Ferrous Ion Chelating Activity Research Articles

Extraction, preliminary characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Oudemansiella radicata mushroom

Oudemansiella radicata mushroom has many functions. Optimal condition of extracting its polysaccharides (ORP) with a yield of 5.85 ± 0.13% were determined by using RSM: extraction temperature 84 °C, extraction time 2.3 h and ratio of water to raw material 20.0 mL/g. ORP-1, ORP-2 and ORP-3 were further obtained by chromatography with an average molecular of 13,921 Da, 14,942 Da and 10,209 Da, respectively. ORP-1 is mainly composed of mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose and xylose in a ratio of 2.46:2.63:3.89:3.22:2.78; ORP-2 is mainly composed of ribose, glucose and xylose in a ratio of 2.63:3.38:2.65; ORP-3 is mainly composed of glucose, xylose in a ratio of 3.38: 2.65. ORP exhibits relatively strong in vitro antioxidant activity. Except crude ORP, ORP-1 has the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ORP-3 shows the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating activity, while the three fractions have no significance in scavenging radical superoxide anion.

Chemical Characteristics and In vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Premna serratifolia L. Leaf Infusion and Decoction

Introduction: Leaves of Premna serratifolia L. (local name: arogo) is well known as food ingredient for fish/meat-based soup in Tentena, Indonesia. Evaluation of its bioactivities is needed. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of infusion and decoction of P. serratifolia leaves. Methods: The leaf samples were prepared by infusion and decoction and analysed for their α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities, as well as total phenolic contents and LC-MS profiles. Results: The total phenolic content of the decoction was higher than the infusion. The UV spectra of both infusion and decoction showed peak at 325 nm and shoulder at 285 nm. Their LC-MS yielded one dominant component at 132 (100) m/z fragment, which was tentatively identified as caffeic acid. Both infusion and decoction extracts exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 of 4.27 and 0.046 μg GAE/ml, respectively. The IC50 for DPPH scavenging activity of the infusion and decoction were similar; 6.82 and 7.28 μg GAE/ml, respectively. But the IC50 of the infusion and decoction for ferrous ion chelating activities were different; 161.66 and 28.34 μg GAE/ ml, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities were related to the phenolic content. Conclusion: The study concludes that both infusion and decoction of arogo leaves have antidiabetic effect and potential antioxidant activity. The decoction of the leaves may increase its antidiabetic capacity.

In-vitro and in-vivo Antioxidant Activity of the Butanolic Extract from the Stem of Ephedra alte

Previous studies indicated that the extracts from different Ephedra species have antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. However, none of the published report described the phytochemical components and the antioxidant capacities of Ephedra alte belonging to the family Ephedraceae. To evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activities of the butanolic extract from stems of Ephedra alte from northern Jordan. Graded concentrations of butanolic extracts from stems of E. alte plant were subjected to four different in-vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, ferrous ion chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities). The in-vivo effects of two different doses of the extract (200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, orally for 12 days) on the activities of serum and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in mice. Strong in-vitro antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner were recorded. As well, significant increases in both liver and serum CAT enzyme activity and in serum SOD activity were observed in mice treated for 12 days with the extract. These results suggested that the butanolic extract from stems of exhibited significant in-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant activities, supporting the use of E. alte as an important source of natural antioxidants.

Novel Phthalocyanines Containing Guaiacol Azo Dyes: Synhthesis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity

In an attempt to understand the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of phthalocyanines containing azo dye, new metallophthalocyanines (M: Mn, Co, Zn) substituted with guaiacol azo dyes are described. The high DPPH scavenging and ferrous ion chelating activity are obtained from almost all compounds. All compounds exhibit a poor antibacterial activity against the studied bacteria. Cytotoxicity, apoptotic and necrotic effects are examined on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and fibroblast cells. It is determined that methoxy groups at newly synthesized compounds increase the antioxidant property but decrease other antibacterial and anticancer properties.

Isolation and identification of novel antioxidant and antimicrobial oligopeptides from enzymatically hydrolyzed anchovy fish meal

Abstract Natural Antioxidants and antimicrobials are preferred to prolong food shelf life, therefore we isolated and identified novel natural antioxidant and antimicrobial oligopeptides from anchovy fish meal hydrolysate. Firstly, the oligopeptide mixture was prepared by two-step hydrolysis using alkaline and neutral proteases step by step for enriching oligopeptides. Then, four novel oligopeptide fractions were purified using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography, and their sequences were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the fractions were evaluated. Thr-Pro-Ser-Ala-Gly-Lys exhibited the highest hydroxyl scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, ferrous ion chelating activity as well as Escherichia coli growth inhibition. Thr-Pro-Ser-Asn-Leu-Gly-Gly-Lys showed the highest superoxide scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, and Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition. Leu-Glu and Leu-Glu-Glu displayed similarly high inhibition activity on 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Almost no suppression effects on Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans growth were observed for all isolated fractions. These results indicate that the oligopeptide mixture derived from anchovy fish meal could serve as a suitable source of antioxidant and antimicrobial oligopeptides.

Changes in Nutrient Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Different Fish Soups, Before and After Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.

Different kinds of freshwater fish soups show a diverse range of health functions, due to their different nutritional substances and corresponding bioactivities. In the current study, in order to learn the theoretical basis of the potential role fish soup plays in diet therapy functions, the changes of nutrient profiles and antioxidant activities in crucian carp soup and snakehead soup (before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion) were investigated, such as chemical composition, free amino acids, mineral and fatty acid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating activity, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity and the reducing power effect. Results show that the content of mineral elements in snakehead fish soup was significantly higher than that of crucian carp soup, especially for the contents of Ca, Zn, Fe. The content of total amino acid (TAA) of crucian carp soup (82.51 mg/100 mL) was much higher than that of snakehead fish soup (47.54 mg/100 mL) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of crucian carp soup was stronger than that of snakehead soup. The intensive profiles of nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of these two kinds of fish soups were expected to partly provide the theoretical basis of therapeutic effects.

In Vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extract from the Leaf and Fruit of Psidium guajava L.

BACKGROUND: The leaf and fruit of Psidium guajava L. are potential for neutraceutical beverage especially for antidiabetic drink. The aims of this study were to determine the antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of leaf (LE) and fruit (FE) from P. guajava.METHODS: Both extracts were investigated for their inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity in vitro. Their antioxidant activities were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating, reducing power and phosphomolybdate methods.RESULTS: The IC50 of LE, FEandacarbose as a positive control were 5.67, 428.00 and 823.99 μg/mL, respectively. The enzyme kinetic analysis indicated that LE inhibited α-glucosidase in a competitive inhibition type, similar to that of acarbose. Both extracts showed antioxidant activities, with LE showed stronger activities than FE in all methods. In DPPH method, IC50 of LE and FE were 74.77 and 843.84 μg/mL respectively, compared to 53.24 and 21.36 μg/mL for reference antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (AA), respectively. In ferrous ion chelating activity, the IC50 were 147.07 and 2105.05 μg/mL for LE and FE, whereas ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a control sample was 66.50 μg/mL. In reducing power and phosphomolybdate methods, at different concentrations, the activities of LE, FE, and standard compounds showed the following order: AA &gt; BHT &gt; LE &gt; FE.CONCLUSION: LE from P. guajava exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. In addition, LE had better antioxidant acivities than FE. This study can recommend the aqueous extract from P. guajava as a promising candidate for neutraceutical drink for prediabetic and diabetic patients.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, aqueous extract, α-glucosidase inhibition, guava, Psidium guajava L.

Seasonal Variability of the Biochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fucus spiralis at Two Azorean Islands.

This study evaluates, for the first time, the seasonal (winter and summer) and geographical (São Miguel–SMG and Santa Maria–SMA Islands) variability of Fucus spiralis (Fs) biochemical composition (dry weight basis) and antioxidant properties. Protein and carbohydrates presented higher values in Fs-SMGwinter, lipids, total dietary fiber, and energy value in Fs-SMAsummer, and ash and soluble dietary fiber/insoluble dietary fiber ratio in Fs-SMAwinter. The fatty acid (FA) profiles showed a lower SFA in Fs-SMGsummer, whereas MUFA and PUFA presented higher values in Fs-SMGsummer and Fs-SMGwinter, respectively. Excellent dietary ratios of n6/n3 PUFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic FA were found, with lower values in Fs-SMAwinter and higher in Fs-SMGsummer, respectively. The highest total phenolics was found in Fs-SMAsummer acetone:water extract and total flavonoids showed the higher value in Fs-SMGwinter methanol extract. The best free radical-scavenging activity was observed in the Fs-SMAwinter methanol (EC50 = 0.045 mg/mL) and acetone:water (EC50 = 0.059 mg/mL) extracts. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power showed the best results in Fs-SMAwinter methanol extract (EC50 = 0.016 mg/mL) and Fs-SMAsummer acetone:water extract (EC50 = 0.017 mg/mL). The best ferrous ion-chelating activity was found in Fs-SMGwinter acetone:water extract. Overall, results revealed that F. spiralis nutritional and functional bioactivity values have geographical and seasonal variations and that its regular consumption may add benefits to human health.

COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NATURAL AND CULTURED OPHIOCORDYCEPS SINENSIS

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a high valued therapeutic fungus endemic to the alpine ecosystems of theTibetan Plateau and surrounding Himalayas at an altitude of 3000–5000 msl. This fungus is widelyused as an excellent performance enhancer in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The objective ofthis work was to determine and compare the antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of natural andin vitro cultured mycelium of O. sinensis. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was assessedusing 2, 2-Diphenyl-1- pikrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radicaleliminating ability, ferrous ion chelating activity and 2, 2’- azino-bis- [3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assay. The methanolic extract of in vitro cultured O.sinensis showed enhanced antioxidant potential than the natural samples. The IC50 value of naturaland in vitro cultured samples were 2.98 mg/ml and 2.81 mg/ml against DPPH, 3.28 mg/ml and 2.95mg/ml against Hydroxyl radical and 4.94 mg/ml and 4.65 mg/ml against ABTS free radicalsrespectively. Both natural and cultured sample extract showed 81% and 86 % iron chelating activity at1.6 mg/ml concentration. The results obtained herein allow one to conclude that in vitro cultured O.sinensis can be used as a good source of antioxidants as compared to natural one. Further, the betterantioxidant activity suggests its role in preventing disorders like cancer, necrosis and aging, inducedby reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Evaluation and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Leaves, Pericarps and Pulps of Three Garcinia Species in Malaysia Yik-Ling Chew, and Yau-Yan Lim

Background: Garcinia genus plants are a group of well-known fruit trees in Malaysia.The botanical parts of the trees are used for medicinal purposes, where they are prepared as decoction, pastes for wound infections, and some have been consumed as food. Objectives: This paper focused on the assessment of antioxidant potential of three selected Garcinia species commonly used in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Fresh plant materials were extracted using maceration, and various antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. In vitro antioxidant properties studied were total phenolic and anthocyanin content, free radical scavenging (FRS), ferric reducing power (FRP) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activities. Results: G. mangostana leaves and pericarps were found to consist of the highest TPC, FRS and FRP activities, followed by G. hombroniana and G. atroviridis. TAC was found only in G. mangostana pericarps. For fruit pulps, G. hombroniana exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (TPC, FRS and FRP), while G. mangostana had the lowest activities. FIC activity of the Garcinia samples behaved in dose-dependent manner and not correlated with TPC and other antioxidant activities. Conclusion: In general, G. mangostana and G. hombroniana leaves and pericarps exhibited good antioxidant activities, but the antioxidant activities in their fruit pulps were relatively low. G. atroviridis leaves and pericarps generally have lower antioxidant activities than the other species.

Increase in the hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of Panax ginseng and ginsenosides by heat-processing.

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), mainly cultivated in Korea and Northeast China, is processed before use based on its long history of ethnopharmacological evidence. Ginsenosides have been regarded as the main active components responsible for the pharmacological activities of ginseng. Although the Maillard reaction is known as a major source of compounds related to enhanced antioxidant activity by heat treatment in various crude drugs or foods, the chemical and free radical-scavenging activity changes of ginsenosides brought about by the Maillard reaction have not yet been elucidated. This paper gives a review of our recent findings, with emphasis on the hydroxyl radical (•OH)-scavenging activity changes of ginsengs and ginsenosides by heat-processing using an electron spin resonance spectrometer. 20(S)- Rg3 showed the strongest activity, and the next was in the decreasing order of Rb1, Rg1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd. The •OH-scavenging activities of ginsenosides were related to the ferrous metal ion-chelating activities of their aglycone, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. In addition, the ferrous metal ion-chelating activities of ginsenosides were thought to be influenced by their types of hydrophilic sugar moieties. Moreover, Rb1 was changed into 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 by heat-processing, and the sugar moieties at carbon-20 were separated. The generated amount of 20(S)-Rg3 was higher than when Rb1 was heat-processed without amino acids, and a significant increase in Maillard reaction products was noted. Based upon chemical and •OH-scavenging activity tests using Maillard reaction model experiments, the scientific evidence underlying the increase in free radical-scavenging activity of ginseng induced by heat-processing was elucidated.

Antioxidant and anticancer activities of enzymatic eel (monopterus sp) protein hydrolysate as influenced by different molecular weight

Abstract This study aims to investigate the antioxidant and anticancer properties of fractionated eel protein hydrolysate (EPH) as well as qualitatively determine its free fatty acids. The eel flesh was enzymatically hydrolyzed and fractionated through membrane filter (10 kDa, 5 kDa and 3 kDa). The lipid peroxidation assays and mechanisms of antioxidant activity (reducing power, ferrous ion chelating activity and 1, 1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity) of fractionated EPH were determined. The anticancer activity was determined by 3–4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using MCF-7 cell lines. Free fatty acids in eel flesh and EPH were determined using gas chromatography. The results obtained showed that 3 kDa EPH possessed the highest inhibition of lipid peroxidation, reducing power, DPPH scavenging activity and anticancer activity. Moreover, the changes of unsaturated fatty acids during hydrolysis process resulting in more stable hydrolysate towards oxidation. Based on the mechanisms of antioxidant activity conducted, this study found that the EPH had more ability as primary antioxidant than secondary antioxidant.

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antipancreatic lipase activities of fermented Camellia japonica L leaf extracts

Purpose: To investigate the probable antioxidant, antimicrobial and antipancreatic lipase effects of fermented Camellia japonica leaf extracts. Methods: Camellia japonica leaves fermented with Nuruk were extracted using methanol and ethanol. Total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid and L-ascorbic acid contents were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined by free radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating and reducing power assays. Their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli bacteria were evaluated by disc diffusion method. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase was measured based on the hydrolytic reaction of p-nitrophenyl butyrate with pancreatic lipase. Results: The ethanol extracts of fermented Camellia japonica leaves exhibited higher phenolic (32274mg GAE/100 g) and flavonoid (20519 mg RE/100 g) contents with higher superoxide (IC 50 = 0.23 mg/mL), hydrogen peroxide (IC 50 = 0.28 mg/mL) radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating (IC 50 = 0.21 mg/mL) activities than those of methanol. These ethanol extracts also showed higher antimicrobial activities against all bacterial strains tested with higher inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase than methanol extracts. Conclusion: The results highlight the possible use of fermented Camellia japonica leaf extracts as a source of antioxidant, antibacterial and antiobesity agents. Ethanol is recommended as solvent for extracting antioxidants, antibacterial and antiobesity agents from this plant. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activity, Fermented Camellia japonica extracts, Pancreatic lipase inhibition

Changes in antioxidant and biochemical activities in castor oil-coated Capsicum annuum L. during postharvest storage

This study, for the first time, evaluates the efficiency of castor oil when used as an external coating on Capsicum annuum L., to increase postharvest storage-life at 4 ± 1 °C. The castor oil-coated fruits were successfully stored for 36 days, while the non-coated fruits could only sustain for 18 days. Throughout the storage period (at 9-day intervals), different antioxidants and biochemical assays (allied with storage) such as titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, ferrous ion chelating activity, reducing power, DPPH scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total sugar estimation, and enzymatic study of polyphenol oxidase and pectate lyase, were assessed. During storage, the castor oil-coated fruits showed a substantial decrease in titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, including antioxidant activities such as reducing power and DPPH activity; however, an increase in ferrous ion chelating activity, total soluble sugar content, polyphenol oxidase activity and initial pectate lyase activity was observed, in contrast to that of the non-coated fruits. The application of castor oil proved to be effective in delaying the ripening process of fruits during storage.

Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of new di- and polyamine caffeine analogues

A series of new di- and polyamine-caffeine analogues were synthesised and characterised by NMR, FT-IR, and MS spectroscopic methods. To access the stability of the investigated caffeine analogues, molecular dynamic simulations were performed in NAMD 2.9 assuming CHARMM36 force field. To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of new compounds, three different antioxidant assays were used, namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity, ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity, and Fe3+→Fe2+reducing ability. In vitro, the ability of new derivatives to protect human erythrocytes against oxidative haemolysis induced by free radical from 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was estimated. The cytotoxic activity was tested using MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human erythrocytes. All compounds showed the antioxidant capacity depending mostly on their ferrous ions chelating activity. In the presence of AAPH, some derivatives were able to effectively inhibit the oxidative haemolysis. Two derivatives, namely 8-(methyl(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-amino)caffeine and 8-(methyl(3-(methylamino)propyl)amino)caffeine, showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells but not against human erythrocytes. Therefore, it is concluded that the selected di- and polyamine caffeine analogues, depending on their chemical structure, were able to minimise the oxidative stress and to inhibit the tumour cell growth. The confirmed antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of some caffeine derivatives make them attractive for potential applications in food or pharmaceutical industries.

Utilization of Cuttlefish Liver Waste for Oil Production: Evaluation of Quality Characteristics and Biological Activity

The ash, moisture, protein and carbohydrate content of the extracted oil were estimated as 4, 7, 4 and 1% respectively. The Vitamins A and E was found to be 59.14 and 17.4 mg/100 g. Nine fatty acids were found and the Linoleic acid, DHA and EPA were recorded as higher. The specific gravity, solidification point, refractive index, saponification value, iodine value and acid value were also calculated and found as 1.056, 1.2 °C, 1.465 µ, 50.5, 20.4 mg and 0.075 mg KOH/g. The antioxidant activity that includes total antioxidant activity, DPPH & Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity of liver oil was studied by following standard methods and results of all the assays was found increasing with increase in concentration. Further purification of liver oil and studying its antioxidant property in animal model shall form the basis for its use as a potent alternate natural antioxidant and nutrition supplements.

Investigation of the potential use of Lactobacillus gasseri originated from human breast milk as food additive

Five Lactobacillus gasseri MA strains originated from human breast milk were investigated for their potential applications in food industry. The antimicrobial activities of MA strains against various human pathogenic microorganisms revealed that the inhibition zones values were in the range of 1.87–14.29 mm for fifteen human food-borne pathogens and 3.25–4.80 mm for two Candida strains. Among L. gasseri strains, the highest antioxidant activity was recorded for MA-5 strain with 54.93% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 26.88% ferrous ion chelating activities. The anti-cholesterol abilities of five L. gasseri strains vary from 23.67 to 88.94%. The strains were also evaluated for sensitivity to different nisin concentrations (1.25–150 μg/mL). L. gasseri MA strains with nisin resistance, antimicrobial and antioxidant, anti-cholesterol and lichenase activities are suitable candidates for potential applications in areas such as dietary supplements, making alcoholic beverages and natural food additives as alternative to synthetic preservatives.

Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory of wild Mentha species from northeastern Algeria

The aim of this work is to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of six wild Algerian Mentha species (M. aquatica, M. arvensis, M. x piperita, M. pulegium, M. rotundifolia and M. x villosa), collected from the National Park of El-Kala. Chemical composition was analyzed by GC‐MS, the DPPH, β-carotene bleaching and ion chelating assays were carried to assess the antioxidant activity, the Ellman method were used to determine the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Essential oil yields and compositions varied among species. The highest yield of oils (1.8%) recorded for M. pulegium. 27 compounds were identified with the predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes such as menthofurane (73.38%), rotundifolone (65.99%), pulegone (59.12%), α menthol (49.89%), menthone (20.84%), neomenthol (20.76%), 1.8-cineole (18.16%). M. aquatica and M. arvensis exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=0.69±0.06mg/ml and 0.76±0.20mg/ml, respectively) and the highest capacity to prevent β-carotene bleaching (IC50=0.16±0.02mg/ml and 0.22±0.01mg/ml, respectively). The uppermost ferrous ion chelating activity was observed for M. aquatica, M. arvensis and M. villosa (1.72<IC50<1.73mg/ml). Whereas essential oil of M. arvensis was found to be the most efficient (IC50=27.5μg/ml) against acetylcholinesterase. Consequently, essential oils of Mentha species could be exploited for their pharmacological application in order to prevent induced diseases relied to oxidative stress.

Fatty acid composition from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991 and its antioxidant activity.

This study evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fatty acids from the marine red algae Pterocladiella capillacea (S. G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand 1997 and Osmundaria obtusiloba (C. Agardh) R. E. Norris 1991. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified nine fatty acids in the two species. The major fatty acids of P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba were palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity of fatty acids was moderate ranging from 25.90% to 29.97%. Fatty acids from P. capillacea (31.18%) had a moderate ferrous ions chelating activity (FIC), while in O. obtusiloba (17.17%), was weak. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of fatty acids from P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba was low. As for β-carotene bleaching (BCB), P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba showed a good activity. This is the first report of the antioxidant activities of fatty acids from the marine red algae P. capillacea and O. obtusiloba.

Antioxidant and Antiradical Activity of Beetroot (Beta vulgarisL. var.conditivaAlef.) Grown Using Different Fertilizers

Fertilizers in different nitrogen forms (calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea, ammonium sulfate (AS), and ammonium nitrate (AN)) and their doses (50, 100, and 150) for beetroot (BT) (Beta vulgarisL. var.conditivaAlef.) and the antioxidant and antiradical activities in the lyophilized water and alcohol extracts of BT were evaluated. In order to evaluate antioxidant and radical removing activities of BT roots, total phenolic compound amount assignment, total flavonoids amount assignment, method of Fe3+-Fe2+reduction activity using ferric cyanate reduction, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing capacity with CUPRAC method, Fe3+reducing capacity according to FRAP method, ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity, superoxide anion radical (O2•-) removing activity, and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical removing activity were determined. In the study, BHA andα-tocopherol were used as standard antioxidants. It was determined that water and alcohol extracts obtained from BT roots indicated reduction activities, effectively. In addition, it was also determined that these reduction activities were indicated in most BT roots grown in fertilizer media at lower percentage and that they had higher antioxidative level than that of standard antioxidants.