from control plot. Lastly partial budget analysis was also calculated to determine best treatment combination for future farther use. Accordingly maximum net benefit (155,870.50ETB) was obtained from T2 where 50% recommended NP+4t/ha VC was combined. Therefore this treatment was used as best treatment combination for this area, for this crop, it needed for large scale soil fertility management and increasing land productivity.

Analysis of C/N Ratio Content in Market Waste Compost Fertilizer

Analysis of C/N Ratio Content in Market Waste Compost Fertilizer

Long-term biochar and soil organic carbon stability – Evidence from field experiments in Germany

Organic soil amendments (OSA) with long residence times, such as biochar, have a high potential for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The highly aromatic structure of biochar reduces microbial decomposition and explains the slow turnover of biochar, indicating long persistence in soils and thus potential SOC sequestration. However, there is a lack of data on biochar-induced SOC sequestration in the long-term and under field conditions. We sampled two long-term field experiments in Germany, where biochar was applied 12 and 14 years ago. Both locations differ in soil characteristics and in the types and amounts of biochar and other OSA. Amendments containing compost and 31.5 Mg ha−1 of biochar on a loamy soil led to a SOC stock increase of 38 Mg ha−1 after OSA addition. The additional increase is due to non-biochar co-amendments such as compost or biogas digestate. After eleven years, this SOC stock increase was still stable. High biochar amount additions of 40 Mg ha−1 combined with biogas digestate, compost or synthetic fertilizer on a sandy soil led to an increase of SOC stocks of 61 Mg ha−1; 38 Mg ha−1 dissipated in the following four years most likely due to lacking physical protection of the coarse soil material, and after nine years the biochar-amended soils showed only slightly higher SOC stocks (+7 Mg ha−1) than the control. Black carbon stocks on the same soil increased in the short- and mid-term and decreased almost to the original stock levels after nine years. Our results indicate that in most cases the long-term effect on SOC and black carbon stocks is controlled by biochar quality and amount, while non-biochar co-amendments can be neglected. This study proves that SOC sequestration through the use of biochar is possible, especially in loamy soils, while non-biochar OSA cannot sequester SOC in the long term.

Characteristics of Production Factors and Production of Zero Tillage System Rice Farming

Zero tillage system is able to prepare the land for plants to grow and produce well by paying attention to the ecological balance of the environment, especially water and soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of production factors and production characteristics of rice paddy farming with no-tillage system. This research used descriptive method, conducted in Taram village, Harau sub-district. Sample determination using snowball sampling method, with a total sample of 50 farmers. Data collection by interview using questionnaires for primary data and documentation method for secondary data. Data analysis used qualitative descriptive analysis with a triangulation approach. The results showed the characteristics of production factors include: paddy field area 0.25 - 2.0 ha, seed requirement 8 - 60 kg/acre, compost fertiliser 0.25 - 2 tonnes/acre, Urea fertiliser 25 - 200 kg, NPK Phonska fertiliser 25 - 200 kg, herbicide 1 - 3 litres, insecticide 1 - 2 litres, labour consists of labour within the family and labour outside the family, including: Labour and female labour, and capital consists of cash, hoes, and knapsack sprayers. The amount of farm labour can be reduced by up to 145%, especially in land preparation activities, because there is no tillage and only spraying of residual rice stalks and weeds. Rice production characteristics: Total production of 800 - 6,200 Kg/acre, with an average of 2,262.80 Kg. The selling price of rice production was IDR 7,500/kg - IDR 7,800/kg, with an average of IDR 7,710/Kg.

Effect of Rice Straw Compost and NPKMg Fertiliser Treatment on Growth of Sugar Palm [Arenga pinnata merr] Age 12 Months

Effect of Rice Straw Compost and NPKMg Fertiliser Treatment on Growth of Sugar Palm [Arenga pinnata merr] Age 12 Months

Kajian Hukum terhadap Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Berbasis Limbah Pasar untuk Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos

This journal looks at the legal concerns of managing natural resources by producing compost using a market-based method based on garbage. This study's primary goal is to evaluate the efficacy and compliance of the legal requirements controlling the use of market trash as a raw material for compost fertilizer. The study's findings indicate that there are several pertinent laws that offer a legal framework for market waste management, including the Environmental Law and government waste management rules. However, there are obstacles to the law's implementation and enforcement, such as a lack of knowledge among business actors and oversight flaws. To ensure sustainability and efficiency in managing market waste as a resource for making compost, this study also found that, despite the existence of existing regulations, regulatory updates and harmonization are still required. To maximize the environmental and economic benefits of market waste management, this research recommends improvements in regulations and law enforcement, as well as increased education and training for business actors.The results of the study indicate that the utilization of market waste for making compost has great potential in supporting organic farming and reducing the volume of waste that ends up in landfills. However, the implementation of this program requires a deep understanding of applicable regulations, as well as support from the government and the community. This article concludes that comprehensive legal-based waste management can improve the efficiency and sustainability of natural resource management, as well as have a positive impact on community welfare.

Growth Response of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in several Combinations of Planting Media and Trichoderma sp. as Biological Fertilizer

Indonesia is the third largest cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) producing country in the world. In 2019 cocoa production in Lampung was 58,852 tons with a plantation area of 79,356 ha, in 2020 it was 58,623 tons with an area of 79,469 ha and in 2021 58,414 tons with an area of 77,174 ha. One of the reasons for this decline in production is plant pest organisms (OPT), namely fruit rot disease caused by the pathogen Pytophthora palmivora. Use of Trichoderma sp. can increase plant resistance and growth and act as a biological controller outside and inside the soil. The research was carried out on the grounds of the Lampung State Polytechnic from August to November 2023. This research aims to determine the effect of planting media and administration of Trichoderma sp. on the growth of cocoa seedlings. The method used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments and 4 replications so that there were 16 experimental units. Treatment P0 consisted of: Top Soil (Control), P1 Top Soil + Compost Fertilizer (2:1), P2 Top Soil + Trichoderma sp. (50:1), P3 Top Soil + Compost + Trichoderma sp. (50:25:1). The results of the research on treatments P3, P2 and P1 affected plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. The P3 treatment showed the best results for the variables plant height 39.50 cm, number of leaves 21.58 and leaf area 37.79 cm2. Treatment P2 showed the best results for the stem diameter variable of 0.66 cm.

Efficient elimination of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in hyperthermophilic sludge composting

Composting is widely applied in recycling ever-increasing sewage sludge. However, the insufficient elimination of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in conventional compost fertilizer poses considerable threat to agriculture safety and human health. Here we investigated the efficacy and potential mechanisms in the removal of antibiotics and ARGs from sludge in hyperthermophilic composting (HTC) plant. Our results demonstrated that the HTC product was of high maturity. HTC led to complete elimination of antibiotics and potential pathogens, as well as removal of 98.8 % of ARGs and 88.1 % of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The enrichment of antibiotic-degrading candidates and related metabolic functions during HTC suggested that biodegradation played a crucial role in antibiotic removal. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that the reduction of ARGs was attributed to the decline of ARG-associated bacteria, mainly due to the high-temperature selection. These findings highlight the feasibility of HTC in sludge recycling and provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism in simultaneous removal of antibiotics and ARGs.

Optimizing type, date, and dose of compost fertilization of organic cotton under climate change in Mali: A modeling study.

Adapting organic farming to climate change is a major issue. Cotton yields in Mali are declining due to deteriorating climatic conditions, soil fertility, and poor management. This study aimed to improve organic cotton yield in Mali in the future climate with the optimal choice of compost type, date, and dose of application. Experimental data collected in 2021 from the Sotuba research station in Mali was used for calibration and evaluation of the crop model DSSAT CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton model using phenology, leaf area index, and seed cotton yield. Climate data from the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios of the GFDL-ESM2M model were used for future weather datasets for 2020-2039, 2040-2059, and 2060-2079. The model was able to simulate anthesis and maturity with excellent results, with nRMSE < 4%, and seed cotton yields moderately well, an nRMSE of 26% during calibration and 20.3% in evaluation. The scenario RCP8.5 from 2060 to 2079 gave the best seed cotton yields. Seed cotton yields with RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were all better with the mid-May application period of small ruminant silo compost at 7.5 t/ha. In such conditions, more than 75% of the cases would produce more than 2000 kg/ha of seed cotton.

Co-amendment of dicyandiamide with waste carbonization products into composting: Enhanced fertility, reduced gas emission and increased economic benefits

Dicyandiamide (DCD) could reduce composting nitrogen (N) losses, but the decomposes at high temperatures limited its efficacy, which might be mitigated by co-application with biochar (BC) and wood vinegar (WV). Our study revealed that DCD alone or co-applied with BC and WV did not reduce N2O emissions during the composting of chicken manure and wheat straw. However, it significantly decreased NH3 and CH4 emissions by 22.6–45.6% and 53.8–85.6%, respectively, equivalent to a 24.1–44.8% reduction in GWP compared to the control. Furthermore, the combined use of DCD with BC and WV enhanced total N content by 5.6–36.6%, increased the compost accumulation temperature by 3.8–6.1%. DCD alone addition increased the compost dissolved organic matter (DOM) content by 12.2%, and when coupled with BC and WV, it enhances the biological index value to promote new DOM generation. DCD combined with BC could increase the final humus content of compost, thereby enhancing its quality, which approach also produced greater economic benefits (266.3 CNY t−1), compared to conventional composting. In conclusion, co-application of DCD with BC and WV in composting not only reduces the emission of NH3, N2O and CH4, but also increases the compost fertility and provides more economic benefits.

Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Pupuk Semi Organik Bagi Siswa Jurusan Agribisnis Tanaman Perkebunan SMKN 1 Kuok

In 2023, Riau's oil palm plantation area with cultivation status will reach 3.5 million hectares with palm oil production reaching 9.06 million tons (Ministry of Agriculture, 2023). This figure makes Riau Province the largest palm oil center province in Indonesia. As the area of oil palm plantations increases, palm oil waste will be produced consisting of empty bunches, fronds, shells and fiber. This palm oil waste can pollute the environment in water and soil and can also threaten biodiversity. One use of palm oil waste is compost. Organic fertilizer (compost) is the final and/or intermediate result of changes or decomposition of plant and animal parts and remains, for example cake, guano, bone meal, livestock waste and so on (Ege et al., 2018). The objectives of this PKM are given to students of SMKN 1 Kuok, namely 1) providing early knowledge about the use of palm oil waste, 2) understanding how to make compost from palm oil waste, and 3) socializing the facilities and infrastructure available at Kampar Polytechnic . Large land and facilities for making compost fertilizer are not available in the ATP department of SMKN 1 Kuok. So with this training in making compost fertilizer, we can overcome the problem of places and practicum areas that are not available at SMKN 1 Kuok.

Soil properties improvement and nitrogen leaching induced compost and mineral fertilization for maximizing grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt

Soil properties improvement and nitrogen leaching induced compost and mineral fertilization for maximizing grapevines production in arid regions, El-Minia, Egypt

Root parameters and water productivity of rice and wheat in a rice‒wheat cropping system as influenced by enriched compost and crop establishment methods

Food security worldwide is largely dependent on the rice–wheat cropping sequence (RWCS) Hence, a field study was carried out during 2018–19 and 2019–20 at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, to determine the effect of various enriched organic sources and crop establishment methods on the root parameters, water productivity and yield of rice, its carryover effect on the succeeding wheat crop and the overall efficiency of system. A split plot design was used which involved two main plot treatments, viz., aerobic rice (AR) and conventional transplanted (CT) rice, and five subplot treatments, viz., T1: control (without fertilizer), T2: 100 % RDF (100 % fertilization by using inorganic sources), T3: 50 % phosphorus was applied by using P-enriched compost + 50 % P was applied by using DAP, T4: 50 % N was applied by using N-enriched compost + 50 % nitrogen was applied by using DAP and urea, and T5: 100 % organic fertilizer was applied (100 % fertilization by using N-enriched compost and P-enriched compost). After rice, wheat was grown in all the plots under uniform management practices. Among the nutrient sources, T4 had greater effects on root activity, system economic water productivity and system water productivity than did the other treatments. CT rice can be recommended under irrigated conditions with the integration of enriched compost and inorganic fertilizers. However, under rainfed conditions with less available water, aerobic rice can also be produced by combining enriched compost and inorganic fertilizer.